Genetic Mapping of QTLs for Tissue-Culture Response in Plants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hanna Bolibok  Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):73-83

Summary Plant regeneration from cultured tissues has been shown to be under genetic control in a number of plant species. Using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping technology, it has become possible to estimate the number of loci controlling genetic variation and to characterize their map position in the genome. With the use of different types of mapping populations such as recombinant inbred lines (RIL), F2 or doubled haploids (DH) it was possible to detect QTLs for tissue culture response (TCR). For the evaluation of TCR numerous parameters describing induction and regeneration steps were applied. However, the lack of consistency with respect to parameters used by different researchers sometimes makes comparisons between QTL studies complicated. Another problem frequently present in works dealing with QTLs for TCR is skewed distributions of the traits used for evaluating tissue culture capability, usually interpreted as the indication of a presence of major genes. The majority of QTL analyses of TCR-traits were conducted with monocots – rice, barley and maize. The number of QTLs detected for a particular characteristic of tissue culture capability ranged from 1 to 8. The percentage of phenotypic variation explained by a single QTL varied from 2.7 to 65.4%, with the values between ca. 6 and ca. 26 % being more common. Determination of molecular markers linked to a QTL of TCR provides valuable tools for biotechnological approaches aimed at improving plant regeneration capability.  相似文献   

Persistent infections after natural transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus from cattle to goats and among goats     

Claudia Bachofen  Hans-Rudolf Vogt  Hanspeter Stalder  Tanja Mathys  Reto Zanoni  Monika Hilbe  Matthias Schweizer  Ernst Peterhans 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):32

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen of cattle worldwide. Infection of a pregnant animal may lead to persistent infection of the foetus and birth of a persistently infected (PI) calf that sheds the virus throughout its life. However, BVD viruses are not strictly species specific. BVDV has been isolated from many domesticated and wild ruminants. This is of practical importance as virus reservoirs in non-bovine hosts may hamper BVDV control in cattle. A goat given as a social companion to a BVDV PI calf gave birth to a PI goat kid. In order to test if goat to goat infections were possible, seronegative pregnant goats were exposed to the PI goat. In parallel, seronegative pregnant goats were kept together with the PI calf. Only the goat to goat transmission resulted in the birth of a next generation of BVDV PI kids whereas all goats kept together with the PI calf aborted. To our knowledge, this is the first report which shows that a PI goat cannot only transmit BVD virus to other goats but that such transmission may indeed lead to the birth of a second generation of PI goats. Genetic analyses indicated that establishment in the new host species may be associated with step-wise adaptations in the viral genome. Thus, goats have the potential to be a reservoir for BVDV. However, the PI goats showed growth retardation and anaemia and their survival under natural conditions remains questionable.  相似文献   

Effects of conventionally bred and <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Bt</Emphasis>) maize varieties on soil microbial biomass and activity     

Andreas Fließbach  Monika Messmer  Bruno Nietlispach  Valentina Infante  Paul Mäder 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(3):315-324

Genetically modified (GM) maize containing genes from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was cultivated on 29% of the total maize production area worldwide in 2009. Most studies to date compare Bt-maize varieties with their near isogenic lines; however, there is little information on the variability of conventional maize breeding lines and how the effects of Bt varieties are ranked within. In our study on the potential risks of Bt-maize varieties, we analyzed tissue quality and compared the effects of ten conventional and GM maize varieties on soil microbiological properties in a replicated climate chamber experiment. All maize varieties were cultivated twice in the same soil microcosm. Shoot yields and soluble C in leaf tissue of Bt varieties were higher than the ones of non-Bt. Soil dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 5% under Bt varieties compared to non-Bt, while most of the other soil microbial properties (soil microbial biomass, basal respiration) showed no significant differences between Bt and non-Bt varieties. The leaves and roots of one Bt variety were decomposed to a greater extent than the ones of its near isogenic line; the conventional breeding lines also showed higher values. Changes in crop and soil parameters were found when comparing the first and the second crops, but the effects of repeated cropping were the same for all tested varieties. For the studied parameters, the variation among non-Bt-maize varieties was similar to the difference between Bt and non-Bt varieties.  相似文献   

Thermally induced degradation of sulfur-containing aliphatic glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and model systems     

