Carbon and nitrogen contents and greenhouse gas fluxes of the Eurasian steppe soils with different land-use histories located in the Arkaim museum reserve of South Ural,Russia     

Hirohiko Nagano  Soh Sugihara  Miwa Matsushima  Susumu Okitsu  Valentina E. Prikhodko  Elena Manakhova 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):238-244

The effects of different land-use histories on contents of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and fluxes of greenhouse gases [carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O)] measured using the closed chamber method were investigated in the Arkaim museum reserve located in the South Ural of Russia. A natural forest site (NF) and two grassland sites that had different land-use histories (CL: cropland until 1991; PST: pasture until 1991; both sites have been fallow for 18 years) were selected for soil sampling and gas flux measurements. The vegetation in NF was mainly Betula pendula Roth. with steppe cherry and grassy cover. Perennial grasses (Stipa spp., Festuca spp. and others) have been planted in CL and PST since 1991 to establish reserve mode, and the projective cover of these plants were?>?90% in both sites in 2009. Soil samples were taken from the A horizon in the three sites, and additionally samples of the O horizon were taken from NF. The contents of soil C and N [total C, total N, soluble organic C, soluble N and microbial biomass C (MBC)] in the O horizon of NF were the largest among all investigated soils (p?p?2 fluxes (i.e., CO₂ efflux) in all three investigated sites were observed. The CO₂ efflux in NF was significantly larger than in CL and PST (129, 30 and 25?mg C m^?2 hour^?1, respectively, p?2 efflux between CL and PST. There were no significant differences in the fluxes of CH₄ and N₂O among NF, CL and PST (p?>?0.05). Our current research indicated that, in soils of the Eurasian steppe zone of Russia, total C, total N and MBC were affected not only by current land-use (i.e., fallow grassland vs. natural forest) but also by past (until 18 years ago) land-use.  相似文献   

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production using mannitol as a sole carbon source by Burkholderia sp. AIU M5M02 isolated from a marine environment     

Yamada  Miwa  Yukita  Ai  Hanazumi  Yuta  Yamahata  Yuki  Moriya  Hiroki  Miyazaki  Masao  Yamashita  Tetsuro  Shimoi  Hitoshi 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(2):405-412

Fisheries Science - We isolated Burkholderia sp. AIU M5M02, which accumulates poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] homopolymer in a nitrogen-limiting mineral salt medium containing mannitol as a sole...  相似文献   

Determination of adulteration in apple juice by HPLC with novel optical rotation detector     

Yamamoto A  Kawai M  Miwa T  Tsukamoto T  Kodama S  Hayakawa K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7302-7304

A simple HPLC method for the determination of adulteration in apple juice was developed. The method is based on the detection of D-malate, derived from racemic malic acid, which is added as an acidulant. A variable-wavelength optical rotation detector was used to determine the enantiomeric excess (ee). Using anion-exchange chromatography with a phosphate buffer eluent and UV (210 nm) detection, the limit of detection for L-malate was 2 microg. With an injection of 13.4 microg of malate, the standard deviation of the ee calibration curve was 2.5%. Several apple juice samples were analyzed according to the proposed procedure, and the results agreed with those obtained using enzymatic kits for food analysis.  相似文献   

Morphometric evaluation of rhesus articular cartilage: correlation of hexosamine and 35SO4 = incorporation     

E D Roberts  D H Zeman  T Miwa  H Shoje 《Veterinary pathology》1989,26(4):309-313

Morphometric evaluation of 20 rhesus articular cartilage samples were correlated with hexosamine and an 18-hour incorporation of 35SO4- as a measure of proteoglycan production on samples from the same joint. Reduced chondrocyte cellularity was the basis of the reduced maintenance of the matrix by the chondrocyte. In the more cellular cartilage, the matrix/lacunae area ratio was less than 25, and the less cellular group had a ratio of greater than 40. An inverse correlation existed between morphometric cartilage matrix/lacunar area ratio and hexosamine content. A significant difference of 35SO4 incorporation was not seen between the three morphometric grades. Morphometric assessment reduces the subjectivity of articular cartilage evaluation.  相似文献   

Sodium channel mutations associated with knockdown resistance in the human head louse, Pediculus capitis (De Geer)     

Si Hyeock LeeJian-Rong Gao  Kyong Sup YoonKosta Y Mumcuoglu  David TaplinJohn D Edman  Miwa Takano-LeeJ Marshall Clark 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2003,75(3):79-91

