Gene Cloning and Tissue Expression Analysis of a PR-5 Thaumatin-Like Protein in Phellinus weirii-Infected Douglas-Fir     

Zamani A  Sturrock RN  Ekramoddoullah AK  Liu JJ  Yu X 《Phytopathology》2004,94(11):1235-1243

ABSTRACT In western North America, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is the most economically important conifer species susceptible to laminated root rot caused by Phellinus weirii. While attempting to internally sequence an endochitinase found to be up-regulated in P. weirii-infected Douglas-fir roots, we obtained overlapping peptide fragments showing 28% similarity with a PR-5 thaumatin-like protein (TLP) designated PmTLP (Pm for Pseudotsuga menziesi). A rabbit polyclonal antibody was reared against a synthetic peptide composed of a 29-amino-acid-long, conserved, internal sequence of PmTLP and purified by immunoaffinity. Western immunoblot analysis of infected roots of 24-year-old coastalfir showed significantly higher amounts of PmTLP (P < 0.01) closest to the point of P. weirii inoculation and infection than in uninfected regions of the same root. The antibody was also used to screen for PmTLP in roots of 25-year-old interior Douglas-firs naturally infected with a related pathogen, Armillaria ostoyae, and results showed significantly higher levels of PmTLP in bark tissues adjacent to infection (P < 0.05) than in uninfected tissue. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based cloning, the cDNA of PmTLP was shown to have a 702-bp open reading frame with a signal peptide cleavage site at 155 bp corresponding to a 29-amino-acid-long residue prior to the start of the N-terminal. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, the molecular mass of the putative PmTLP was calculated to be 21.0 kDa with an isoelectric point of 3.71. Alignment analysis of PmTLP cDNA with a representative genomic DNA PCR sequence showed presence of one intron of variable size, within the coding region. The induction of PmTLP at the site of root infection and its presence in needle tissue suggests a general role for this protein in adaptation to stress and may be part of an integrated defense response initiated by the host to impede further pathogen spread.  相似文献   

Inhibitory effect of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides on the multiplication of Babesia gibsoni: possible cause of low parasitemia and simultaneous reticulocytosis in canine babesiosis     

Hossain MA  Yamato O  Yamasaki M  Maede Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(4):389-395

The present study was conducted to determine the cause of low parasitemia and simultaneous reticulocytosis in canine babesiosis. The parasitemia was significantly decreased in in vitro cultures of Babesia gibsoni by the pretreatment of host canine erythrocytes with lead acetate, which is a specific inhibitor of pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase subclass I (P5N-I). The serum from dogs chronically infected with B. gibsoni did not decrease the activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in canine reticulocytes, although it was previously reported that this serum had inhibitory effects on both the maturation of reticulocytes and the canine P5N-I and purine-specific 5'-nucleotidase activities. Furthermore, the in vitro multiplication of B. gibsoni was significantly inhibited by pyrimidine nucleotides such as cytidine 5'-monophosphate (5'-CMP), which is preferentially catalyzed by P5N-I and also inhibits the morphological maturation of canine reticulocytes. Purine nucleotides such as inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) also had an inhibitory effect on the multiplication of this parasite. These results suggest that nucleotides such as 5'-CMP and 5'-IMP might accumulate in young erythrocytes and/or serum in dogs infected with B. gibsoni as a result of the decreased activity of erythrocyte 5'-nucleotidase, and the accumulation of these nucleotides might inhibit the multiplication of this parasite and simultaneously retard the maturation of reticulocytes. The results obtained from the in vitro examinations in the present study may partially clarify the relationship between low parasitemia and simultaneous reticulocytosis in vivo in canine babesiosis.  相似文献   

Characterization of a factor from bovine intestine that protects against Cryptosporidium parvum infection     

Akili D  Heidari M  Welter LM  Reinhardt TA  Harp JA 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,142(1-2):168-172

Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that causes intestinal infection in a variety of mammals. We have previously described a factor in adult rat or adult bovine intestinal mucosa that protects against C. parvum infection when fed to susceptible infant rats. This factor is absent in intestinal mucosa from bovine calves. In the present study we describe the further characterization of the active component of bovine intestinal mucosa. The ability to protect infant rats against C. parvum infection was found to be associated with the extrinsic membrane protein fraction of the intestinal mucosa. Extrinsic membrane preparations from adult cows, adult rats, and calves were separated by SDS-PAGE. A band with apparent molecular mass of 54 kDa was seen in preparations from adult rat and cow, but not calf. Protein was transferred to PVDF membrane and from this the band was excised and subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis using a gas-phase protein sequenator. A 15-amino acid consensus sequence was generated with homology to leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Purified LAP was purchased from a commercial source and tested for ability to protect infant rats against C. parvum infection. Rats fed LAP from 7 to 11 days of age and challenged with C. parvum at 9 days were significantly less infected than controls upon necropsy at 15 days of age. These data suggest that a protein with N-terminal sequence homology to LAP may reduce susceptibility of infant rats to C. parvum infection.  相似文献   

Comparing apparent electrical conductivity measurements on a paddy field under flooded and drained conditions     

