Resistance to avermectin/milbemycin anthelmintics in equine cyathostomins - current situation     

Molento MB  Nielsen MK  Kaplan RM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(1):16-24

Avermectins and milbemycins (AM) are potent compounds against all major nematode parasites, but their continuous usage has led to the development of widespread resistance in many of the important species of ruminant and equine parasites. The exception to this has been the cyathostomins, where AM resistance was recently first reported only after decades of drug exposure. Data from a Brazilian study suggests that AM resistance has developed in cyathostomins and reports of shortened egg reappearance periods after ivermectin treatment have been published recently from USA and Germany. Thus, AM resistance in cyathostomins is an emerging worldwide concern, but there is only limited amount data on the extent of this problem. To limit the development and spread of AM-resistant cyathostomins the equine industry must implement new strategies for worm control, and the veterinary parasitology community must develop and validate improved protocols for detecting anthelmintic resistance in the field.  相似文献   

Research and implementation of novel approaches for the control of nematode parasites in Latin America and the Caribbean: is there sufficient incentive for a greater extension effort?     

Torres-Acosta JF  Molento M  Mendoza de Gives P 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,186(1-2):132-142

The widespread presence of anthelmintic resistant gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in outdoor ruminant production systems has driven the need to identify and develop novel approaches for the control of helminths with the intention to reduce the dependence on commercial anthelmintic drugs. This paper identifies what has been done in Latin America (LA) in terms of estimating the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in ruminant production systems and the application of different novel approaches for the control of helminths in those systems, including research and extension activities. Firstly, the paucity of knowledge of AR is discussed in the context of different countries, as well as, the available economic resources for research, the technical infrastructure available and the practical difficulties of the production systems. It is then proposed that the search for novel approaches is not only driven by AR but also by the need for techniques that are feasible for application by resource-poor farmers in non-commercial subsistence farming systems. However, the commercial benefits of these approaches are often limited and so are funding inputs in most countries. The workers participating in the research into different novel approaches are identified as well as the different methods being studied in the different areas of LA according to their published results. In addition, the difficulties experienced during extension efforts to reach farmers and help them to adopt novel approaches for the control of parasitic nematodes in LA are discussed. The role of regulatory authorities in these countries is discussed as some methods of control might need an official confirmation of their efficacy as well as authorization prior to application as they may affect animal products (i.e. residues) and/or impose a hazard for animal welfare. The role of the pharmaceutical companies is also discussed.  相似文献   

IDENTIFICATION OF ARACHNOID CYSTS IN THE QUADRIGEMINAL CISTERN USING ULTRASONOGRAPHY     

Miyoko  Saito  DVM  Natasha J.  Olby  VET MB  PhD  Kathy  Spaulding  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(5):435-439

The ultrasonographic findings in three small breed dogs with intracranial arachnoid cysts are described. Ultrasound images were obtained via the foramen magnum, temporal window and persistent bregmatic fontanelle (when possible). In transverse, dorsal and sagittal transcranial ultrasound images there was marked dilation of the lateral ventricles and a well-defined, oval to triangular-shaped anechoic area between the caudal aspect of the occipital lobes, dorsal to the midbrain, and rostral to the cerebellum. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of concurrent hydrocephalus and an arachnoid cyst within the quadrigeminal cistern.  相似文献   

Endogenous Benzodiazepine Activity in the Peripheral and Portal Blood of Dogs With Congenital Portosystemic Shunts     

LILLIAN R. ARONSON VMD    REYNALDO C. GACAD MD    KRISTINE KAMINSKY-RUSS MS    CLARE R. GREGORY DVM  Dipiomate ACVS  KEVIN D. MULLEN MB  FRCPI 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(3):189-194

Objective- The purpose of this study was to determine whether an endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligand (EBZ) was present in the arterial and portal blood of dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS).
Study Design- The presence or absence of an EBZ was determined by the collection of systemic and portal blood from dogs with CPSS.
Animals- Fifteen client-owned dogs with a confirmed CPSS. All dogs had historical signs compatible with hepatic encephalopathy. Eight healthy dogs were used as controls.
Methods- In all dogs, systemic blood samples were collected after they were anesthetized. Portal blood samples were collected intraoperatively. EBZ was measured by radioreceptor assay.
Results- In 10 of 15 dogs, the portal blood concentration of EBZ was significantly elevated compared with normal dogs (mean, 13.2 ±18.55 ng/mL). Five dogs had elevated systemic blood EBZ levels (mean, 8.2 ±16.08 ng/mL). Eleven of 15 dogs had a higher portal than systemic blood concentration of EBZ. In contrast, control dogs had extremely low EBZ concentrations detected in their portal blood (mean, 0.16 ±0.3 ng/mL) and systemic blood (0 ng/mL). The mean portal and systemic blood concentrations in dogs with CPSS were significantly greater than in control dogs ( P <.05).
Conclusions- Elevated blood levels of EBZ were found in dogs with CPSS. The portosystemic gradient noted in 11 dogs suggests the gastrointestinal tract as a possible source for the endogenous ligand.
Clinical Relevance- Generalized motor seizures have been reported in dogs after surgical correction of CPSS. If the presence of a CPSS results in stimulation of brain receptors for benzodiazepines, post-CPSS ligation seizures may result from a withdrawal of EBZ after ligation of the portosystemic shunt.  相似文献   

TRUE DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN A CAT     

Andra K.  Voges  DVM  Scott  Bertrand  DVM  Richard C.  Hill  MA Vet MB  PhD  Lisa  Neuwirth  DVM  MS  Michael  Schaer  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(2):116-119

A report of a cat with a true diaphragmatic hernia in which only falciform fat had herniated is pressented. The lession was misinterpreted as a pulmonary mass. Additional radiographic studies which may have been of diagnostic benefit are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

Normal and abnormal sex, chromosomes and H-Y antigen     

C.R.E. Hainan MA VET. MB  PhD  FRCVS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1985,5(1):38-39

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Modelling the potential impact of exotic diseases on regional Australia     

MG GARNER  MB LACK 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(3):81-87

SUMMARY: Recent international initiatives for disease control suggest that, in the future, the consequences for trade of an exotic disease outbreak may not be as severe as estimated in the past. If zoning were to be accepted by Australia's trading partners, then the major effects may be felt at the regional rather than the national level. A study, using an integrated epidemiological/economic model, was undertaken to compare the impacts of 3 important exotic diseases (foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever and sheep pox) in 3 different regions of Australia. The study demonstrated that there are significant differences between the size and effect of different disease outbreaks. Regional factors influence not only the way that the disease will spread and manifest itself, but also the effects on local communities. Foot-and-mouth disease caused more economic losses than sheep pox or classical swine fever. The major determinant of differences in the effects of the diseases between regions was the nature of the regional economies. The less diversified the economy, the greater the effect of an exotic disease outbreak in relation to the size of that economy.  相似文献   

Cryptococcal meningitis in an alpaca   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LM GOODCHILD  AJ DART  MB COLLINS  CM DART  JL HODGSON  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(6):428-430

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Stem Cell–based Therapies for Bone Repair     

Peter I. Milner BVetMed  PhD  CertES  MRCVS  Peter D. Clegg MA  Vet MB  PhD  Matthew C. Stewart BVSc  MVetClinStud  PhD 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2011,27(2):299-314

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Raymond Greene: Physician, Mountaineer, and Raconteur     

George W. Rodway PhD  Victoria Gibbs BSc  Jeremy S. Windsor MB ChB 《The Forestry Chronicle》2011,22(3):270-276

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