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Comparative observations of the growth changes of the histochemical properties and collagen architecture of the iliotibialis lateralis muscle from Silky, layer and meat type cockerels     

Ichiro OSHIMA  Hisao IWAMOTO  Shoji TABATA  Yoshitaka ONO  Akira ISHIBASHI  Nobuya SHIBA  Hideyuki MIYACHI  Takafumi GOTOH  Shotaro NISHIMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(5):546-559

Growth‐related changes in the histochemical property and collagen architecture of the iliotibialis lateralis muscle were compared among Silky, layer and meat cockerels. Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were employed to observe the collagen architecture. The total intramuscular collagen was also determined. The muscle consisted of type IIA, IIB and IIC myofibers, of which type IIB occurred at the highest frequency. The diameter of type IIB myofibers in each week was largest in the layer, followed by the meat, and was smallest in the Silky. The total amount of collagen reached 3.38 mg/g in the meat bird, 3.03 mg/g in the layer and 2.71 mg/g in the Silky by 30 weeks of age, respectively. In the perimysium, the collagen bundles increased in size and density of fibrils with growth. At 30 weeks of age the layer had compact collagen platelets while the Silky had loose collagen bundles. In the meat bird, the collagen bundles were moderately compact. The endomysial collagen network had a large mesh size at 1 week and thereafter accumulated many collagen fibrils to form a felt‐like fabric of fibrils at 30 weeks of age. From these results it appears that growth‐related changes in the iliotibialis lateralis muscle are not necessarily causally affected by the different growth rates of chicken breeds.  相似文献   

Obstructive nephropathy induced with DL-potassium hydrogen tartrate in F344 rats     

Kaoru Inoue  Tomomi Morikawa  Miwa Takahashi  Midori Yoshida  Kumiko Ogawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(2):89-97

We experienced obstructive nephropathy in F344 rats treated with DL-potassium hydrogen tartrate (PHT) in a 13-week oral repeated dose toxicity study. Six-week-old male and female F344/DuCrj rats were fed a diet containing up to 2.0% PHT for 13 weeks. Microscopical findings including irregular dilation of the distal tubule lumen, foreign body giant cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and regeneration of renal tubules were observed focally or multifocally in the renal cortex and/or medulla in the 0.5% and higher dosage groups of both sexes. The severity of these lesions increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the urinalysis, an increase in protein and white blood cells or the concentration of tartaric acid was detected in the 0.5% PHT and higher dosage groups of both sexes or males, respectively, though conventional blood biochemical analysis did not indicate failure of renal function. These results indicate that the PHT induces obstructive nephropathy in rats. There were no other treatment-related changes in other organs.  相似文献   

Nutrient sufficiency in beef cows grazing on a dwarf bamboo‐dominated forestland pasture in Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Miwa Nakano  Masato Yayota  Shigeru Ohtani 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(7):689-697

The nutritional status of cows grazing on a 120‐ha public alpine forestland pasture dominated by the dwarf bamboo Sasa senanensis located in central Japan was evaluated over the course of 2 years. Data were collected during grazing seasons in three periods: early (June), mid‐ (August) and late (late September–early October) periods. During these periods, the number of experimental Japanese Black cows varied between three and six. With the exception of the dry matter (DM) intake in 2005 and the crude protein (CP) digestibility in 2006, the DM and CP intake and digestibility were lower in the mid‐ and late periods than in the early period for both years (P < 0.05). Metabolizable energy intake was slightly insufficient for the requirement of the cows in the late period of 2005; in the mid‐ and late periods of 2006, the metabolizable energy intake was 0.4 to 0.5 times the requirement. These results suggest that the energy intake of cows grazing on forestland pasture dominated by S. senanensis would not satisfy their requirements starting in the mid‐period (August) grazing, even though the pasture had abundant herbage resources during these periods.  相似文献   

Correlation of extractive components and body index with taste in oyster Crassostrea gigas brands     

Murata  Yuko  Touhata  Ken  Miwa  Ryuichi 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(3):561-572

Fisheries Science - We investigated the free amino acid (FAA) composition, glycogen content, and body index of 31 brands of oyster Crassostrea gigas to evaluate their taste graphically using a...  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dmc1</Emphasis>, a gene involved in gametogenesis,from the whiteleg shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis>     

Tomoyuki Okutsu  Bong Jung Kang  Misako Miwa  Goro Yoshizaki  Yukio Maeno  Marcy N. Wilder 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(6):961-969

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