Genetic diversity of rice germplasm (Oryza sativa L.) of java island,Indonesia     

Karimah  Addieni Zulfa  Siswoyo  Tri Agus  Kim  Kyung Min  Ubaidillah  Mohammad 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(1):93-101

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The role of genetic diversity in crop germplasm is an important concept within genetic conservation. In this research, 43 accessions were analyzed at the...  相似文献   

Changes in microbial biomass after continuous application of azolla and rice straw in soil     

Abul Kalam Mohammad Azmal  Takuya Marumoto  Haruo Shindo  Masaya Nishiyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):811-818

A model experiment was conducted under tropical conditions with a view to evaluating the changes in microbial biomass and nutrient dynamics in upland soil through the continuous application of azolla and rice straw (2 g C kg^-1 soil per each application). Flush decomposition of C was observed immediately after each application and the rate of mineralization did not change appreciably during this period. After flush decomposition, the rate of C mineralization from azolla was higher than that from rice straw until 9 to 13 weeks after each application and thereafter the mineralization rate was similar. The amount of inorganic N released from azolla increased following each application, whereas inorganic N in rice straw plot was immediately immobilized and the rate of immobilization increased until the 3rd application and did not increase further after the 4th application. The amounts of biomass C and N increased immediately after residue incorporation, reached the maximum level one week after each application and declined thereafter. Maximum biomass formation increased until the 2nd application and then the level remained constant. Maximum biomass N formation was higher in azolla than in rice straw after the 1st application, but after repeated applications, the difference became less pronounced: Continuous increase in biomass in a certain week after each application was observed, probably because of the cumulative effects of the previous applications. The increase suggests that continuous application of organic materials may enable to improve the amount of soil microbial biomass.  相似文献   

Abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil salinity around Lake Urmia in northern Iran analyzed by use of lipid biomarkers and microscopy     

Mohsen Barin  Nasser Aliasgharzad  Pål Axel Olsson  MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani  Mohammad Moghddam 《Pedobiologia》2013,56(4-6):225-232

Saline soils around Lake Urmia in northern Iran constitute a stressed environment for plants and microbial communities, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Soil and root samples were collected from fields cultivated with the glycophytes Allium cepa L. and Medicago sativa L., and sites dominated by the halophyte Salicornia europaea L. Soil and root samples were analyzed for the AM fungal signature neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1ω5. The roots were also examined microscopically for mycorrhizal colonization. Each plant species was sampled across a salt gradient. Microscopic examination showed no AM fungal structures in the roots of S. europaea. The highest root colonization was recorded for M. sativa. The highest NLFA 16:1ω5 values were found in soil around M. sativa roots and the lowest in soil around S. europaea roots. We found evidence for stimulation of vesicle formation at moderate salinity levels in M. sativa, which is an indication of increased carbon allocation to mycorrhiza. On the other hand, we found a negative correlation between salinity and arbuscule formation in A. cepa, which may indicate a less functional symbiosis in saline soils.  相似文献   

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Growth,Yield, Berry Quality,and Petiole Mineral Nutrient Concentrations of Table Grape     

Mohammad E. Amiri  Esmaeil Fallahi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):463-470

The effect of various combination of macro (N, Mg, and K) and micronutrients (Fe and Zn) on yield, fruit quality, and tissue mineral concentrations of an important commercial table grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera cv. Bidaneh Qermez) was studied over three growing seasons of 1999–2001. Yield, fruit set, cluster weight, cluster number, berry size and quality attributes (soluble solid concentrations, pH, K-skin) were influenced by N, K, Mg, Fe, and Zn applications. Potassium application increased cluster number and weight, which resulted in a significant increase in the yield. Potassium influenced berry quality attributes more than other applied mineral elements. Yield was positively correlated to the soil total N at 30–60 cm depth. Nitrogen application increased growth of the main and lateral canes. Soil N did not correlate strongly with tissue N status.  相似文献   

Influence of Foliar and Ground Fertilization on Yield,Fruit Quality,and Soil,Leaf, and Fruit Mineral Nutrients in Apple     

Mohammad E. Amiri  Esmaeil Fallahi  Ahmad Golchin 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):515-525