Hanschen FS  Platz S  Mewis I  Schreiner M  Rohn S  Kroh LW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(9):2231-2241

Processing reduces the glucosinolate (GSL) content of plant food, among other aspects due to thermally induced degradation. Since there is little information about the thermal stability of GSL and formation of corresponding breakdown products, the thermally induced degradation of sulfur-containing aliphatic GSL was studied in broccoli sprouts and with isolated GSL in dry medium at different temperatures as well as in aqueous medium at different pH values. Desulfo-GSL have been analyzed with HPLC-DAD, while breakdown products were estimated using GC-FID. Whereas in the broccoli sprouts structural differences of the GSL with regard to thermal stability exist, the various isolated sulfur-containing aliphatic GSL degraded nearly equally and were in general more stable. In broccoli sprouts, methylsulfanylalkyl GSL were more susceptible to degradation at high temperatures, whereas methylsulfinylalkyl GSL were revealed to be more affected in aqueous medium under alkaline conditions. Besides small amounts of isothiocyanates, the main thermally induced breakdown products of sulfur-containing aliphatic GSL were nitriles. Although they were most rapidly formed at comparatively high temperatures under dry heat conditions, their highest concentrations were found after cooking in acidic medium, conditions being typical for domestic processing.  相似文献   

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Acute High Altitude Illness: A Case Report     

Flavia Wipplinger  Niels Holthof  Jasmin Lienert  Anastasia Budowski  Monika Brodmann Maeder  Didier Moens 《The Forestry Chronicle》2021,32(2):204-209

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Science communication. Interactions with the mass media     

Peters HP  Brossard D  de Cheveigné S  Dunwoody S  Kallfass M  Miller S  Tsuchida S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5886):204-205

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The structure of microbial communities in redoximorphic microsites of Gleysol     

Ekaterina Samoilova  Václav Tejnecký  Jan Kopecky  Ondřej Drábek  Adam Stovicek  Petra Vokurková  Daria Rapoport  Karel Němeček  Andrea Buresova-Faitova  Rostislav Chotěborský  Tereza Patrmanová  Monika Hromasová  Marketa Sagova-Mareckova 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(3):e13369

Microbial communities were studied in redoximorphic microsites of highly heterogeneous Gleysol at a mm scale using 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing to demonstrate if the composition of soil microbes reflects the differences in ferric and ferrous micro-sites. In both explored gley horizons with redoximorphic features (Bg2 and Cg), ferric mottles were significantly enriched with total P and Fe and depleted of O, Si, Al, K and Ca compared with the adjacent ferrous groundmass (SEM–EDS). Ferric mottles were determined as Fe oxide coatings and hypocoatings. In Bg2, both prokaryotic and micro-eukaryotic communities differed significantly between mottles and groundmass in composition of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and in proportions of phyla, reflecting heterogeneities in the soil properties there. Mottles in Bg2 were characterized by increased proportion of Proteobacteria, decreased proportion of Acidobacteriota among prokaryotes and by dominance of a single proteobacterial OTU from Anaplasmataceae compared to all other samples. The composition of micro-eukaryotes showed an opposite trend, as micro-eukaryotes of Bg2 groundmass were unique among the other horizons, while micro-eukaryotes of Bg2 mottles had similar composition to neighbouring horizons. Microbial communities of adjacent samples were not more similar to each other than communities of randomly selected ones in Bg2 horizon. That suggests that at mm scale, the sample distance does not represent the driving factor of microbial community composition and that the adjacent samples differ rather due to physicochemical factors. The spatial organization of microbial communities revealed in Bg2 has not reappeared in similarly organized Cg horizon, probably due to other overriding factors. The differences revealed between Bg2 and Cg horizons, including granulometric composition, content of crystalline Fe, exchangeable Al, and organic carbon, as well as exposition to groundwater, were discussed as possible reasons of the distinct organization in Cg. The similarity of pro−/eukaryotic communities of adjacent and non-adjacent couples suggests no distance decay pattern at a mm scale. The agreement between patchiness in soil properties and microbial communities was revealed for the first time and confirms the importance of microscale patterns in soil.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary supplementation of nickel and nickel-zinc on femoral bone structure in rabbits     

Monika Martiniaková  Radoslav Omelka  Birgit Grosskopf  Hana Chovancová  Peter Massányi  Peter Chrenek 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):52

Background

Nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) are trace elements present at low concentrations in agroecosystems. Nickel, however, may have toxic effects on living organisms and is often considered as a contaminant. This study reports the effect of peroral administrated Ni or a combination of Ni and Zn on femoral bone structure in rabbits.

