Behavior of stabled horses provided continuous or intermittent access to drinking water     

McDonnell SM  Freeman DA  Cymbaluk NF  Schott HC  Hinchcliff K  Kyle B 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(11):1451-1456

OBJECTIVE: To compare quantitative measures and clinical assessments of behavior as an indication of psychologic well-being of stabled horses provided drinking water continuously or via 1 of 3 intermittent delivery systems. ANIMALS: 22 Quarter Horse (QH) or QH-crossbred mares and 17 Belgian or Belgian-crossbred mares (study 1) and 24 QH or QH-crossbred mares and 18 Belgian or Belgian-crossbred mares (study 2). PROCEDURE: Stabled horses were provided water continuously or via 1 of 3 intermittent water delivery systems in 2 study periods during a 2-year period. Continuous 24-hour videotaped samples were used to compare quantitative measures and clinical assessments of behavior among groups provided water by the various water delivery systems. RESULTS: All horses had clinically normal behavior. Significant differences in well being were not detected among groups provided water by the various delivery systems. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Various continuous and intermittent water delivery systems can provide adequately for the psychologic well-being of stabled horses.  相似文献   

Prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli among pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms with different in-feed medication policies in Ontario and British Columbia          下载免费PDF全文

Holy T. Akwar  Cornelis Poppe  Jeff Wilson  Richard J. Reid-Smith  Monica Dyck  Josh Waddington  Dayue Shang    Scott A. McEwen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(2):195-201

The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in pigs on farms that medicated swine ration and those that did not. A total of 940 isolates of Escherichia coli from 188 pooled fecal samples obtained from weaner and finisher pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish swine farms (34 farms used in-feed medication and 13 did not) were tested for susceptibility to 21 antimicrobials using a breakpoint concentration method. The prevalence of resistance varied widely (0.0% to 81.3%) among the antimicrobials tested. Ninety percent of all the isolates tested were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The most common multi-drug resistance patterns were to 2 to 6 antimicrobials. Resistance was significantly more frequent (P < 0.01) on farms that used in-feed medication compared to those that did not, and significantly more frequent (P < 0.01) in weaner pigs compared to finisher pigs. These findings indicate that resistance to a broad range of antimicrobials was prevalent among fecal E. coli isolates of pigs on study farms, and that this constitutes a potential reservoir for resistance genes that could spread to pathogens. The findings also provide further evidence that use of medication in swine rations provides selective pressure for antimicrobial resistance in E. coli in pigs.  相似文献   

Associations of antimicrobial uses with antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli from pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms in Ontario and British Columbia          下载免费PDF全文

Holy T Akwar  Cornelis Poppe  Jeff Wilson  Richard J Reid-Smith  Monica Dyck  Josh Waddington  Dayue Shang  Scott A McEwen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(2):202-210

This study assessed the associations between antimicrobial use and other management practices in pigs and antimicrobial resistance in generic Escherichia coli recovered from feces of weaner and finisher pigs on 39 purposefully selected farrow-to-finish farms in Ontario and 8 in British Columbia. Antimicrobials (n = 13), most frequently penicillins and tetracycline, wer dministered to different age groups of pigs on study farms through various routes of administration. Logistic regression was used to model risk factors to antimicrobial resistance in fecal E. coli of pigs for the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, apramycin, carbadox, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole). Use of antimicrobials in weaner pigs compared with use in finisher pigs was associated with resistance in most models. There was phenotypic evidence of different mechanisms of resistance selection, including direct selection [use of carbadox was associated with carbadox resistance (OR = 6.48)]; cross-resistance [use of spectinomycin was associated with streptomycin resistance (OR = 2.29)]; and possible co-selection [ceftiofu use was associated with tetracycline resistance (OR = 6.12)]. These results provide further evidence that use of antimicrobials in pigs selects for resistance among fecal E. coli within and between classes of antimicrobials.  相似文献   

Pinus sylvestris L., Die gemeine Kiefer     

Peter Karl Schott 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1904,26(11):587-606