Mohammad Monirul Islam  Eef Meerschman  Timothy Saey  Philippe De Smedt  Ellen Van De Vijver  Marc Van Meirvenne 《Precision Agriculture》2012,13(3):384-392

Every growing season, paddy fields are kept both flooded and drained for a significant period of time. As a consequence, these soils develop distinct physico-chemical characteristics. For practical reasons, these soils are mostly sampled under dry conditions, but the question arises how representative the results are for the wet growing conditions. Therefore, the apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a) of a 1.4 ha alluvial paddy field located in the Brahmaputra floodplain of Bangladesh was measured in both dry and wet conditions by a sensing system using the electromagnetic induction sensor EM38, which does not require physical contact with the soil, and compared both surveys. Due to the smooth water surface under wet conditions which ensured increased stability of the sensing platform, the results of the survey showed considerably reduced micro-scale variability of EC_a. Furthermore, the wet survey results more reliably furnished soil-related information mainly due to the absence of soil moisture dynamics. The differences between EC_a under wet and dry conditions were attributed to differences in soil texture, mainly the sand content variation having considerable effect on soil moisture differences when flooded following drainage. Accordingly, the largest differences between EC_a under wet and dry conditions were found in those parts of the field with a large sand content. Hence, the conclusion was that an EC_a survey on flooded fields has an added value to precision soil management.  相似文献   

Determination of Some Design Parameters for Roller Type Seed Metering Device     

Hossein Navid  Hamid Reza Ghassemzadeh  Mohammad Moghaddam 《农业科学与技术》2012,(6):845-850

  相似文献   

Molecular diversity of Egyptian cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium barbadense</Emphasis> L.) and its relation to varietal development     

Kamal Fouad Abdellatif  Yehia Abdallah Khidr  Yasser Mohammad El-Mansy  Mohammad Mohammad El-Lawendey  Yasser Abdelraouf Soliman 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(2):93-99

Twenty-eight Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) genotypes (varieties and hybrids) were used for analysis of genetic diversity using DNA based markers (ISSR, SSR, and EST) and to study varietal development of cotton. The ISSR markers gave the highest percentage of polymorphic bands as well as polymorphic information content compared with the other molecular markers (i.e. EST and SSR markers). Using clustering analysis, no general clustering according to the pedigree history of the genotypes was observed. Using principal coordinate analysis (PCOORDA), cotton genotypes were separated by the first three principal coordinates (PC1, PC2, and PC3) accounting for 11.5, 8.6, and 7.2% of the total genetic variance, respectively. The cotton genotypes were distributed into three parts based on the first PC, each part containing a group of varieties having a common ancestor. ‘Giza 12’ variety was the common ancestor for the varieties included in the first part and ‘Ashmouni’ variety was the common ancestor for the varieties included in the second part, while both ‘Sakha 3’ and ‘Sakha 4’ varieties were common ancestors for the varieties included in the third part. The results of the PCOORDA also showed better resolution of the genetic diversity than cluster analysis especially in the illustration of the varietal development of cotton. That means that principal coordinate analysis can be strongly used either alone or in combination with cluster analysis to discuss both genetic diversity and varietal development in the cotton genotypes.  相似文献   

Milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a tool to investigate ovarian cyclicity of water buffaloes in relation to body condition score and milk production     

Turgish A Banu  Mohammed Shamsuddin  Jayonta Bhattacharjee  Mohammad F Islam  Saiful I Khan  Jalal U Ahmed 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):30

Background

Application of assisted reproductive technologies in buffaloes is limited to some extent by farmers’ inability to detect oestrus because of its poor expression. The present study aimed at investigating reliability of a milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the ovarian cyclicity during post partum, oestrus and post-breeding periods in water buffaloes.

Methods

Progesterone concentrations were measured by an ELISA in milk of 23 postpartum buffaloes in relation to oestrus, pregnancy, body condition score (BCS) and milk production. Two milk samples were taken at 10 days intervals, every month starting from day 30 and continued to day 150 post partum. BCS and milk production were recorded during sample collection. Milk samples from bred buffaloes were collected at Day 0 (day of breeding), Days 10–12 and Days 22–24. Defatted milk was preserved at −80°C until analysis. Pregnancy was confirmed by palpation per rectum on Days 70–90.

Results

Seventeen buffaloes had 47 ovulatory cycles, one to four in each, 13 were detected in oestrus once (28 % oestrus detection rate). Progesterone concentration ≥1 ng/ml in one of the two 10-day-interval milk samples reflected ovulation and corpus luteum formation. The intervals between calving to first luteal activity and to first detected oestrus varied from 41 to 123 days (n = 17) and 83 to 135 (n = 13) days, respectively. Eight buffaloes were bred in the course of the study and seven were found pregnant. These buffaloes had a progesterone profile of low (<1 ng/ml), high (≥ 1 ng/ml) and high (≥ 1 ng/ml) on Day 0, Days 10–12 and Days 22–24, respectively. Buffaloes cycling later in the postpartum period had fewer missed oestruses (P < 0.05). Buffaloes with a superior BCS had a shorter calving to oestrus interval and produced more milk (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Milk progesterone ELISA is a reliable tool for monitoring ovarian cyclicity and good BCS may be an indicator of resuming cyclicity in water buffalo.  相似文献   

