Seasonal speedup along the western flank of the Greenland Ice Sheet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joughin I  Das SB  King MA  Smith BE  Howat IM  Moon T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5877):781-783

It has been widely hypothesized that a warmer climate in Greenland would increase the volume of lubricating surface meltwater reaching the ice-bedrock interface, accelerating ice flow and increasing mass loss. We have assembled a data set that provides a synoptic-scale view, spanning ice-sheet to outlet-glacier flow, with which to evaluate this hypothesis. On the ice sheet, these data reveal summer speedups (50 to 100%) consistent with, but somewhat larger than, earlier observations. The relative speedup of outlet glaciers, however, is far smaller (<15%). Furthermore, the dominant seasonal influence on Jakobshavn Isbrae's flow is the calving front's annual advance and retreat. With other effects producing outlet-glacier speedups an order of magnitude larger, seasonal melt's influence on ice flow is likely confined to those regions dominated by ice-sheet flow.  相似文献   

Metabolism of a new herbicide, [(14)c]pyribenzoxim, in rice     

Chang HR  Keum YS  Koo SJ  Moon JK  Kim K  Kim JH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1918-1923

The in vivo metabolism of a new herbicide pyribenzoxim (benzophenone Ο-[2,6-bis(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzoyl]oxime) in rice was carried out using container trials. Two radiolabeled forms of [carbonyl-(14)C]pyribenzoxim (P1) and [ring-(14)C(U)]pyribenzoxim (P2) were treated separately as formulations for foliar treatment by single applications of 50 g of active ingredient (ai)/ha at the 4-6 leaves stage. At 0, 7, 30, and 60 days after treatment (DAT), samples of panicle, foliage/rest of plant, and roots were taken for analysis. Upon harvest (120 DAT), rice plants were separated into grain, husk, straw, and root parts. Total radioactive residues (TRRs) at each sampling date were determined to show that the final radioactive residues at harvest were low in grain, husk, straw, and roots, accounting for <17 ppb. The concentration of final residues in the rice plant decreased rapidly, and less than 0.1% of initial TRRs remained at harvest. At 7 DAT, metabolite 1 [M1, 2,6-bis(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzoic acid] and two unknown compounds (other-1 and other-2) were detected in foliage extract, accounting for 3.5% TRRs (21.0 ppb), 3.1% TRRs (19.0 ppb), and 9.0% TRRs (54.3 ppb), respectively, while 26.1% of M1 was observed in solvent wash. Any other metabolites were not detected in the plant, including expected metabolite M3 (benzophenone oxime). On the basis of the results obtained, a metabolic pathway of pyribenzoxim in a rice plant was proposed.  相似文献   

Cytotoxicity of gamma-ray in rat immature hippocampal neurons     

Miyoung Yang  Myoung-Sub Song  Sung-Ho Kim  Jong-Choon Kim  Joong-Sun Kim  Taekyun Shin  Changjong Moon 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(3):203-207

This in vitro study evaluated the detrimental effect of acute gamma (γ)-irradiation on rat immature hippocampal neurons. Rat immature hippocampal neurons (0.5 day in vitro) were irradiated with 0~4 Gy γ-rays. Cytotoxicity was analyzed using a lactate dehydrogenase release assay at 24 h after γ-irradiation. Radiation-induced cytotoxicity in immature hippocampal neurons increased in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatments of pro-apoptotic caspase inhibitors and anti-oxidative substances significantly blocked γ-irradiation-induced cytotoxicity in immature hippocampal neurons. The results suggest that the caspase-dependent cytotoxicity of γ-rays in immature hippocampal cultured neurons may be caused by oxidative stress.  相似文献   

Analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities of rumen fluid and rumen particles from Korean black goats     

Min‐Jung GU  Md. Jahangir ALAM  Seon‐Ho KIM  Che‐Ok JEON  Moon‐Baek CHANG  Young‐Kyoon OH  Sang‐Cheol LEE  Sang‐Suk LEE 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):663-672

