Evaluation of Experimental Transection and Partial Excision of the Caudal Cruciate Ligament in Dogs     

JOSEPH HARARI DVM  MS  ANN    L. JOHNSON DVM  MS  DipiomateACVS    LARRY E. STEIN PhD    STEPHEN K. KNELLER DVM  MS  DipiomateACVR  GERALD PIJANOWSKI DVM  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1987,16(2):151-154

The caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL) of one stifle joint in seven dogs was transected and a 2 to 4 mm section was removed. Six months after surgery, none of the dogs were lame. Thigh muscle circumference, stifle range of motion, and internal tibial rotation in the operated limb were not significantly different from the preoperative measurements or the contralateral, unoperated limb. A caudal drawer motion was consistently present in the stifle joints with a transected CaCL. A radiographic evaluation of the operated stifle joints did not reveal osteoarthritic changes; four of seven stifle joints had an irregular fat pad 6 months after surgery. Results of a joint fluid analysis revealed a slight increase in synovial cells within treated stifle joints; inflammatory cells were not observed. The only gross morphologic change in stifle joints with a severed ligament was enlarged knobby remnants of the CaCL. Articular cartilage defects or osteophytes were not observed. Results of a histologic examination of the CaCL remnants revealed synovial cellular capping and intraligamentous fibroplasia. Based on a limited number of dogs, it was concluded that isolated transection of the CaCL produced minimal clinical and pathologic changes in the stifle joint during a 6 month period.  相似文献   

An Open Patch-Graft Technique for Correction of Pulmonic Stenosis in the Dog     

E. CHRISTOPHER ORTON DVM  PhD  DiplomateACVs    KENNETH A. BRUECKER DVM  MS  THOMAS O. McCRACKEN MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(2):148-154

An open patch-graft technique for correction of pulmonic stenosis was performed in four dogs. A synthetic patch-graft was presutured to a partial-thickness incision in the right ventricular outflow tract and to the pulmonary artery along its cranial border. The pulmonary artery and right ventricle were incised during venous inflow occlusion, and dysplastic pulmonic valve leaflets were excised. The arteriotomy was closed by suturing the caudal margin of the incision to the patch-graft. The entire procedure was performed during mild hypothermia (30 degrees - 32 degrees C). The mean circulatory arrest time was 5.5 +/- 0.2 minutes. The mean systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve before surgery was 121 +/- 29 mm Hg; after surgery it was 9 +/- 2 mm Hg.  相似文献   

Measurement of vertical forces and temporal components of the strides of horses using instrumented shoes     

Marc H. Ratzlaff DVM  PhD  Martha L. Hyde PhD  Barrie D. Grant DVM  MS  Olin Balch DVM  MS  Patrick D. Wilson BS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1990,10(1)

Instrumented shoes were used to measure the vertical forces exerted by horses moving at a variety of gaits. Two types of shoes were used; one contained a single transducer positioned over the center of the frog and the second contained transducers located at the toe and both sides of the heel. Horses were shod with these instrumented shoes and walked and trotted over a force plate. Forces were simultaneously recorded from the transducers in the shoes and from the force plate. Comparisons were made between the amount and duration of the forces exerted on the transducers and the vertical and horizontal forces recorded from the force plate. Forces recorded from the single transducer shoes showed strong correlations with the forces recorded from the force plate for horses moving at the walk; however, at the trot only moderate correlations occurred between these forces. At both the walk and trot, forces recorded from each side of the heel and the total forces occurring on all three transducers from the front hooves of horses shod with three transducer shoes showed strong correlations to the vertical forces recorded from the force plate.Vertical forces were also recorded from the instrumented shoes as horses walked, trotted and galloped on a track straightaway. Forces recorded from normal horses shod with single transducer shoes on all four feet were greater on the forelimbs than the rear limbs at the walk and trot. At the gallop, forces were highest on the lead front followed by the nonlead front, lead rear and nonlead rearlimb, respectively. Forces recorded from a three transducer shoe on the right front hoof of a horse walking, trotting and galloping in a right lead were highest on the medial side of the heel and occurred during the middle of the support period. Peak forces on the toe occurred at or near the time of heel lift.The results of these studies indicate that these instrumented shoes have advantages over the methods previously used to measure locomotor forces. These instrumented shoes can be used to simultaneously record the temporal components and the amount and distribution of vertical forces exerted during consecutive strides of horses moving at a variety of gaits.  相似文献   

Effects of Acute Hyperventilation on Serum Potassium in the Dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WILLIAM W. MUIR III  DVM  PhD  DiplomateACVA  ANN E. WAGNER DVM  MS  CHERYL BUCHANAN MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(1):83-87

The effects of increasing respiratory rates on arterial pH, PaCO2, HCO3, and potassium (K) were measured in normal anesthetized dogs. Hyperventilation resulted in increased pH, decreased PaCO2, decreased HCO3, and decreased K compared with those parameters in spontaneously breathing dogs. The changes were related quantitatively: each 10 mmHg decrease in PaCO2 was associated with a pH increase of 0.1, a HCO3 decrease of 2.0 mEq/L, and a K decrease of 0.4 mEq/L. There were no cardiac arrhythmias or clinical signs of hypokalemia. After termination of hyperventilation, serum K was slower to return to control values than PaCO2. The ratio of the duration of hyperventilation to the time required for return of serum K to control was 0.67.  相似文献   

The Etiology and Surgical Management of Tracheal Collapse in Calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ROGER B. FINGLAND DVM  MS  DiplomateACVs    D. MICHAEL RINGS DVM  MS  DiplomateACVIM  JEROME G. VESTWEBER DVM  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(5):371-379