Methods

One month-old female rabbits were divided into three groups of five animals each. Group 1 rabbits were fed a granular feed mixture with addition of 35 g NiCl₂ per 100 kg of mixture for 90 days. In group 2, animals were fed a mixture containing 35 g NiCl₂ and 30 g ZnCl₂ per 100 kg of mixture. Group 3 without administration of additional Ni or Zn served as control. After the 90-day experimental period, femoral length, femoral weight and histological structure of the femur were analyzed and compared.

Results

The results did not indicate a statistically significant difference in either femoral length or weight between the two experimental groups and the control group. Also, differences in qualitative histological characteristics of the femora among rabbits from the three groups were absent, except for a fewer number of secondary osteons found in the animals of groups 1 and 2. However, values for vascular canal parameters of primary osteons were significantly lower in group 1 than in the control one. Peroral administration of a combination of Ni and Zn (group 2) led to a significant decreased size of the secondary osteons.

Conclusions

The study indicates that dietary supplementation of Ni (35 g NiCl₂ per 100 kg of feed mixture) and Ni-Zn combination (35 g NiCl₂ and 30 g ZnCl₂ per 100 kg of the mixture) affects the microstructure of compact bone tissue in young rabbits.  相似文献   

Relationship between biochemical markers and radiographic scores in the evaluation of the osteoarticular status of Warmblood stallions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Denis Verwilghen  Valeria Busoni  Monika Gangl  Thierry Franck  Jean-Philippe Lejeune  Laurent Vanderheyden  Johann Detilleux  Sigrid Grulke  Michelle Deberg  Yves Henrotin  Didier Serteyn   《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(2):319-328

Establishing the osteoarticular status of the horse is often performed by means of radiological screening of the animals. Widespread blood sampling could reveal to be an interesting alternative to this procedure which is time consuming and sometimes technically difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the radiological status of the horses and the levels of biochemical markers of cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. A specific radiological scoring and classification system was therefore developed and applied on 63 stallions presented for studbook admission. Additionally, groups of horses were established according to the occurrence of osteochondrosis, degenerative joint disease and distal interphalangeal joint effusion. Insulin growth factor-I, myeloperoxidases, Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO₂ were used as blood markers. The combination of the blood parameters did not seem to correlate with the used scoring system. Coll2-1NO₂ levels however tended to increase with poorer radiological class and this could therefore potentially be a useful predictor of the osteoarticular status in the horse. Coll2-1 levels were significantly higher in the degenerative joint disease group. A high percentage of horses with distal interphalangeal joint effusion was present in this study and was associated with decreased IGF-I and increased Coll2-1 levels.  相似文献   

Increased prevalence of hyperthyroidism as an early and transient side-effect of implementing iodine prophylaxis     

Gołkowski F  Buziak-Bereza M  Trofimiuk M  Bałdys-Waligórska A  Szybiński Z  Huszno B 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(8):799-802

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of hyperthyroidism just after implementation of iodine prophylaxis among adults from an area with iodine deficiency. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A total of 1648 adults (age 16 years and older) were sampled from an area of southern Poland during two nationwide epidemiological surveys. Of these, 1424 adults with negative medical history for thyroid disorders qualified for final analysis. The authors compared thyroid dysfunction in participants prior to (1989-1990) and after implementation of iodine prophylaxis (1997-1999). SETTING: The southern part of Poland. RESULTS: We found an increase in the serum concentration of anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies from 4.9% in the years 1989-1990 to 12.1% after introduction of iodised household salt (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of hyperthyroidism (defined as thyroid-stimulating hormone < 0.4 microU ml- 1) significantly increased in the equivalent period from 4.8 to 6.5% (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that a sudden rise in iodine intake after implementation of iodine prophylaxis among adults from the area with iodine deficiency may lead to an increase in thyroid autoimmunity and prevalence of hyperthyroidism. Those possible early side-effects appear to be only temporary and are acceptable when compared with the evident benefits of adequate iodine intake.  相似文献