Therapeutic effectiveness of calcineurin inhibitors in canine vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus          下载免费PDF全文

Frane Banovic  David Robson  Monika Linek  Thierry Olivry 《Veterinary dermatology》2017,28(5):493-e115

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Identifying obstacles and ranking common biological control research priorities for Europe to manage most economically important pests in arable,vegetable and perennial crops          下载免费PDF全文

Jay Ram Lamichhane  Monika Bischoff‐Schaefer  Sylvia Bluemel  Silke Dachbrodt‐Saaydeh  Laure Dreux  Jean‐Pierre Jansen  Jozsef Kiss  Jürgen Köhl  Per Kudsk  Thibaut Malausa  Antoine Messéan  Philippe C Nicot  Pierre Ricci  Jérôme Thibierge  François Villeneuve 《Pest management science》2017,73(1):14-21

EU agriculture is currently in transition from conventional crop protection to integrated pest management (IPM). Because biocontrol is a key component of IPM, many European countries recently have intensified their national efforts on biocontrol research and innovation (R&I), although such initiatives are often fragmented. The operational outputs of national efforts would benefit from closer collaboration among stakeholders via transnationally coordinated approaches, as most economically important pests are similar across Europe. This paper proposes a common European framework on biocontrol R&I. It identifies generic R&I bottlenecks and needs as well as priorities for three crop types (arable, vegetable and perennial crops). The existing gap between the market offers of biocontrol solutions and the demand of growers, the lengthy and expensive registration process for biocontrol solutions and their varying effectiveness due to variable climatic conditions and site‐specific factors across Europe are key obstacles hindering the development and adoption of biocontrol solutions in Europe. Considering arable, vegetable and perennial crops, a dozen common target pests are identified for each type of crop and ranked by order of importance at European level. Such a ranked list indicates numerous topics on which future joint transnational efforts would be justified. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Regionalizing soil properties in a catchment of the Bavarian Alps     

Monika Hofmann  Stefan Engelhardt  Bernd Huwe  Christine Stumpp 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(6):597-608

Regionalizing information on soil hydraulic properties is a fundamental task for solving many soil related ecological problems at the landscape scale. The objective of this study was to derive this information from readily available topographical and geological data for the watershed of the Halbammer (42 km²) in the Bavarian Alps. The database consisted of 297 profiles taken during a 1 month field survey in summer 2001 and the topographical and geological maps (1:25,000) of the area. Soil profiles were grouped into six pedogenetic units taking into account the water regime of the profile and its texture. Another classification was done that relied only on texture and bedrock material as to describe the soil hydrological properties independently from their position in the landscape. In order to regionalize these classes, the tree based CART-Algorithm was used. This algorithm creates optimal classification trees based on a classified training sample and available parameters. The decision rules of these trees then served as basis for the derivation of soil maps that were created using the geographical information system ArcGIS 9.2. The accuracy of the regionalization was estimated using mathematical criteria as well as human expertise. Six to ten units proved to be a good number concerning the available data, but even then not all of them could be separated by CART. The performance of the CART algorithm is measured by the decrease of the misclassification error of an optimally pruned classification tree. In our study, the decrease of the misclassification reached 32 resp. 26% compared to a uniform classification of all data into the most frequent soil unit. The distributions of soil classes in the terminal nodes of the classification trees were useful for the interpretation of the soil units in the maps’ legends and also helped to identify typical soil patterns in the study area. According to these results, CART seems to be a suitable tool for regionalizing soil-related data, but human expertise is still needed to create plausible soil maps out of the information the CART algorithm provides.  相似文献   

Edwardsiellosis in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Jiří Řehulka  Monika Marejková  Petr Petráš 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(11):1628-1634