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

PCR‐based prevalence of a fatal reovirus of the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun) along the northern Atlantic coast of the USA          下载免费PDF全文

E M Flowers  K Simmonds  G A Messick  L Sullivan  E J Schott 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(6):705-714

There is a need for more information on the relationship between diseases and fluctuations of wild populations of marine animals. In the case of Callinectes sapidus reovirus 1 (CsRV1, also known as RLV), there is a lack of baseline information on range, prevalence and outbreaks, from which to develop an understanding of population‐level impacts. An RT‐qPCR assay was developed that is capable of detecting 10 copies of the CsRV1 genome. In collaboration with state, federal and academic partners, blue crabs were collected from sites throughout the north‐eastern United States to assess the northern range of this pathogen. In addition, archived crab samples from the Chesapeake Bay were assessed for CsRV1 by RT‐qPCR and histology. PCR‐based assessments indicate that CsRV1 was present at all but one site. Prevalence of CsRV1 as assessed by RT‐qPCR was highly variable between locations, and CsRV1 prevalence varied between years at a given location. Mean CsRV1 prevalence as assessed by RT‐qPCR was >15% each year, and peak prevalence was 79%. The wide geographic range and highly variable prevalence of CsRV1 indicate that more study is needed to understand CsRV1 dynamics and the role the virus plays in blue crab natural mortality.  相似文献   

Minor lipid metabolic perturbations in the liver of Atlantic salmon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo salar</Emphasis> L.) caused by suboptimal dietary content of nutrients from fish oil     

Monica Sanden  Nina S. Liland  Øystein Sæle  Grethe Rosenlund  Shishi Du  Bente E. Torstensen  Ingunn Stubhaug  Bente Ruyter  Nini H. Sissener 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(5):1463-1480

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Temporal and spatial analysis of water quality in Saemangeum watershed using multivariate statistical techniques     

Nankya Monica  KyungSook Choi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2016,14(1):3-17

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Corrigendum: Survey on the prevalence of Rhizoctonia spp. in European soils and determination of the baseline sensitivity towards sedaxane          下载免费PDF全文

M. B. Goll  A. Schade‐Schütze  G. Swart  M. Oostendorp  J. J. Schott  B. Jaser  F. G. Felsenstein 《Plant pathology》2016,65(6):1044-1044

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Fusarium spp. Causing Dry Rot on Potatoes in Norway and Development of a Real-Time PCR Method for Detection of Fusarium coeruleum     

Pia Heltoft  May Bente Brurberg  Monica Skogen  Vinh Hong Le  Jafar Razzaghian  Arne Hermansen 《Potato Research》2016,59(1):67-80

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Genetic markers for CslF6 gene associated with (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan concentration in barley grain     

Aron T. Cory  Monica Båga  Anthony Anyia  Brian G. Rossnagel  Ravindra N. Chibbar 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

The amount of (1,3;1,4)-β-D glucan accumulated in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cell walls is an important consideration for grain end-use. One of the major genes responsible for (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan biosynthesis is HvCslF6, which was analyzed in this study to determine the allelic variation between low (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan (∼3.3%) cultivar CDC Bold and high β-glucan (∼5.2%) line TR251. The CDC Bold HvCslF6 allele showed 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two indels when genomic region downstream of the ATG start codon was compared to TR251 allele. Both indels added 16 nucleotides to HvCslF6 first intron of CDC Bold and a single SNP in the third exon altered alanine 590 codon in the CDC Bold sequence to a threonine codon in TR251 allele. Genetic markers were developed for five polymorphic sites and confirmed useful to select low and high β-glucan lines in a previously characterized CDC Bold/TR251 mapping population and a novel F₅ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a Merit/H93174006 (4.8 and 5.3% (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan) cross. An analysis of parental lines of six populations segregating for β-glucan concentration validated association between the TR251 HvCslF6 haplotype and high (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan concentration in populations showing a (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 7H.  相似文献