Presumptive tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in a dog in New Zealand, after eating mouldy walnuts     

Munday JS  Thompson D  Finch SC  Babu JV  Wilkins AL  di Menna ME  Miles CO 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2008,56(3):145-148

CASE HISTORY: A 1-year-old, intact male Labrador-cross dog vomited after eating walnuts that had been on the ground for 5 months. The dog then developed tremors, ataxia, increased salivation, and hyperaesthesia. CLINICAL FINDINGS: The dog had marked generalised tremors, ataxia and a temperature of 39.9 degrees C. Both pupils were of normal size and normally responsive to light. Vomiting was induced, and walnut shell was visible in the vomitus. DIAGNOSIS: Due to the sudden onset of tremors, lack of exposure to other convulsive toxins, and the evidence of ingestion of walnuts, the provisional diagnosis was tremorgenic mycotoxicosis. The dog was treated symptomatically, and made a full recovery over 18 hours. Tremorgenic mycotoxins were detected within walnuts collected from the dog's environment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Fungi that produce tremorgenic mycotoxins are present in New Zealand. Intoxication should be suspected in dogs that suddenly develop muscle tremors, especially if there is a history of ingestion of mouldy food 2-3 hours prior to the development of tremors.  相似文献   

Amplification of papillomaviral DNA sequences from a high proportion of feline cutaneous in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas using a nested polymerase chain reaction     

Munday JS  Kiupel M  French AF  Howe L 《Veterinary dermatology》2008,19(5):259-263

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common skin tumours of cats. Previous studies have suggested that papillomaviral (PV) DNA is detectible within some feline SCCs. A PV DNA sequence has been previously amplified from five feline bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs). Primers specific for this sequence were used in a nested polymerase chain reaction to compare PV detection rates in SCCs to rates within non-SCC skin lesions. Papillomaviral DNA was amplified from 20 of 20 BISC, 17 of 20 invasive SCC and 3 of 17 non-SCC controls. The rate of PV amplification from feline cutaneous SCCs was significantly higher than from non-SCC lesions. These results confirm that feline cutaneous SCCs are associated with PV infection. In humans, there is evidence that PVs promote SCC development within sun-exposed skin. The demonstrated association between PVs and feline cutaneous SCCs suggests, but does not prove, that PVs may also promote feline SCC development. If PVs are oncogenic in cats, prevention of PV infection may reduce feline cutaneous SCC development. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that PV DNA has been amplified from a non-SCC sample of feline skin.  相似文献   

Seminal Plasma Composition from Ejaculates Collected by Artificial Vagina and Electroejaculation in Guirra Ram     

F Marco-Jiménez  JS Vicente  MP Viudes-de-Castro 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(4):403-408

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in ram seminal plasma composition from ejaculates obtained using artificial vagina (AV) and electroejaculation (EE). To address this question, we assessed the effect of semen collection method on volume, sperm concentration, sodium concentration, potassium concentration, sodium/potassium ratio, total protein content and protein profile using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The main findings from this study were: (i) similar volume was obtained, while sperm concentration was significantly lower for EE method; (ii) potassium and sodium/potassium concentration ratio were not influenced by recovery method, while sodium concentration increased significantly when semen was recovered using EE; (iii) approximately 80% of the total relative seminal plasma protein is represented by four protein fractions of molecular weights around 15, 21, 24 and 50 kDa and there were not differences and (iv) focussing the two-dimensional SDS-PAGE gel on the 10–25 kDa rank, the image analysis software detected around 22 spots with isoelectric points ranging from 5.1 to 6.1. Two protein spots (15 kDa and 5.5 and 22 kDa and 5.2 for molecular weight and isoelectric point respectively) increased significantly when semen was recovered using EE. One spot protein with molecular weight around 25 kDa and isoelectric point of 5.2 were only found in the seminal plasma from the semen recovery by AV. As it was demonstrated, ejaculates obtained with EE modify the sodium concentration, alter two proteins concentration and induced the loss of one protein in seminal plasma.  相似文献   