Effect of supplementation of mustard oil cake on intake,digestibility and microbial protein synthesis of cattle in a straw-based diet in Bangladesh     

Khandaker ZH  Uddin MM  Sultana N  Peters KJ 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):791-800

The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of different levels of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) on intake, digestibility and microbial protein synthesis by supplementing mustard oil cake (MOC) on rice straw-based diet of cattle (Bos indicus) in Bangladesh. A 4 × 4 Latin square design was applied. Four diets having constant energy (7.0 MJ/kg of dry matter (DM)) with varying levels of RDP (M ₀ = 4.1 g/MJ (control), M ₁ = 6.3 g/MJ, M ₂ = 8.3 g/MJ and M ₃ = 12.4 g/MJ of metabolizable energy (ME)) were received by each animal for a period of 28 days. A metabolism trial was conducted for 7 days. Results indicate that with increasing levels of RDP, crude protein (CP) and RDP intake increased significantly (P < 0.01). The significant (P < 0.01) increase in digestibility values are obtained for DM, organic matter, CP and digestible organic matter in the rumen. The digestibility of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre was also increased significantly (P < 0.05). The total nitrogen (N), ammonia-N and total volatile fatty acids increase significantly (P < 0.01) while the rumen pH increased from M ₀ to M ₂ and decreased thereafter. The efficiency microbial N intake increased significantly (P < 0.01) but showed a curvilinear response with higher RDP level (12.40 g/RDP/MJ ME). This study concludes that supplementation of RDP from MOC enhances the intake, digestibility and microbial protein synthesis which ultimately increases utilization of low-quality feed resources that can be used for developing cost-effective feeding systems on a straw-based diet in tropical regions.  相似文献   

Direct and maternal (co)variance components, genetic parameters, and annual trends for growth traits of Makooei sheep in Iran     

Hossein Mohammadi  Mohammad Moradi Shahrebabak  Mahmood Vatankhah  Hossein Moradi Shahrebabak 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):185-191

Genetic parameters and genetic trends for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6-month weight (6MW), and yearling weight (YW) traits were estimated by using records of 5,634 Makooei lambs, descendants of 289 sires and 1,726 dams, born between 1996 and 2009 at the Makooei sheep breeding station, West Azerbaijan, Iran. The (co)variance components were estimated with different animal models using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure and the most appropriate model for each trait was determined by Akaike’s Information Criterion. Breeding values of animals were predicted with best linear unbiased prediction methodology under multi-trait animal models and genetic trends were estimated by regression mean breeding values on birth year. The most appropriate model for BW was a model including direct and maternal genetic effects, regardless of their covariance. The model for WW and 6MW included direct additive genetic effects. The model for YW included direct genetic effects only. Direct heritabilities based on the best model were estimated 0.15?±?0.04, 0.16?±?0.03, 0.21?±?0.04, and 0.22?±?0.06 for BW, WW, 6MW, and YW, respectively, and maternal heritability obtained 0.08?±?0.02 for BW. Genetic correlations among the traits were positive and varied from 0.28 for BW–YW to 0.66 for BW–WW and phenotypic correlations were generally lower than the genetic correlations. Genetic trends were 8.1?±?2, 67.4?±?5, 38.7?±?4, and 47.6?±?6 g per year for BW, WW, 6MW, and YW, respectively.  相似文献   

Experimental caprine coccidiosis caused by Eimeria arloingi: Morphopathologic and electron microscopic studies     

Hashemnia M  Khodakaram-Tafti A  Razavi SM  Nazifi S 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(1):47-55

The progressive morphohistopathologic changes, distribution pattern of lesions and ultrastructural characteristics in Eimeria arloingi infection were investigated in experimentally infected kids. The 18 newborn animals allocated to 3 equal groups. Two of groups, A, B were inoculated with a single dose of 1 × 10³ and1 × 10⁵ sporulated oocysts of E. arloingi, respectively. At 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days postinoculation (DPI), 1 kid from each group was necropsied for pathologic and ultrastructural studies. Progressive lesions were present at 21, 28, 35 and 42 DPI in the jejunum, ileum, cecum with fewer in the duodenum and proximal colon. The oocysts shedding begin between 16 to 18 DPI. Grossly, minimal changes were observed at 21 DPI as few whitish plaques or nodules and advanced lesions at 42 DPI as pseudoadenomatous pattern in the mucosa and a cerebriform pattern on the serosal surface of jejunum and ileum. Early histopathologic lesions due to schizogony phase were including presence of intracytoplasmic developmental stages of the parasite such as trophozoites, immature to mature schizonts and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells. In late lesions due to various stages of gametogony, the histological pattern was mainly remarkable hyperplasia of the villi and crypts epithelial cells, eventually developed into papillary projections of reactive epithelium. The mesenteric lymph nodes showed a few numbers of large schizonts in the cortical lacteals. This study showed E. arloingi as a highly pathogenic species for kids, the incubation period was 16–18 days and the main target organ was jejunum with characteristic morphohistopathologic lesions.  相似文献