The effects of ration size on migration by hatchery‐raised Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta)     

Linnea Lans  Larry A. Greenberg  Jens Karlsson  Olle Calles  Monika Schmitz  Eva Bergman 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(4):548-557

Abstract – The possibility to increase the proportion of migrating hatchery‐reared smolts by reducing their food ration was studied. Lake‐migrating, hatchery‐reared salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salmo trutta) smolts were either fed normal rations, based on recommendations from the fish‐farming industry, or reduced (15–20%) rations. They were released into the River Klarälven, western Sweden, and followed as they swam downstream to Lake Vänern, a distance of around 25 km. For both Atlantic salmon and brown trout, smolts fed a reduced ration migrated faster than fish fed a normal ration. Furthermore, a higher proportion of salmon smolts fed reduced rations migrated to the lake than fish fed normal rations in 2007 but not in 2006. This difference between years corresponded to greater treatment differences in size and smolt status in 2007 than in 2006. For trout, the proportion of migrating individuals and smolt development did not differ with ration size. Trout migrants fed a normal ration had a higher standard metabolic rate (SMR) than nonmigrants, whereas there was no difference in SMR between migrating and nonmigrating salmon. These results show that it is possible to use a reduced food ration to increase the migration speed of both Atlantic salmon and brown trout and to increase the proportion of migrating Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

Untersuchungen zum Einfluß genetischer Faktoren auf die Schädigung der Weißtanne     

Monika Konnert 《European Journal of Forest Research》1993,112(1):20-26

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Myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) as a marker antigen of central nervous system contaminations for routine food control     

Villmann C  Sandmeier B  Seeber S  Hannappel E  Pischetsrieder M  Becker CM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(17):7114-7123

Spreading transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) have been widely attributed to transmission by ingestion of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Reliable exclusion of this epidemiological important route of transmission relies on an effective surveillance of food contamination. Here, myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) is identified as a specific and largely heat-resistant marker for detection of food contaminations by CNS tissue. PLP is a component of oligodendritic glial sheaths of neuronal processes that is specifically expressed in the CNS. A highly selective polyclonal antibody was developed directed against an epitope present in the full-length PLP protein, but absent from the developmentally regulated splice variant DM-20. In combination with a hydrophobic extraction of PLP from tissue samples, the antibody reliably detected PLP from spinal cord, cerebellum, and cortex of different mammalian species. Consistent with earlier reports on PLP expression, no cross-reactivity was observed with peripheral nerve or extraneural tissue, except for a very faint signal obtained with heart. When applied to an artificial CNS contamination present in sausages, the antibody reliably detected a low concentration (1%) of the contaminant. Application of heat, as used during conventional sausage manufacturing, led to a predominant alteration of arginine residues in the PLP protein and a partial loss of immunoreactivity. In contrast, a stretch of hydrophilic amino acids(112-122) proved to be heat-resistant, preserving the immunogenicity of this PLP epitope during heating. Taken together, the excellent CNS specificity of PLP immunodetection and the presence of a heat-resistant epitope have permitted the development of a highly sensitive immunoassay for CNS contamination in routine food control.  相似文献   

Bilateral radial hemimelia and multiple malformations in a kitten     

Pisoni L  Cinti F  Del Magno S  Joechler M 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(8):598-602

Hemimelia is a congenital disease of complete or partial absence of one or more bones. The most important hypothesis is that radial agenesis is a consequence of neural crest injury. Treatment selection depends on the degree of the deformity and the reduction of limb function. This report describes a case of bilateral radial hemimelia and multiple malformations in a kitten aged 2 months treated conservatively with splint bandage, until bone maturity. The re-evaluation was performed 4 years later.  相似文献   

Retrospective evaluation of neurotoxic rattlesnake envenomation in dogs and cats: 34 cases (2005–2010)     

Tracy M. Julius DVM  Monika K. Kaelble DVM  DACVECC  Elizabeth B. Leech MVB  MRCVS  DACVECC  Kimberly L. Boyle DVM  Erika J. Strandberg MS  Monica C. Clare VMD  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(4):460-469

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Gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Petra Borska  Martin Faldyna  Jan Blatny  Lenka Leva  Monika Vejrostova  Jaroslav Doubek    Peter F. Moore 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2009,50(4):411-416

A 15-month-old dachshund was presented for examination because of a cough. Thoracic radiographs revealed the presence of a mass in the upper mediastinum. A diagnosis of γδ T-cell lymphoma was made by biopsy and flow cytometry analysis. The dog was treated with chemotherapy and remains asymptomatic after 24 months.  相似文献   

Micropollutant Degradation in Wastewater Treatment: Experimental Parameter Estimation for an Extended Biokinetic Model     

Monika Schoenerklee  Momtchil Peev  Heleen De Wever  Stefan Weiss  Thorsten Reemtsma 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,206(1-4):69-81

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The apparent electrical conductivity as a surrogate variable for predicting earthworm abundances in tilled soils     

Monika Joschko  Robin Gebbers  Dietmar Barkusky  Jens Timmer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(4):584-590

Noninvasive geophysical methods have a great potential for improving soil‐biological studies at field or regional scales: they enable the rapid acquisition of soil information which may help to identify potential habitats for soil biota. A precondition for this application is the existence of close relationships between geophysical measurements and the soil organism of interest. This study was conducted to determine whether field measurements of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) are related to abundances of earthworms in tilled soils. Relationships between ECa and earthworm populations were investigated along transects at 42 plots under reduced and conventional tillage at a 74 ha field on sandy‐loam soil in NE Germany. Relations were analyzed with linear‐regression and spatial analysis. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was quantitatively related to earthworm abundances sampled 5 months after the geophysical measurements. No relationship was found, however, in plots under conventional tillage when analyzed separately. If earthworm abundances were known at every other location along the transects and if the state‐space approach was used for analysis, the analysis of ECa measurements and earthworm abundances indicated that 50% of the earthworm samples could have been substituted by ECa measurements. Further research is needed to fully evaluate the potential of ECa measurements for predicting earthworm habitats in tilled soil.  相似文献   

Pentapeptide Any-GS Blocks Antinociceptive Effect of Poneratoxin in Rats     

Monika Rykaczewska-Czerwifiska  Piotr Oles  Danuta Konopifiska  Adam Sipifiski  Andrzej Plech 《农业科学与技术》2012,(5):702-708

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Prevalence and radiologic and histologic appearance of vesicourachal diverticula in dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract disease     

Groesslinger K  Tham T  Egerbacher M  Lorinson D 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(3):383-386

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence and radiologic and histologic appearance of vesicourachal diverticula in dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract disease. DESIGN: Original study. ANIMALS: 50 dogs between 4 months and 17 years old representing 22 breeds that had been euthanatized for unrelated reasons; none of the dogs had a history or clinical signs of urinary tract disease. PROCEDURE: Retrograde positive-contrast radiography was performed, and radiographs were examined for macroscopic diverticula. Necropsy specimens from the urinary bladder vertex were examined by means of light microscopy for diverticula and signs of inflammation. RESULTS: 17 of the 50 (34%) dogs had vesicourachal diverticula, and 1 additional dog had a urachal cyst. Fifteen of the 17 diverticula were macroscopic; surface area of the diverticulum could be measured radiographically in 13 of these dogs and ranged from 1 to 90 mm2. The remaining 2 diverticula were microscopic. Sixteen diverticula were intramural and 1 was extramural. Light microscopic signs of bladder wall inflammation could be detected in 5 dogs, 4 of which had macroscopic diverticula. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that a high percentage of dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract disease may have vesicourachal [corrected] diverticula. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of vesicourethral diverticula in dogs.  相似文献