Protection by iron salts against sporidesmin intoxication in sheep     

Munday R  Manns E 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1989,37(2):65-68

A number of iron compounds have been shown to protect sheep against the harmful effects of the facial eczema toxin, sporidesmin. Various salts were found to be effective; the oxidation state of the metal was not important although water-solubility did appear to be a prerequisite for prophylactic activity. The effect of iron salts was additive with that of zinc, and it is suggested that the protective action of these compounds results from their ability to inhibit the absorption of copper, consistent with the previously-proposed free-radical mechanism for sporidesmin toxicity.  相似文献   

When less is more: heterogeneity in grass patch height supports herbivores in counter-intuitive ways     

Rina CC Grant  Judith Botha  Thelani C Grant  Mike JS Peel  Izak PJ Smit 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2019,36(1):1-8

Herbivores are an integral part of the African landscape and have evolved with the vegetation to create the savanna landscape. Managers of these landscapes can benefit from a better understanding of how indigenous herbivores use the landscape to which they are adapted. In this study we observed which patches were frequently utilised, by doing regular monthly road counts, grass height observations and dung counts on selected short grass patches in the Kruger National Park. Smaller-framed impala and blue wildebeest (meso-herbivores) were most regularly seen on these nutritious patches, while from dung deposits it was clear that the even larger-framed buffalo (mega-herbivores) spent time there. This preference can be explained by considering the nutritional needs and food intake of the herbivores. Smaller-framed herbivores seem to be able to satisfy their dietary requirements on the high-quality forage patches, while larger-framed herbivores seem to supplement the quality forage by also spending foraging time on areas of higher grass biomass. From this insight we propose that range management should take herbivore preferences into account and allow herbivores to select and concentrate their foraging on the most nutritious forage. This approach is likely to decrease inputs while allowing animals to maintain or increase production.  相似文献   

Systemic granulomatous disease in dairy cattle during a dicyandiamide feeding trial     

J Cayzer  JS Munday  SF Ledgard  A Heiser  A Thatcher 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(2):108-113

CASE HISTORY: Mature, in-calf, non-lactating, Friesian or Friesian-cross cows were fed dicyandiamide (DCD) at daily doses of 0.15 g/kg (Group 1; n=31), 0.45 g/kg (Group 2; n=21) and 0.75 g/kg (Group 3; n=12), as part of a safety trial, which also included a control group (n=15). Daily health observations were carried out on each cow until Day 86 of the study. On Day 28 one cow from Group 3 was observed with signs of disease, and subsequently disease was noted in other cows.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical signs in the first case included depression, pyrexia (40.9°C), salivation and dehydration, in addition to progressive weight loss, followed by death on Day 32. Other cows from all treatment groups developed clinical signs of disease resulting in euthanasia of seven animals. Disease occurred in 10/12 (83%) cows in Group 3, 11/21 (52%) cows in Group 2, and 7/31 (23%) cows in Group 1. Clinical signs were variable and included dermatitis and pruritus of the head and neck, petechial haemorrhages, pyrexia, weight loss, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and regenerative anaemia.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Gross findings included generalised lymphadenopathy, subcutaneous oedema, petechiation of mucosal and serosal surfaces, and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Histologically, multiple organs and tissues contained inflammatory foci characterised by infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and occasionally prominent multinucleated giant cells and eosinophils.