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of nitrogen (N)+ zinc (Zn) soil and foliar fertilizer applications on growth, yield, and quality of apple (Malus domestic Borkh ‘Golden Delicious’) fruit was studied in the Zanjan province, Iran. There were eight treatments 1) control (no fertilizer), 2) soil applied N, 3) soil applied Zn, 4) soil applied N+Zn, 5) foliar applied N, 6) foliar applied Zn, 7) foliar applied N+Zn and 8) combined soil and foliar applied N+Zn. The N source was urea [CO(NH₂)₂, 46% N] applied at 276 N tree^{? 1} yr^?1 and the Zn source was zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄,7H₂0, 23% Zn) applied at 110 g Zn tree^{? 1} yr^{? 1}. The soil treatments of N and Zn, were applied every two weeks during June through August (total of 6 times/year) in a 1 m radius around the tree trunk (drip line of trees). The foliar solutions of N (10 g l^{? 1} urea) and Zn [8 g l^{? 1} zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄)] were sprayed at the rate of 10 L tree^{? 1} every two weeks at the same times as described for soil applications. The highest yield (49 kg tree^{? 1}), and the heaviest fruits (202 g) were obtained in the soil and foliar combination of N+Zn treatment. The lowest yield (35 kg tree^{? 1}), and the smallest fruits (175 g) were recorded in the control. Nitrogen, and to a lesser extent Zn, foliar application resulted in decreasing fruit quality (caused russeting, and lower soluble solid), but increasing N leaf and fruit concentrations (2.4% DW and 563 mg kg^{? 1}, respectively). There were significant differences among yield and leaf mineral nutrient concentration in different treatments. But there was no significant difference between fruit mineral nutrient concentration (except N). Ratio of N/calcium (Ca), potassium (K)/Ca, and [magnesium (Mg)+K]/Ca in fruits were found suitable for fruit quality prediction. Combining the zinc sulfate with urea in the foliar applications increased the concentration of Zn from 0.7 to 1.5 mg per kg of apple tissue. Leaf N concentration varied during growth season. Foliar applied nutrient can be more efficient than soil applied, but a combination of soil and foliar applications is recommended for apple tree nutrient management.  相似文献   

Effect of salinity and silicon on root characteristics,growth, water status,proline content and ion accumulation of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)     

Mohammad Kafi  Zainab Rahimi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):341-347

Abstract

A significant part of potentially mineralizable organic nitrogen (N) in soil comprises microbial cells (Bonde et al. 1988). Since the major part of organic N in cow dung also consists of microbial biomass N (Marsh and Campling 1970), it may be worth comparing the origin and the successive processes of N mineralisation in cow dung with those in soil. We studied the effect of the dung beetle, Onthophagus lenzii H., on the decomposition of cow dung and found that the dung beetle played a significant role in this process (Yokoyama et al. 1990). We employed, here, the acid hydrolysis method to analyze the effect of the dung beetle on N transformation in dung balls and residual cow dung.  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS APPLICATION ON GRAIN YIELD,LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SOYBEAN CULTIVARS     

Hemmatollah Pirdashti  Alaleh Motaghian  Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):485-495

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic amendments on grain yield, leaf chlorophyll content, and some morphological characteristics of three soybean cultivars in Mazandaran province located at north of Iran in 2006. Chemical fertilizer (75 kg ha^?1 potassium sulfate and triple superphosphate), two levels of municipal solid waste, vermicompost and sewage sludge biosolid (20 and 40 Mg ha^?1) enriched with%50 chemical fertilizers needed by soil were applied to soybean cultivars (‘032’ and ‘033’ promising lines and ‘JK’ cultivar). The experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Some important plant characters such as grain yield, leaf chlorophyll content, number of branches, number of nodes on the main stem, length of internodes, stem diameter, first pod height and plant height were determined. Results showed that application of 40 Mg ha^?1 sewage sludge enriched with chemical fertilizers increased plant grain yield and stem diameter and application of 40 Mg ha^?1 vermicompost enriched with half chemical fertilizer increased the number of nodes on the main stem, significantly. The maximum length of internodes, first pod height and plant height were obtained when the 40 Mg ha^?1 sewage sludge and vermicompost enriched with half chemical fertilizer in ‘032’ line was used. Biomass, number of branches, stem diameter, number of nodes on the main stem of soybean cultivars had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield.  相似文献   

