Identification of heat shock protein 70 genes HSPA2, HSPA5 and HSPA8 from the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica     

Shigehisa IWAMOTO  Shinya SATO  Kazuyoshi HOSOMICHI  Autthaporn TAWEETUNGTRAGOON  Takashi SHIINA  Hisashi MATSUBAYASHI  Hiromi HARA  Yutaka YOSHIDA  Kei HANZAWA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(2):171-181

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus accumulates in vesicle-like structures in descending and ascending midgut epithelial cells of the vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, but not in those of nonvector whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum     

Miwa Uchibori  Aiko Hirata  Masashi Suzuki  Masashi Ugaki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(2):115-122

Begomoviruses are transmitted by a single species of vector insect, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, in a circulative manner. However, the mechanisms of this strict vector specificity have not been clarified. By immunoelectron microscopy, we showed that a begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), can enter midgut epithelial cells of the vector whitefly B. tabaci but not those of a nonvector whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, belonging to the same family. In midgut epithelial cells of viruliferous B. tabaci, the virus was localized in vesicle-like structures, suggesting endocytosis as an entry mechanism. These structures were also observed in midgut cells of nonviruliferous B. tabaci that had fed on healthy plants and in those of the nonvector T. vaporariorum that had fed on virus-infected plants. Vesicles containing TYLCV particles were observed most frequently in cells in the anterior part of the descending midgut, suggesting that this is the major entry site. These results clearly demonstrated that the virus-containing vector and nonvector whiteflies differ in the cellular localization of the virus and strongly suggest that a critical step in determining the vector insect specificity of begomoviruses is the entry of the viruses into midgut epithelial cells.  相似文献   

Synthesis and acaricidal activity of phenylpiperazine derivatives     

Jun Suzuki  Akihito Ootaka  Shinji Onoue  Miwa Onoue 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(2):189

We synthesized 33 new phenylpiperazine derivatives and assessed their acaricidal activity. These derivatives were synthesized through sequential reactions consisting of the sulfonylation of 2-substituted 4-methylaniline with chlorosulfonic acid, reduction with red phosphorus and iodine, alkylation by alkyl halide, cyclization with bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride, and N-substitution reaction of phenylpiperazines with various reagents. All phenylpiperazines synthesized were evaluated for acaricidal activity and their structure–activity relationships discussed, it was found that 4-substituted 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine derivatives exhibited good acaricidal activity. Among them, 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfanyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) piperazine showed the highest level of activity against Tetranychus urticae and provided a high level of activity against Tetranychus kanzawai and Panonychus citri. In addition, studies on the effect at various stages of T. urticae exhibited that this compound showed good activity against both adults and eggs.  相似文献   

Apocrine adenocarcinoma of possible sweat gland origin in a male rabbit     

Miwa Y  Mochiduki M  Nakayama H  Shibuya N  Ogawa H  Sasaki N 《The Journal of small animal practice》2006,47(9):541-544

A five-year-old, male crossbreed rabbit was referred for acute caudal abdominal swelling. On physical examination, the rabbit was slightly depressed and showed an enlarged subcutaneous cyst in the caudal abdomen and an adjacent small, ulcerated solid mass. A drainage tube was placed in the cystic area, and surgical resection of the solid mass was performed. The histopathological diagnosis of the mass was apocrine adenocarcinoma. To the authors' knowledge, this report describes the first case of spontaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma of possible sweat gland origin in a male rabbit.  相似文献   

Effects of the fattening period on the fatty acid composition of fat deposits and free amino acid and inosinic acid contents of the longissimus muscle in carcasses of Japanese Black steers     

Eiji IWAMOTO  Akio OKA  Fumiyuki IWAKI 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(4):411-417

The effects of the fattening period on carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition of fat deposits, and muscle free amino acid (FAA) and inosinic acid (IMP) contents were evaluated in Japanese Black steers. Ten castrated, 10-month-old calves derived from the same sire were divided into five to be slaughtered at the age of 30 months after a 20-month fattening period (20-month group) and five to be slaughtered at the age of 34 months after a 24-month fattening period (24-month group). Concerning the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat, the percentage of palmitoleic acid was higher ( P  < 0.05) in the 24- than in the 20-month group, but no difference was noted in any other fatty acids. For intermuscular fat, no difference was observed in any fatty acids. The percentages of oleic acid and total monounsaturated fatty acid of intramuscular and perinephric fat were higher ( P  < 0.05) in the 24- than in the 20-month group. Of the FAAs in the longissimus thoracis muscle, the threonine and tyrosine contents were lower ( P  < 0.05) in the 24- than in the 20-month group. The IMP content was higher ( P  < 0.05) in the 24- than in the 20-month group, suggesting an effect of prolongation of the fattening period.  相似文献   

Novel loss-of-function putative aminotransferase alleles cause biosynthesis of capsinoids, nonpungent capsaicinoid analogues, in mildly pungent chili peppers (Capsicum chinense)     

Tanaka Y  Hosokawa M  Miwa T  Watanabe T  Yazawa S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(22):11762-11767