Molecular diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Korean black goats was investigated with 16S rRNA gene clone libraries using methanogen‐specific primers. The libraries were composed of rumen fluid‐associated methanogens (FAM) and rumen particle‐associated methanogens (PAM) from rumen‐fistulated Korean black goats. Among the 141 clones of the FAM library, the sequences were mostly related to two phyla, the Methanobacteriaceae family (77.3%) and the Thermoplasmatales family (22.7%); and among the 68 clones of the PAM library, sequences were also mainly clustered in the two phyla, the Thermoplasmatales family (63.24%) and the Methanobacteriaceae family (35.29%). Most of the sequenced clones in the two libraries were closely related to uncultured methanogenic archaeon. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that PAM (8.97 log 10) had significantly higher (P < 0.01) density of methanogens by the methanogenic 16S rRNA gene copies than FAM (7.57 log 10). The two clone libraries also showed difference in Shannon index (FAM library 1.70 and PAM library 1.59) and Chao 1 estimator (FAM library 18 and PAM library 17 operational taxonomic units). Apparent differences found in the microbial community from the two 16S rRNA gene libraries could be a result of such factors as the chemical and physical nature of the target material surface, types or component of diets, the interaction between the methanogens and other microbes, and age of the experimental goats.  相似文献   

Structure elucidation and antifungal activity of an anthracycline antibiotic, daunomycin, isolated from Actinomadura roseola   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kim BS  Moon SS  Hwang BK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(5):1875-1881

The actinomycete strain Ao108 producing antifungal metabolites active against some plant pathogenic fungi was identified as Actinomadura roseola, based on the analyses of morphological and physiological characteristics. The antibiotic Da2B that showed a strong antifungal activity was isolated from the culture broth and mycelial mats of A. roseola strain Ao108 using various chromatographic procedures. On the basis of (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and 2-D NMR correlation data, the antibiotic Da2B was confirmed to have the structure of an anthracycline antibiotic, daunomycin. In vitro antimicrobial spectrum tests showed that the antibiotic Da2B had substantial inhibitory activity (10 microg mL(-)(1) of MICs) against mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani. The antibiotic also showed antiyeast activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the growth of Candida albicans was not affected. Antibacterial activity was found only against Gram-positive bacteria. In the further evaluation of in vivo efficacy, application of the antibiotic Da2B effectively inhibited the development of Phytophthora blight in pepper plants. However, the control efficacy of the antibiotic against Phytophthora infection was somewhat less than that of metalaxyl. The antibiotic Da2B did not show any phytotoxicity on pepper plants even at 500 microg mL(-)(1).  相似文献   

VERTEBRAL OSTEOSCLEROSIS IN A CAT SECONDARY TO RHABDOMYOSARCOMA     

Martha L.  Moon  DVM  MS Geoffrey K.  Saunders  DVM  MS Robert A.  Martin  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1990,31(1):39-41

A 5–year–old cat was presented for pelvic limb weakness. Sclerosis of the vertebral body of T–10 was visible on thoracic radiographs. A compressive lesion at this area was noted on myelography. A tumor was partially removed at surgery, but the cat was killed because of poor postoperative response. Rhabdomyosarcoma was diagnosed at necropsy, with bone marrow necrosis and myelofibrosis, and new bone proliferation of the body of T–10. Causes of bone necrosis are discussed.  相似文献   

Additive effects of a sodium chloride restricted diet and furosemide administration in healthy dogs.     

C S Lovern  W S Swecker  J C Lee  M L Moon 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(11):1793-1796

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a low or high sodium (Na) diet with or without furosemide administration on plasma electrolyte concentrations and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 20 healthy adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly allotted to 4 groups of 5 dogs each as follows: dogs fed a low Na diet (0.08% Na and 0.8% chloride [CI] on a dry matter [DM] basis); dogs fed a low Na diet with added NaCl (1.0% Na and 2.2% Cl on a DM basis); dogs fed a low Na diet and treated with furosemide (2 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h); and dogs fed a low Na diet with added NaCl and treated with furosemide. Plasma electrolyte concentrations were measured on days 0, 21, and 35. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were analyzed by use of radioimmunoassays on days 0, 21, 35, and 53. RESULTS: Furosemide treatment significantly decreased plasma Cl concentration and significantly increased plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration. Dogs fed a low Na diet had significantly higher plasma renin activities and plasma aldosterone concentrations. A significant interaction between a low Na diet and furosemide administration resulted in the lowest plasma Cl concentrations, highest plasma renin activities, and highest plasma aldosterone concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In healthy dogs, feeding a low Na diet and administering furosemide resulted in an additive effect on plasma Cl concentration, renin activity, and aldosterone concentration, which may be an important consideration for treating dogs with cardiac disease.  相似文献   

Evaluation of mosquitoes, Aedes vexans, as biological vectors of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Satoshi Otake  Scott A. Dee  Roger D. Moon  Kurt D. Rossow  Carlos Trincado    Carlos Pijoan 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2003,67(4):265-270