GROWTH AND FRUIT QUALITY RESPONSES OF HYDROPONICALLY CULTIVATED EGGPLANTS TO MINERAL CONTROLLED DEEP SEA WATER     

Sheheli Islam  Hagimine Tomoko  Katsumi Ishikawa  Noriko Takeda  Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad  Kiyoshi Miyauchi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(13):1970-1979

A suitable application of the deep seawater for high quality eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production was examined on vegetative growth and fruit yield with special reference to qualities of fruits. Mineral controlled deep sea water was prepared by electrodialyzing deep sea water with a selective membrane cartridge for the exchange of monovalent ions. Eggplant plants variety ‘Ryoma’ were grown in the NFT system with the applications of 2% mineral controlled deep sea water to the standard nutrient solution (mineral controlled deep sea water treatment-MDST) under greenhouse condition with four replications. With the treatment eggplant had larger vegetative growth rate than with the control. Furthermore, MDST showed that total fruit yield and marketable fruit yield was 14% and 23% higher than the control. In this study, a new methodology to produce high quality eggplants enriched in sugar, minerals, and dry matter was demonstrated by applying the natural resource.  相似文献   

NUTRIENT UPTAKE,SOIL AND PLANT NUTRIENT CONTENTS,AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT PLANTS UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING SYSTEMS AND VARIOUS IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES     

M. R. Pahlavan-Rad  S. A. R. Movahedi-Naeini  Mohammad Pessarakli 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1133-1143

The effects of seed bed shaping on nutrient variation in soil and plant under two different irrigation intervals were investigated on wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) plants with a split plot design in a field plot in Zahak Agricultural Research Station in Sistan province in 2005. Irrigations after 80 and 160 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan were used as main plots. Flat surface irrigation, single, triple, and 6-row beds with four replications were subplots. Total soil nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) were measured in a 30 cm depth top layer at five sampling times. Shoot samples were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na. Results showed that the 3-row and the 6-row beds with more frequent irrigation (shorter irrigation interval) increased soil solution sodium content in beds resulting in increased plant sodium absorption. With the 3-row and the 6-row beds, increased solution sodium concentration in soil increased solution ionic strength, dissolution of lime and hence soluble Ca and Mg. With the more frequent irrigation (shorter irrigation interval), only grain nitrogen and sodium contents were increased with no change in the absorption of other nutrients. The shoot N, P, and K uptake with more frequent irrigation (shorter irrigation interval) was greater, however the grain P and K uptakes were similar with the less frequent irrigation (longer irrigation interval), suggesting a lack of transfer from other tissues to grain. The transfer of nitrogen and all other major elements from other tissues to grain was greatest with single row bed with both irrigation intervals, suggesting grain yield might not have been affected by a greater N, P and K fertilizer application. A key to grain yield increase with a more frequent irrigation (shorter irrigation interval) might be using a limiting micronutrient, effective in major nutrients transfer to grain from the other plant tissues or a bed shaping method enhancing its uptake.  相似文献   

RESPONSE OF ALFALFA SEED YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS TO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZING SYSTEMS AND SEEDING RATE AT SEMI-SALINE SOIL CONDITIONS     

Ali Hosseinirad  Mohammad Reza Chaichi  Amir Sadeghpour 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):491-502

To study the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer (cow manure, phosphorus solublizing bacteria) and sowing density on seed production of alfalfa, an experiment was laid out in a three-replicated split-split plot design with four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha^?1) in main plots, three phosphorus-solublizing bacteria (9, 41strains, and no bacteria) in sub-plots and three sowing densities (2, 6 and 10 kg ha^?1) in sub-sub plots. The highest seed yield resulted from 60 and 90 kg P ha^?1. Application of bacteria strain 41 was more efficient than bacteria strain 9 in seed yield and 1000-seed weight. Seed yield at 6 seed kg ha^?1 treatment was higher than 10 kg ha^?1, although there was no significant difference between them. Based on the results of this experiment the triple application of P60, B41 and SD6 could be recommended as the best treatment for seed production of alfalfa (Cultivar ‘Nikshahri’) under the semi-saline condition.  相似文献