Nomadic beekeeper movements create the potential for widespread disease in the honeybee industry     

R Gordon  N Bresolin‐Schott  IJ East 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(8):283-290

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Severe hypertriglyceridaemia in horses and ponies with endocrine disorders     

B. Dunkel  S. A. Wilford  N. J. Parkinson  C. Ward  P. Smith  L. Grahame  T. Brazil  H. C. Schott II 《Equine veterinary journal》2014,46(1):118-122

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Genetic diversity in bread wheat, as revealed by coefficient of parentage and molecular markers, and its relationship to hybrid performance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Maria Corbellini  Maurizio Perenzin  Monica Accerbi  Patrizia Vaccino  Basilio Borghi 《Euphytica》2002,123(2):273-285

Variable results have been obtained in different crop species using geneticsimilarity (GS) estimates based on molecular markers and coefficient ofparentage (COP) to predict heterosis.This study was designed: i) to assess the level of GS among 40 breadwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars selected in Central and SouthEurope; ii) to compare GS with COP; iii) to correlate the estimates ofparental diversity with the heterotic effects detected on 149 F₁hybrids obtained by crossing the 40 cultivars according to three matingdesigns.The parental cultivars and the F₁ hybrids were grown in severallocations at normal seed density. Significant heterotic effects were detectedfor grain yield and other traits including quality attributes. The parentalcultivars were assayed for DNA polymorphisms using two classes ofmarkers: 338 RFLP and 200 AFLP^® bands were scored. GS estimates werecomputed considering each molecular marker set separately (GS_RFLP,GS_AFLP) and together (GS_TOT). Ample differentiation amongthe parental cultivars was detected with the two marker sets. Although theaverage GS_TOT (0.43) was higher than COP (0.10), the twomeasurements were significantly correlated (r = 0.36, p < 0.01).Correlations between the different estimates of genetic diversity andF₁ performance or mid parent heterosis for grain yield and otherrelated traits were in general low although statistically significant.A more detailed analysis was conducted on 28 F₁ hybridsproduced in a half diallel cross of eight parental cultivars characterized byhigh heterotic effects for grain yield. The GS estimates based on RFLP,AFLP^® markers and also on RAPD were partitioned into general andspecific components. Correlations with general and specific combiningability effects for the measured traits were in several cases statisticallysignificant but too low to be predictive and therefore exploitable in practicalbreeding.  相似文献   

Comparison of Biological Responses in Rats Under Various Cigarette Smoke Exposure Conditions     

Hiroyuki Tsuji  Hitoshi Fujimoto  Daiki Matsuura  Tomoki Nishino  K Monica Lee  Hiroyuki Yoshimura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):159-174

A variety of exposure regimens of cigarette smoke have been used in animal models of lung diseases. In this study, we compared biological responses of smoke exposure in rats, using different smoke concentrations (wet total particulate matter [WTPM]), daily exposure durations, and total days of exposure. As a range-finding acute study, we first compared pulmonary responses between SD and F344 strains after a single nose-only exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke or LPS. Secondly, F344 rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 or 13 weeks under the comparable daily exposure dose (WTPM concentration x daily exposure duration; according to Haber’s rule) but at a different WTPM concentration or daily exposure duration. Blood carboxylhemoglobin was increased linearly to the WTPM concentration, while urinary nicotine plus cotinine value was higher for the longer daily exposure than the corresponding shorter exposure groups. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was increased dose dependently after 2 and 13 weeks of cigarette smoke exposure, while the neutrophil content in BALF was not increased notably. Smoke-exposed groups showed reduced body weight gain and increased relative lung and heart weights. While BALF parameters and the relative lung weights suggest pulmonary responses, histopathological examination showed epithelial lesions mainly in the upper respiratory organs (nose and larynx). Collectively, the results indicate that, under the employed study design, the equivalent daily exposure dose (exposure concentration x duration) induces equivalent pulmonary responses in rats.  相似文献   

Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition: immunohistochemical investigation of related molecules in canine cutaneous epithelial tumours     

Laura Bongiovanni  Alessandra D’Andrea  Mariarita Romanucci  Daniela Malatesta  Melissa Candolini  Leonardo D. Salda  Luca Mechelli  Monica Sforna  Chiara Brachelente 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(1):195-e43

Background –  Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multistep process, important in tumour invasion and metastasis, characterized by loss of epithelial markers, redistribution of β‐catenin and gain of mesenchymal markers. Hyposthesis/Objectives –  Our aim was to investigate the immunohistochemical aberrant expression of cytokeratin, vimentin, survivin and heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in canine cutaneous epithelial tumours, to understand the association of expression of these molecules with features of malignancy and their role in the EMT phenotype. Methods –  Ten canine squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs; one with lymph node metastasis), 30 canine hair follicle tumours (six pilomatricomas, eight infundibular keratinizing acanthomas, six trichoepitheliomas and 10 trichoblastomas) and five normal skin samples were investigated by immunohistochemistry using specific anti‐vimentin, ‐cytokeratin, ‐survivin and ‐Hsp72 antibodies. A semi‐quantitative method was used to analyse the results, as follows: 0 to <5%; ≥5 to <10%; ≥10 to <25%; and ≥25% of positive cells. Immunofluorescence was performed to investigate survivin–vimentin and survivin–Hsp72 colocalization in selected SCCs. Results –  In malignant hair follicle tumours and SCCs, a reduced intensity of cytokeratin and increased survivin and Hsp72 expression were observed. In SCCs, loss of cytokeratin expression and vimentin immunolabelling, suggestive of the EMT phenotype, were evident in <5% of neoplastic cells in the front of tumour invasion. In the same areas, strong nuclear survivin and cytoplasmic Hsp72 staining was evident, often colocalizing. Only a few neoplastic cells in the front of tumour invasion showed vimentin–survivin colocalization. Conclusions and clinical importance –  A possible simultaneous involvement of survivin and Hsp72 in tumour invasion and the multistep process of EMT of cutaneous epithelial tumours of dogs is suggested.  相似文献   

Inhibition of Key Enzymes Linked to Obesity by Preparations From Mediterranean Dietary Plants: Effects on α-Amylase and Pancreatic Lipase Activities     

Mariangela Marrelli  Monica Rosa Loizzo  Marcello Nicoletti  Francesco Menichini  Filomena Conforti 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2013,68(4):340-346

One of the most important strategy in the treatment of obesity includes the development of nutrient digestion and absorption inhibitors. Inhibition of digestive enzymes is one of the most widely studied mechanisms used to determine the potential efficacy of natural products as hypolipidemic and hypoglycaemic agents. In vitro studies here reported were performed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of five species (as hydroalcoholic extracts) of edible plants from Calabria region (Italy) on amylase and lipase by monitoring the hydrolysis of p-NPC and the hydrolysis of glycoside bonds in digestible carbohydrate foods. The formulation obtained from Clematis vitalba L. exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase (IC₅₀?=?0.99 mg/ml) and on α-amylase (IC₅₀?=?31.52 μg/ml). In order to explore metabolome production HPTLC analysis of the extracts was performed, revealing the predominance of (±)-catechin, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in C. vitalba formulation at concentration of 23.18?±?3.14, 13.63?±?0.65 and 18.88?±?0.76 mg/g, respectively. GC/MS analysis was used to identify fatty acids and terpene composition.  相似文献   

New anthocyanidin and anthocyanin pigments from blue plumbago     

Skaar I  Jordheim M  Byamukama R  Mbabazi A  Wubshet SG  Kiremire B  Andersen OM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(6):1510-1515