Capsinoids are a group of nonpungent capsaicinoid analogues produced in Capsicum fruits. They have similar bioactivities to capsaicinoids such as suppression of fat accumulation and antioxidant activity. They are more palatable ingredients in dietary supplements than capsaicinoids because of their low pungency. Previous studies on nonpungent Capsicum annuum cultivars showed that capsinoid biosynthesis is caused by loss-of-function putative aminotransferase (p-amt) alleles. This study showed that three mildly pungent cultivars of Capsicum chinense (Zavory Hot, Aji Dulce strain 2, and Belize Sweet) contain high levels of capsinoid. It was shown that these cultivars have novel p-amt alleles, which contain mutations that differ from those of C. annuum. Sequence analysis of p-amt in Belize Sweet revealed that a 5 bp insertion (TGGGC) results in a frameshift mutation. A transposable element (Tcc) was found in the p-amt of Zavory Hot and Aji Dulce strain 2. Tcc has features similar to those of the hAT transposon family. This was inserted in the fifth intron of Zavory Hot and in third intron of Aji Dulce strain 2. The p-amt alleles harboring Tcc cannot produce an active p-AMT. These mildly pungent cultivars will provide a new natural source of capsinoids.  相似文献   

Comparative study of the innervation of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves in the cerebral arterial tree of birds     

Haruo KUSABA  Koichi AND&#;  Masayuki NOBORU  Kiyonori HAYASHI  Noboru FUJIHARA  Hisao IWAMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(2):143-147

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry and quantitative analysis were used to investigate and compare the projections and densities of cerebral perivascular AChE nerves in five avian species. In the society finch, AChE nerves arising from the cerebral carotid, internal ethmoidal and vertebral arteries generally have no overlap with each other. This is different from AChE neuronal projections via these three vascular routes reported previously for the pigeon, duck, chicken and quail. AChE nerves supplying the pigeon cerebral arterial tree are the highest in density, predominate in the anterior circulation (AC) rather than in the posterior circulation (PC). Similar differential supply of nerves is also found in the duck, with a marked low density in the PC. In contrast, the chicken PC has a substantial amount of AChE nerves that is larger than the fiber amount contained in the AC. The reduction of nerves is far greater in both the AC and PC of the finch. It is not so prominent as that seen in the quail. The significant difference in the distribution and density of cerebral perivascular AChE nerves presented here may indicate that there are some species-specific cholinergic controlling mechanisms responsible for the cerebral circulation of birds.  相似文献   

Plants tolerant of high boron levels     

Miwa K  Takano J  Omori H  Seki M  Shinozaki K  Fujiwara T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5855):1417

Reduced crop productivity due to soils containing toxic levels of boron (B) is a worldwide problem in food production. It is estimated that up to 17% of the barley yield losses in southern Australia are caused by B toxicity. We found that the expression of AtBOR4, an Arabidopsis paralog of BOR1, the first identified boron transporter gene, generates plants that are tolerant of high B levels. BOR4 is a polarly localized borate exporter that enhances B efflux from roots. The present study is a foundation for the improvement of crop productivity in soils containing excess B, which are distributed in arid areas of the world.  相似文献   

Studies on controlled potassium fertilizers I. Relative effectiveness of various hardly soluble potassium compounds as source of slow-release     

Eitaro Miwa  Kiyoshi Kurihara 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):403-411

Relative effectiveness of various hardly soluble K materials as sources of slow availability for plants was compared by uptake of K in Brassica seedlings grown in quartz sand-nutrient medium with occasional leaching, and by the release pattern of K.

Material characteristics exert a great influence on K availability. Water solubility is not a dominant factor for controlling the availability of K to the plants, but particle sizes and the reaction of K in fertilizers with nutrient ions in the medium play a significant role in the release pattern of K. Moreover, the plant roots have an ability to accelerate K release from such hardly soluble aources as fused potassium phosphate, KMgPO₄, and K₂CaP₂O₇.

According to the results obtained, that is, total dry matter production, pattern of K uptake through four successive croppings and loss of K by leaching the examined materials appear to be divided into the following three groups:

• a) Materials having a high degree of slow availability-KMgPO₄ (+3 mesh), fused potassium phosphate (+28 mesh and -65 mesh), K₂CaP₂O₇ (+3 mesh), and calcined potassium phosphate (-7+14 mesh).

• b) Materials having a mid degree of slow availability- KCaPO₄ (+3 mesh), liparite potassium. Sulphur coated KCl, calcined potassium phosphate (-32 mesh), K₂CaP₂O₇ (-32 mesh), KMgPO₄ (-32 mesh), and KPO₃ (+3 mesh).

• c) Materials having a low degree of slow availability-KCaPO, ( -32 mesh), KPO, (-32 mesh).

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Role of overexpressed BOR4, a boron exporter,in tolerance to high level of boron in shoots     

Kyoko Miwa  Toru Fujiwara 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):558-565

High boron (B) tolerance is an important trait for crop production in high-B soils. We previously reported that overexpression of BOR4, an Arabidopsis thaliana B exporter, conferred high B tolerance in A. thaliana. This improvement appeared to be mainly due to the decreased B concentrations in roots through BOR4-mediated exclusion of B. In the present study, we describe a novel role of overexpressed BOR4 in shoots for high B tolerance. We compared shoot growth of wild type A. thaliana and transgenic plants moderately overexpressing BOR4 in relation to B concentration in shoots. It was found that growths and chlorophyll accumulation of shoots containing similar levels of B are better in the transgenic plants than the wild type. This finding established that BOR4-overexpressing plants are more capable of expanding leaves and accumulating chlorophyll in the presence of high B in shoot tissues. BOR4-GFP was found to be localized to plasma membrane in leaf epidermis cells. We suggest that overexpressed BOR4 alters B distribution in leaves by exporting B from the cytoplasm to the apoplast, leading to enhancement of high B tolerance in shoots.  相似文献