DIAGNOSIS: Multisystemic granulomatous and haemorrhagic syndrome resembling cell-mediated hypersensitivity, associated with DCD ingestion.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE:: This is the first report of toxicity in cattle associated with ingestion of DCD. The proportion of affected cows increased with increasing dose of DCD, but not all cattle in the high dose group developed disease, therefore additional factors may determine whether or not an individual cow will develop DCD-associated disease.  相似文献   

Investigation of the index case herd and identification of the genotypes of Theileria orientalis associated with outbreaks of bovine anaemia in New Zealand in 2012     

DJ Pulford  AMJ McFadden  JS Hamilton  J Donald 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(1):21-28

CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: On 7 September 2012 the Ministry for Primary Industries was notified of a dairy cow with regenerative anaemia (haematocrit (HCT) 0.08?L/L) in a herd of 465 Jersey-Friesian cross cows (index case herd) in the Northland region of New Zealand. Organisms consistent with Theileria spp. were present in red blood cells on a blood smear. No other causes of anaemia were detected following examination of affected cows. Blood samples collected from 29 randomly selected cows on 26 September 2012 showed that 24 (83%) were anaemic (HCT≤0.24 L/L) and therefore fitted the case definition for bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis infection.

LABORATORY FINDINGS: Using a T. orientalis type-specific PCR assay that targeted the single subunit rRNA gene, all of six animals tested were positive for T. orientalis type Ikeda. Blood samples collected from clinically affected cattle in 11 subsequent outbreaks from throughout the North Island showed that T. orientalis Ikeda type was a common finding, but mixed infections with Chitose type were also identified. In addition, using a PCR assay that targeted the major piroplasm surface gene, T. orientalis type 5 was detected in one cow from the Waikato region.

DIAGNOSIS: The presence of T. orientalis type Ikeda, as well as type 5, was confirmed in cattle from outbreaks of bovine anaemia in herds throughout the North Island of New Zealand.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Two new types of T. orientalis were identified in this investigation, that were associated with a sudden rise in cases of bovine anaemia. The body of evidence showed that the Ikeda type was implicated as the cause of disease observed in this epidemic.  相似文献   

Pathology of 2-alkyl and 2-hydroxy naphthoquinone toxicity in rats     

Smith BL  Munday R 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1995,43(3):124

Abstract Extract The oral administration of 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone (menadione) to rats caused oxidative destruction of the erythrocyte. Heinz body formation occurred in erythrocytes, lowered PCVs and haemoglobin Occurred in blood, with splenic and hepatic erythroclasis, and iron conservation in the spleen, liver and kidney. These effects diminished when increasingly large alkyl substitutions of the methyl group of thi naphthoquinone were made. No effect was caused by the 2-decyl derivative.  相似文献   

Bowenoid in situ carcinomas in two Devon Rex cats: evidence of unusually aggressive neoplasm behaviour in this breed and detection of papillomaviral gene expression in primary and metastatic lesions          下载免费PDF全文

John S. Munday  Mike W. Benfell  Adrienne French  Geoff M.B. Orbell  Neroli Thomson 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(3):215-e55

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Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) toxicity in four goats     

RW Numan  SS Ackermann  JS Shelgren 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(3):179-181

CASE HISTORY: A one-year-old female goat presented with acute onset of recumbency, seizures and vocalisation approximately 5 hours after being given access to branch trimmings from a neighbour's garden. The plant from which the pruned branches came was subsequently identified as wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox). Three other goats kept in the same paddock displayed similar clinical signs over a period of 4 hours following the initial presentation.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: All four goats were ataxic, displayed tetanic seizures and were in lateral recumbency; they had dilated pupils and were hyperaesthetic, with elevated heart and respiratory rates. After symptomatic treatment, including sedation with diazepam, one of the three goats continued to deteriorate and was subjected to euthanasia. The remaining three goats recovered over 1–14 days with nursing care and physiotherapy.

DIAGNOSIS: Toxicity due to ingestion of wintersweet, which contains the alkaloid calycanthine.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Calycanthine is a central nervous system toxin, causing convulsions. Wintersweet shrubs are present in many New Zealand gardens. Practitioners should be aware that the seeds and flowers, and possibly the leaves, of this plant are highly toxic with signs of toxicity including ataxia, hyperaesthesia and seizures.  相似文献