The objective of this study was to determine whether mosquitoes, Aedes vexans (Meigen), could serve as biological vectors of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Specifically, the study assessed the duration of viability and the site of PRRSV within mosquitoes, and evaluated whether PRRSV could be transmitted to a susceptible pig by mosquitoes following a 7- to 14-day incubation period after feeding on an infected pig. For the first experiment, a total of 100 mosquitoes were allowed to feed on a pig, experimentally infected with PRRSV (day 7 post-inoculation) and were then maintained alive under laboratory conditions. A set of 10 mosquitoes were collected at 0 hour (h), 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 5 days (d), 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d post-feeding (pf). Samples of exterior surface washes, salivary glands, thorax carcasses, and gut homogenates were collected from each set of mosquitoes, and tested for PRRSV. Infectious PRRSV was detected by polymerase chain reaction and swine bioassay only from the gut homogenates of mosquitoes collected at 0 h and 6 h pf. For the second experiment, a total of 30 mosquitoes were allowed to feed on a pig, experimentally infected with PRRSV and the mosquitoes were then maintained under laboratory conditions. On each of day 7, 10, and 14 pf, a set of 10 mosquitoes were allowed to feed on a susceptible pig. Transmission of PRRSV to susceptible pigs did not occur, and PRRSV was not detected from the mosquitoes. These findings indicate that mosquitoes are not likely to serve as biological vectors of PRRSV.  相似文献   

In vitro adhesion of K88acEscherichia coli to Peyer's patch and peripheral blood lymphocytes, buccal and rectal epithelial cells or intestinal epithelial brush borders of weaned pigs     

I. Valpoti&#x;  P.L. Runnels  H.W. Moon 《Veterinary microbiology》1989,20(4)

Escherichia coli adhesion assays were conducted using isolated porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes, rectal epithelial cells or brush borders, buccal epithelial cells and brush borders from small intestinal epithelial cells. The cells and brush borders were tested for their ability to bind K88-piliated exterotoxigenic E. coliStrain M1823B (K88ac) and E. coli Strain 1476 (K-12, K88ac). Comparison of adhesive phenotypes of 37 weaned pigs as determined by the adhesion assay with small intestinal brush borders and the adherence of K88ac⁺ enterotoxigenic E. coli to peripheral blood lymphocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes and rectal epithelial cells or brush borders, revealed no correlation. In vitro adhesion of K88ac-bearing E. coli was always negative with buccal epithelial cells. K88ac strains varied in their ability to adhere to lymphocytes and rectale pithelial cells or brush borders, indicating that the mechanism of adherence is unrelated to K88-mediated adhesion observed in animals that had the receptors on small-intestinal epithelial-cell brush borders. The non-piliated control E. coli Strain 123 adhered to fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes, and less intensively to frozen-thawed peripheral blood lymphocytes or Peyer's patch lymphocytes. It was concluded that none of the cell types or brush borders, except small-intestinal epithelial-cell brush borders, could be used as targets for phenotyping pigs for the presence of the K88 receptors that have been associated with adhesion and colonization of K88⁺ enterotoxigenic E. coli in the porcine small intestine.  相似文献   

Comparative prevalence of four enterotoxin genes among Escherichia coli isolated from swine   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

H W Moon  R A Schneider  S L Moseley 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(2):210-212

Presence of Escherichia coli enterotoxin genes LT (heat-labile enterotoxin), STaP (heat-stable enterotoxin a, porcine genotype), STaH (heat-stable enterotoxin a, human genotype), and STb (heat-stable enterotoxin b) among 874 swine isolates of E coli was determined, using DNA probes and the DNA colony hybridization technique. Of the 874 isolates evaluated, 45% hybridized with at least one of the enterotoxin gene probes and were designated as enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC). Eighty-five percent of the ETEC were from pigs with enteric colibacillosis. The remaining 15% were from pigs with edema disease or various other diseases, and from healthy swine. Seventy-four percent of the ETEC hybridized with the STb probe, 52% with STaP, and 31% with LT; ETEC did not hybridize with the STaH probe. Most of the ETEC hybridized with more than one enterotoxin gene probe. Isolates that hybridized with the LT probe also hybridized with STb. The most prevalent gene combination was LT-STb. However, 35% of the ETEC from neonatal (less than or equal to 1 week old) swine with enteric colibacillosis were of the STaP-only genotype, and 33% of the ETEC from older swine with enteric colibacillosis were of the STb-only genotype.  相似文献