Edwardsiella tarda was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in raceway culture on a commercial fish farm where the fish were kept at a density of 110 kg m^?3 and at a water temperature of 14°C and with a photoperiod of 13 h light:11 h dark. The clinical signs of diseased fish (150 ± 20 mm standard length) were anorexia and lethargy. The most striking lesions in the fish were in the liver. There were hyperaemia and haemorrhages; on histopathological examination, the liver displayed inflammatory infiltrate in portal area, focal necrosis, dilatation of blood sinus and activation of sinusoidal cells. Infection experiments, performed 2 years after isolation of the original culture of E. tarda, were carried out under laboratory conditions at water temperatures of 15, 18 or 24°C. All experimental fish (common carp, Prussian carp, tench), intraperitoneally injected with 8 × 10⁶ cells, demonstrated a total resistance to E. tarda.  相似文献   

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli isolated from symbovine flies, cattle and sympatric insectivorous house martins from a farm in the Czech Republic (2006-2007)     

Jana Ryba?íková  Monika Dolejská  Ivan Literák 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(2):179-183

The prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli was tested in symbovine flies and sympatric house martins (Delichon urbica) at a dairy farm. Antimicrobial resistant E. coli was detected in 89% (n = 147) of isolates from flies within a calf barn. Isolates with the same antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, genes, and pulsotypes were found between both fly and calf E. coli isolates, suggesting that the calves were the initial source of the antimicrobial resistant strains in fly isolates. Symbovine flies were considered as important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant E. coli strains at a dairy farm, due to their intensive contact with cattle feces and manure. House martin fecal samples from the same farm contained 4.5% (n = 393) of antimicrobial resistant E. coli. House martin isolates displayed different macrorestriction profiles than fly isolates and the significance of house martins as a reservoir and vector of antimicrobial resistant E. coli appears low.  相似文献   

Relationship between aggressiveness of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stagonospora </Emphasis>sp. isolates on field and hedge bindweeds,and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> production of fungal metabolites cercosporin,elsinochrome A and leptosphaerodione     

Monday?O.?Ahonsi  Monika?Maurhofer  Désirée?Boss  Geneviève?DéfagoEmail author 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,111(3):203-215

Stagonospora convolvuli LA39, an effective biocontrol agent of Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) and Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed) produces phytotoxic metabolites leptosphaerodione and elsinochrome A. Stagonospora isolate 214Caa produces the toxin cercosporin. If toxic metabolite production is not linked to the pathogenic ability of the fungus on bindweeds, selection of aggressive strains with limited or no production of the metabolites would reduce any perceived risk of using strains of the fungus as a mycoherbicide. Therefore, 30 isolates of Stagonospora sp. including LA39 and 214Caa were characterised for aggressiveness on both bindweeds, and production of the three metabolites. Nine isolates were more aggressive than LA39 on both bindweeds. Classification of isolates based on metabolite type agreed largely with previous similar characterisation based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA. Cercosporin producers produced neither leptosphaerodione nor elsinochrome A and together with isolates that produce none of the three metabolites, were less pathogenic on bindweeds. Conversely, there was a positive correlation between elsinochrome A and leptosphaerodione production, and each was positively correlated with aggressiveness of isolates on both bindweeds. Generally, any isolate where elsinochrome A was not detected was not aggressive on any of the two bindweeds. This probably implies that selecting elsinochrome A-negative, but aggressive Stagonospora strain(s) may be difficult. However, aggressive isolates may not produce elsinochrome A in planta at levels that could constitute any risk in the environment. In a preliminary attempt to determine the levels of elsinochrome A and leptosphaerodione produced in diseased bindweeds, none of the toxins was detected in Stagonospora infected bindweed leaves. Detailed investigation focusing on the detection and quantification of in planta production of elsinochrome A by Stagonospora isolates, and determination of the fate of elsinochrome A in the environment, and its relationship with leptosphaerodione may be essential. Similarly, development of molecular tools to monitor the mycoherbicide following field application is vital.  相似文献   

Effects of cyclosporine A on clinical and histologic abnormalities in dogs with sebaceous adenitis     

Linek M  Boss C  Haemmerling R  Hewicker-Trautwein M  Mecklenburg L 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(1):59-64

