Efficacy against Fasciola hepatica and the pharmacokinetics of triclabendazole administered by oral and topical routes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

PJ Martin  M Chambers  DR Hennessy 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(5):200-203

Objective   To determine the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) against 28-day-old, early immature liver fluke in cattle and its pharmacokinetics following administration by the oral or topical (pour-on) route.
Procedures   Cattle (n = 18) were infected with 500 TCBZ-susceptible liver fluke metacercariae and randomly allocated to three groups. At 28 days after infection, the groups were: (1) untreated controls; (2) treated with oral TCBZ at 12 mg/kg in combination with oxfendazole and selenium (TOS); (3) treated with pour-on TCBZ at 30 mg/kg in combination with abamectin (TA). Blood samples were taken immediately prior to treatment and serially after treatment to assess the plasma profile of TCBZ metabolites. Ten weeks after treatment all animals were slaughtered and total liver fluke counts, fluke egg counts and liver pathology were assessed.
Results   Both the TOS and TA treatments resulted in significant reductions of 28-day-old liver fluke, as assessed by fluke counts and fluke egg counts at slaughter, and the reductions following TOS treatment were significantly greater than those following TA treatment. The blood profile of TCBZ metabolites in TOS-treated animals showed a significantly greater area under the plasma concentration time curve and a higher maximum observed concentration than those treated with TA. There was significantly less liver pathology in TOS-treated animals than in the TA-treated animals.
Conclusion   TCBZ administered orally at 12 mg/kg resulted in greater efficacy against 28-day-old, early immature liver fluke than was achieved by topical administration at 30 mg/kg. Plasma metabolites of TCBZ were higher and liver pathology was less in TOS-treated animals than in TA-treated animals.  相似文献   

Examination of adenovirus-types in intestinal vascular endothelial inclusions in fatal cases of enteric disease in cattle, by in situ hybridisation     

Smyth JA  Moffett DA  van Garderen E  Orr JP 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,70(1-2):1-6

There have been occasional reports in the literature of a severe naturally occurring enteric disease of cattle in which adenoviral inclusions were found in intestinal vascular endothelium. Bovine adenovirus type 10 (BAV-10) was identified by in situ hybridisation (ISH) in the inclusions of all 13 such cattle detected in Northern Ireland [Smyth, J.A., Benk?, M., Moffett, D.A., Harrach, B., 1996. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 1270-1274]. The present paper describes ISH examination of the vascular endothelial inclusion bodies in a further seventeen cattle with enteric disease, from Canada, Great Britain, Italy and The Netherlands. BAV-10 was identified in the inclusions of ten cases, and Subgroup 2 BAVs in six cases. BAV-10 was identified in cattle from Canada, The Netherlands and Great Britain. This is the first recognition of BAV-10 infection outside Northern Ireland and New Zealand. The results also show that at least two adenovirus serotypes may induce inclusion bodies in intestinal vascular endothelium of cattle. It will, therefore, be difficult in the short term to develop a simple test to allow diagnosis of this form of adenoviral infection in living animals, and thus to determine the relationship between it and clinical disease.  相似文献   

Comparative cell morphology in the peripheral blood film from exotic and native animalsa     

PJ CANFIELD 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(12):793-800

Haematological investigation is an important part of disease diagnosis. This is particularly so when investigating individual animal disease. It may also be important when investigating diseases in groups of animals, but the opportunity to perform necropsies to directly detect disease processes often diminishes its usefulness. Haematological investigation is essentially similar for all species. The presence of nucleated erythrocytes and thrombocytes in nonmammals requires alteration of haemoglobin measurement and cell counting. In addition, it may cause some confusion in identification of cells in peripheral blood films. Examination of blood films is an important component of haematological investigation and provides useful information on erythroid, leukocytic and platelet/thrombocytic alterations. Interpretation of alterations is essentially similar for all species. However, cell identification can at times be difficult. There are five basic leukocytes in all species: neutrophil (mammals) or heterophil (nonmammals), eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte and monocyte. In nonmammals it may be difficult at times to distinguish between heterophils and eosinophils. In addition, lymphocytes may be confused with thrombocytes. However, a common-sense approach to the examination of the peripheral blood film will minimise this confusion.  相似文献   

Continental drainage in north america during the phanerozoic from Nd isotopes     

PJ Patchett  GM Ross  JD Gleason 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5402):671-673

Neodymium (Nd) isotopic data show consistent patterns in the sources of sedimentary rocks in North America at a continental scale. Between 600 and 450 million years ago (Ma), ancient continental shield sources dominated. Around 450 Ma, detritus from the Caledonian-Appalachian mountains overwhelmed sediment from all older sources, and is documented over large areas of the southern, western, and northern margins of North America. This material continued to dominate the sediment supply until about 150 Ma, probably due to cannibalistic recycling of sedimentary rocks formed earlier. Around 150 Ma, the rising western Cordillera delivered new and different detritus to the sedimentary system.  相似文献   

Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

PJ Sellers  RE Dickinson  DA Randall  AK Betts  FG Hall  JA Berry  GJ Collatz  AS Denning  HA Mooney  CA Nobre  N Sato  CB Field  A Henderson-Sellers 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5299):502-509

Atmospheric general circulation models used for climate simulation and weather forecasting require the fluxes of radiation, heat, water vapor, and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface to be specified. These fluxes are calculated by submodels called land surface parameterizations. Over the last 20 years, these parameterizations have evolved from simple, unrealistic schemes into credible representations of the global soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer system as advances in plant physiological and hydrological research, advances in satellite data interpretation, and the results of large-scale field experiments have been exploited. Some modern schemes incorporate biogeochemical and ecological knowledge and, when coupled with advanced climate and ocean models, will be capable of modeling the biological and physical responses of the Earth system to global change, for example, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.  相似文献   

Comparison of inoculation regimes for the experimental production of swine erysipelas arthritis: I Clinical, pathological and bacteriological findings     

GJ EAMENS  PJ NICHOLLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(7):212-216

The arthritic form of swine erysipelas was induced in pigs by multiple intravenous inoculation of 2 strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The strains differed significantly in their arthritogenicity but not in the number of cases of lameness induced. The use of 3 intravenous inoculations instead of 5 did not significantly affect the outcome. In a second trial, the more arthritogenic strain was injected in ten-fold dilutions from 5 x 10(9) to 5 x 10(4) organisms. Pigs receiving the lower doses showed high variability in their arthritic responses that precluded sensitive analysis of the dose effects on the number of arthritic and infected joints. However, slaughter weights showed a significant negative correlation with dose. Mean slaughter weights in treatment groups varied by 14.6 kg per pig, an average weight loss of 3 kg per pig for each ten-fold rise in dose of the highly virulent strain, and significantly correlated with the number of arthritic and infected joints. Culture of homogenised synovial membrane through selective horse meat-serum broth containing kanamycin, neomycin and vancomycin identified 66% and 59% more infected joints than primary blood agar culture of synovial fluid or synovial membrane homogenate, respectively.  相似文献   

Neurological disease associated with degenerative axonopathy of neonatal Holstein-Friesian calves     

PAW HARPER  PJ HEALY 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(5):143-146

The clinical and pathological features of 19 neonatal Holstein-Friesian calves affected with moderate to severe neurological disease are presented. Most calves were recumbent from birth, and many developed variable neurological signs including hyperaesthesia or depression, limb extension, head tremor, nystagmus, apparent blindness, and opisthotonos when stimulated. Consistent lesions of moderate to severe, diffuse, axonal swelling and loss, with Wallerian-type degeneration and myelin depletion in the spinal cord and brainstem, and occasionally in the midbrain and peripheral nerve roots, were observed. The lesions indicated a pre-natal insult affecting mainly motor areas of the foetal neuraxis, however the aetiology of the disorder remains undetermined. It is suggested that the calves may have been affected by a hitherto unrecognised disease entity for which we propose the term, degenerative axonopathy.  相似文献   

Characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolated from fowl cholera outbreaks on turkey farms     

PJ BLACKALL  JL PAHOFF  D MARKS†  N FEGAN  CJ MORROW‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(4):135-138

SUMMARY: Biochemical profiles, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and ribotyping were used to investigate Pasteurella multocida isolates from outbreaks of fowl cholera on 7 turkey farms in New South Wales. While only a single isolate was available from 5 of the farms, multiple isolates, 4 and 12 respectively, were available from the other 2 farms. The available field evidence suggested that 8 outbreaks had occurred with one farm suffering 2 outbreaks. The isolates obtained were all confirmed as Pasteurella multocida . Biochemical profiles allocated the isolates to 4 groups, 3 being variants of P multocida subsp multocida and the fourth being P multocida subsp septica . REA performed with Hpall established 7 groups. Ribotyping using the Hpall digests probed with the 16S rRNA operon of Haemophilus paragallinarum recognised the same 7 groups as REA. Unlike the biochemical profiles, both REA and ribotyping provided a fine subdivision that identified outbreaks as either related or unrelated. The REA and ribotyping patterns as well as biochemical profiles were stable for all isolates from the outbreaks in which multiple isolates were obtained from either the same bird or from different birds. REA and ribotyping were found to be superior to biotyping methods for the investigation of fowl cholera outbreaks.  相似文献   

Fixed-time insemination for controlled breeding of Bos indicus heifers under extensive management conditions in north Queensland     

LA FITZPATRICK  PJ FINLAY 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(2):77-78

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In-vitro antibacterial properties of tilmicosin against Australian isolates of Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica from cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

CP STEPHENS  PJ BLACKALL  LK WADE  LB LOWE 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(10):391-392

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