Phytochemical investigations of blue plumbago ( Plumbago auriculata Poir. syn. Plumbago capensis Thunb.) flowers have led to the isolation of six new anthocyanins based on three new anthocyanidins with 5,7-dimethoxylated A-rings. Their structures were identified by 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry as the 3-O-β-galactopyranosides (1,2,4) and 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosides (3,5,6) of 5,7-dimethyldelphinidin, 5,7-dimethylpetunidin, and 5,7-dimethylmalvidin. Identification of 1-6 implies new structures for the previously reported anthocyanidins pulchellidin, europinidin, and capensinidin to be 5,7-dimethoxy-3,3',4',5'-tetrahydroxyflavylium, 5,7,3'-trimethoxy-3,4',5'-trihydroxyflavylium, and 5,7,3',5'-tetramethoxy-3,4'-dihydroxyflavylium cations, respectively. The anthocyanins (0.4 mg/g flowers) were accompanied by the dihydroflavonol taxifolin 3'-O-β-glucopyranoside (1.4 mg/g) and the flavonols 5-methylquercetin 3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (8.8 mg/g) and 5-methylquercetin (0.4 mg/g). The anthocyanins 1-6 are the first reported natural anthocyanins with no free hydroxyl groups in their 5- and 7-positions on their A-rings. They have thus no possibility of forming the tautomeric quinonoidal bases (anhydrobases), which are related to the free hydroxyl groups in the 5- and 7-positions of previously reported anthocyanins. The genes behind the 5,7-dimethoxylated anthocyanins might be useful for making anthocyanins with special properties (colors, etc.).  相似文献   

Supporting operational site‐specific fertilization in rice cropping systems with infield smartphone measurements and Sentinel-2 observations     

Nutini  Francesco  Confalonieri  Roberto  Paleari  Livia  Pepe  Monica  Criscuolo  Laura  Porta  Francesco  Ranghetti  Luigi  Busetto  Lorenzo  Boschetti  Mirco 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(4):1284-1303

Precision Agriculture - Due to the low efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers in flooded rice paddies, there is a rising demand for tools able to detect crop nitrogen status in space and time to allow...  相似文献   

Role of C. elegans TAT-1 protein in maintaining plasma membrane phosphatidylserine asymmetry     

Darland-Ransom M  Wang X  Sun CL  Mapes J  Gengyo-Ando K  Mitani S  Xue D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5875):528-531

The asymmetrical distribution of phospholipids on the plasma membrane is critical for maintaining cell integrity and physiology and for regulating intracellular signaling and important cellular events such as clearance of apoptotic cells. How phospholipid asymmetry is established and maintained is not fully understood. We report that the Caenorhabditis elegans P-type adenosine triphosphatase homolog, TAT-1, is critical for maintaining cell surface asymmetry of phosphatidylserine (PS). In animals deficient in tat-1, PS is abnormally exposed on the cell surface, and normally living cells are randomly lost through a mechanism dependent on PSR-1, a PS-recognizing phagocyte receptor, and CED-1, which contributes to recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells. Thus, tat-1 appears to function in preventing appearance of PS in the outer leaflet of plasma membrane, and ectopic exposure of PS on the cell surface may result in removal of living cells by neighboring phagocytes.  相似文献   

Drug target identification using side-effect similarity     

Campillos M  Kuhn M  Gavin AC  Jensen LJ  Bork P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5886):263-266

Targets for drugs have so far been predicted on the basis of molecular or cellular features, for example, by exploiting similarity in chemical structure or in activity across cell lines. We used phenotypic side-effect similarities to infer whether two drugs share a target. Applied to 746 marketed drugs, a network of 1018 side effect-driven drug-drug relations became apparent, 261 of which are formed by chemically dissimilar drugs from different therapeutic indications. We experimentally tested 20 of these unexpected drug-drug relations and validated 13 implied drug-target relations by in vitro binding assays, of which 11 reveal inhibition constants equal to less than 10 micromolar. Nine of these were tested and confirmed in cell assays, documenting the feasibility of using phenotypic information to infer molecular interactions and hinting at new uses of marketed drugs.  相似文献