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of cyclosporine A in the treatment of sebaceous adenitis in dogs. DESIGN: Open-label clinical trial. ANIMALS: 12 dogs with sebaceous adenitis. PROCEDURE: Dogs were treated with cyclosporine A at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/d (2.3 mg/lb/d), PO, for 12 months and reevaluated every 4 months. A clinical score was calculated by grading the extent of alopecia and severity of follicular casts as absent, mild, moderate, or severe in each of 17 body regions. Biopsy specimens were obtained and examined histologically and by means of immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Mean clinical score was significantly decreased, compared with baseline score, after 4 months of treatment and remained low after 8 and 12 months. Histologically, the severity of inflammation was significantly decreased, as were numbers of macrophages, CD3+ T cells, and major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing cells. The percentage of hair follicles with sebaceous glands increased, suggesting regeneration of sebaceous glands. Clinical signs recurred when cyclosporine administration was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of cyclosporine A at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/d may reduce the inflammation associated with sebaceous adenitis in dogs. Long-term treatment appears to be neccessary to control the disease.  相似文献   

Influence of estrus synchronization of prepubertal gilts on embryo quality   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ziecik AJ  Biallowicz M  Kaczmarek M  Demianowicz W  Rioperez J  Wasielak M  Bogacki M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(3):379-384

Synchronization and superovulation are commonly used to obtain large numbers of embryos for experimental and practical purposes. This study compared the number, quality, and in vitro development of embryos recovered from gilts following single or double estrus synchronization and superovulation. Prepubertal gilts from the single synchronization group were injected with 1500 I.U. PMSG and 1000 I.U. hCG 72 h later. The double synchronized group of gilts was treated with 750 I.U. PMSG and 500 I.U. hCG 72 h later. After 17 days, 1500 I.U. PMSG followed by 1000 I.U. hCG was administered. Five days after insemination embryos were recovered and cultured for 6 days. Both single and double hormonal stimulation schedules resulted in recovery of elevated numbers of embryos (28.4 and 23.4 vs. 11.3; p<0.01 and p相似文献   

Three-dimensional motion pattern of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral column of dogs     

Benninger MI  Seiler GS  Robinson LE  Ferguson SJ  Bonél HM  Busato AR  Lang J 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(5):544-551

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 3-dimensional motion pattern including main and coupled motions of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral column of dogs. ANIMALS: Vertebral columns of 9 German Shepherd Dogs (GSDs) and 16 dogs of other breeds with similar body weights and body conditions. PROCEDURE: Main and coupled motions of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral column (L4 to S1) were determined by use of a testing apparatus that permitted precise application of known pure moments to the vertebral column. Motion was compared between GSDs and dogs of other breeds. RESULTS: All specimens had a similar motion pattern consisting of main motion and a certain amount of coupled motion including translation. Vertebral columns of GSDs had significantly less main motion in all directions than that of dogs of other breeds. Translation was similar in GSDs and dogs of other breeds and was smallest at the lumbosacral motion segment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that motion in the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral column of dogs is complex and provided a basis for further studies evaluating abnormal vertebral columns.  相似文献   

Immune response in mice infected by Encephalitozoon cuniculi and suppressed by dexamethasone     

Valencáková A  Halánová M  Bálent P  Dvoroznáková E  Jamborová E  Lesník F  Neuschl J  Páleník L  Cisláková L 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2004,52(1):61-69

Several indicators of immune response were observed in immunocompetent mice of the ICR line and those suppressed by dexamethasone upon their experimental infection with the microsporidia of Encephalitozoon cuniculi. The mice were infected by one-shot intraperitoneal administration of 5 x 10(7) pathogenic spores. On Days 7, 14, 28 and 42 after infection, peripheral blood leukocyte phagocytic activity was determined and compared, including phagocytic index and the blastogenic response in spleen cells to mitogenic activation by concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin. The results point to the fact that E. cuniculi itself can cause a significant decrease in phagocytic activity of phagocytic leukocytes in the early stages of infection as well as a remarkable decrease in the proliferative response of spleen cells to T-cellular mitogens.  相似文献