The mean ages of 10 calves with tracheal collapse were 2.7 weeks at onset of clinical signs and 9.4 weeks at presentation for treatment. Inspiratory and expiratory dyspnea and stunted growth were the most common clinical signs. There were abnormalities of the cranial ribs consistent with healing fractures with redundant callus in eight lateral thoracic radiographs. Tracheal collapse in calves may result from cranial thoracic trauma during or soon after birth. Short polypropylene ring prostheses made from 60 ml syringe barrels were placed on the tracheas of four calves with cervical tracheal collapse. There were cranial rib masses in all calves and resection of the right first and second ribs was necessary in one calf to allow placement of prostheses. Dyspnea was relieved in all calves. One calf died of unrelated causes in year 3, and one calf had recurrence of clinical signs at month 5 and was euthanatized. In both calves, tracheal stenosis resulted from continued growth and infolding of the trachea within the constraints of the prostheses. One calf was alive at month 11, and one calf died of acute bronchopneumonia on day 2. Removal of tracheal prostheses in calves is recommended after 2 to 3 months if clinical signs recur.  相似文献   

Intraoperative Monitoring of Ischiatic Nerve Function with Sensory Evoked Potentials     

SUZANNE E. THOMPSON DVM  MS    MICHAEL P. MOORE DVM  MS  DiplomateACVIM    JAMES D. LINCOLN DVM  MS    MYRON W. PERSON DVM  MS    DAVID D. BARBEE DVM  MS  DiplomateACVR  CHARLES D. BARNES PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(4):276-282

Serial recordings of sensory evoked potentials (SEP) generated in response to stimulation of each tibial nerve were obtained from 23 anesthetized dogs. Five dogs were anesthetized for 3 hours to evaluate changes in serial SEP during general anesthesia. Nonsurgical and surgical manipulations were performed on one hind limb of five dogs to determine the effects of limb positioning and nerve retraction on SEP. In 13 dogs, the ischiatic nerve was exposed surgically and retracted until the SEP deteriorated and disappeared, to determine the relationship between amount of tension on the nerve and the time to complete deterioration of the SEP. Sensory evoked potential waveforms, which consisted of two to five peaks, were stable throughout the anesthetic period. The first two peaks were the most stable. Latency of the first two peaks was the easiest and most reliable parameter to evaluate. Although the peak latency in recordings from the superior hind limb was always slightly longer, SEP recordings from the inferior limb were good controls to monitor nerve function. There was considerable variation in sensitivity to nerve retraction. The technique proved to be a reliable way to monitor nerve function in normal anesthetized dogs.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis in North America Based on Histologically Confirmed Cases     

R. Fayer PhD    I. G. Mayhew BVSc  PhD    J. D. Baird BVSc  PhD    S. G. Dill DVM    J. H. Foreman DVM  MS    J. C. Fox PhD    R. J. Higgins BVSc  MS  PhD    S. M. Reed DVM    W. W. Ruoff DVM  MS    R. W. Sweeney VMD  P. Tuttle DVM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1990,4(2):54-57

Following a workshop on equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) convened at the Veterinary Medical Forum of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine in 1988, this survey of EPM in North America was developed. It is based upon 364 histologically confirmed case records from California, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Texas up to 1988. The highest rate of infection was found in young Thoroughbred, Standardbred, and quarter horses. Differences in geographic location, sex, and month (season) of infection were not discernible. This report, the first comprehensive survey of EPM in North America, is intended to serve as a basis for evaluating future changes in prevalence and spread of EPM.  相似文献   

Responses of horses to a water deprivation test     

Duane F. Brobst DVM  PhD  Warwick M. Bayly BVSc  MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1982,2(2):51-56

An investigation was made to determine the effects of water deprivation induced dehydration on changes in urine specific gravity (Usg) and urine osmolality (Uosm) in 6 horses with normal renal function. In addition, the effects of dehydration on serum and urine urea nitrogen, creatinine and various electrolytes as well as the effects of dehydration on acid-base status were studied.Following water deprivation sufficient to produce 12–15% decrease in body weight, 95% of the normal horses should have a Usg of at least 1.042, a Uosm of 1310 mOsmg/kg and a urine osmolality/serum osmolality ratio of 4.14.After 72 hours of water deprivation, the mean weight loss was 13.5% of previous body weight. Serum and urine urea nitrogen concentrations increased by 68% and 130%, respectively, while plasma sodium and chloride concentrations increased by 10% and 14%, respectively. In contrast, urine chloride and calcium concentrations decreased by 90.8% and 52.5%, respectively. There was little change in plasma potassium, phosphorus or calcium concentrations. Urine sodium and potassium concentrations increased initially but were near normal after 72 hours of water deprivation. Azotemia developed and was considered to be of extrarenal origin on the basis of normal routine urinalysis and renal clearance ratio of sodium.  相似文献   

VERTEBRAL ANGIOMATOSIS IN A CAT     

Paul A.  Kloc II  MA  Peter V.  Scrivani  DVM  Stephen C.  Barr  BVSc.  MVS  PhD  Catherine J.  Reese  DVM  Eric J.  Trotter  DVM  MS  Thomas W.  Forest  DVM  Roy  Pool  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(1):42-45

  相似文献   

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF ORTHOTOPIC URETEROCELE IN A DOG     

Mitsuyoshi  Takiguchi  BVSc  MS  Jun  Yasuda  DVM  PhD  Kenji  Ochiai  DVM  PhD  Yutaka  Morita  DVM  Akira  Hashimoto  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(5):398-399

A three-year-old, intact male, Siberian husky was evaluated for a two day history of dysuria. Sonographically there was an anechoic cyst-like structure in the urinary bladder. The abnormality appeared to be a'cyst within a cyst', which is a characteristic ultrasonographic feature of ureterocele in humans. Ultrasonography may be a useful means of establishing a diagnosis of ureterocele in dogs.  相似文献