Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxyazolopyrimidines as herbicides; the generation of amitrole in planta          下载免费PDF全文

John M Clough  Richard P Dale  Barry Elsdon  Timothy R Hawkes  Bridget V Hogg  Anushka Howell  Daniel P Kloer  Karine Lecoq  Matthew MW McLachlan  Phillip J Milnes  Timothy JC O'Riordan  Saranga Ranasinghe  Stephen E Shanahan  Karen D Sumner  Shanaaz Tayab 《Pest management science》2016,72(12):2254-2272

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Rescuing agroforestry as strategy for agriculture in Southern Brazil     

Alexandre Siminski  Karine Louise dos Santos  Juliano Gil Nunes Wendt 《林业研究》2016,27(4):739-746

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Larval food influences temporal oviposition and egg quality traits in females of Lobesia botrana     

Jérôme Moreau  Karine Monceau  Denis Thiéry 《Journal of pest science》2016,89(2):439-448

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Effects of high and low inspired fractions of oxygen on horse erythrocyte membrane properties, blood viscosity and muscle oxygenation during anaesthesia     

Karine Portier DMV  MSc  CertVA  PhD    David Crouzier† PhD    Michel Guichardant‡ PhD    Michel Prost§ PhD    Jean-Claude Debouzy† MD  PhD    Nathalie Kirschvink¶ DMV  PhD    Nicole Fellmann MD  PhD    Pierre Lekeux†† DMV  PhD  Diplomate ECVPT  & Jean Coudert MD  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(4):287-298

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a period of hyperoxia or after a period of hypoxia produced changes attributable to reactive oxygen species in anaesthetized horses.Study designProspective randomized experimental study.AnimalsSix healthy (ASA I) geldings, aged 4.5–9.5 years and weighing 510–640 kg^?1.MethodsAfter 30 minutes breathing air as carrier gas for isoflurane, horses were assigned randomly to breathe air as carrier gas (CG0.21) or oxygen as carrier gas (CG1.00) for a further 90 minutes. After an interval of 1 month each horse was re-anaesthetized with the other carrier gas for the 90 minute test period. Ventilation was controlled throughout anaesthesia. Arterial blood was sampled to measure gas tensions, lactate, cholesterol, vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, 8-epi-PGF_2α, half haemolysis time, half erythrolysis time, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Muscle blood flow and oxygenation were evaluated by near infrared spectroscopy and coloured Doppler.ResultsAfter the first 30 minutes horses were hypoxemic. Subsequently the CG1.00 group became hyperoxaemic (PaO₂～240 mmHg) whereas the CG0.21 group remained hypoxaemic (PaO₂～60 mmHg) and had increased lactate concentration. No significant changes in vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, or 8-epi-PGF_2α concentrations were detected. During the 90 minute test period the CG0.21 group had increased resistance to free-radical-mediated lysis in erythrocytes, whereas the CG1.00 group had slightly decreased resistance of whole blood to haemolysis. CG0.21 induced a progressive muscle deoxygenation whereas CG1.00 induced an increase in muscle oxygen saturation followed by progressive deoxygenation towards baseline.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDuring isoflurane anaesthesia in horses, the hyperoxia induced by changing from air to oxygen induced minimal damage from reactive oxygen species. Using air as the carrier gas decreased skeletal muscle oxygenation compared with using oxygen.  相似文献   

Chlamydial infections in duck farms associated with human cases of psittacosis in France     

Laroucau K  de Barbeyrac B  Vorimore F  Clerc M  Bertin C  Harkinezhad T  Verminnen K  Obeniche F  Capek I  Bébéar C  Durand B  Zanella G  Vanrompay D  Garin-Bastuji B  Sachse K 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,135(1-2):82-89

Five severe cases of psittacosis in individuals associated with duck farms were notified in France between January and March 2006. Diagnostic examination included serology and/or molecular detection by PCR from respiratory samples. As a consequence, we investigated all duck flocks (n=11) that were housed in the three farms where human infections occurred. While serology by complement fixation test was negative for all samples, cloacal and/or tracheal chlamydial excretion was detected by PCR in all three units. Notably, one duck flock was tested strongly positive in 2 of the 3 affected farms, and Chlamydophila (C.) psittaci strains were isolated from cloacal and/or tracheal swab samples from both farms. Human samples and duck isolates exhibited the same PCR-RFLP restriction pattern, which appeared to be an intermediate between genotypes A and B. Analysis of ompA gene sequences and comparison to those of the type strains showed that the isolates could not be strictly assigned to any of the generally accepted genotypes of C. psittaci. Further analysis by MLVA of the PCR-positive human samples revealed two distinct patterns, which were related to previously isolated C. psittaci duck strains.  相似文献   

Postprandial molecular responses in the liver of the barramundi,Lates calcarifer     

Nicholas M. Wade  Sandrine Skiba-Cassy  Karine Dias  Brett D. Glencross 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(2):427-443

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What is the evidence? The issue of verifying correct needle position during epidural anaesthesia in dogs     

Chiara Adami  Karine Gendron 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):212-218

Objectives

To review the methods for verifying the needle position while performing epidural anaesthesia in dogs, and to discuss the advantages, disadvantages, usefulness and reliability of each technique in the experimental and clinical research setting.

Databases used

PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Basel University Library online catalogues; the latter, which was provided by the University of Berne, were used as databases. The results were filtered manually based on the titles and abstracts in order to narrow the field.

Conclusions

Besides some drawbacks, including the potential side effects of contrast medium injection, which may limit its routine use in clinical patients, epidurography should still be regarded as one of the most reliable techniques to verify needle position in dogs. Ultrasonography, electrical nerve stimulation, loss of resistance and the hanging drop technique are regarded as less invasive than epidurography and, for this reason, their use may be more applicable to clinical patients. However, these methods have been described in only a few published reports, all of which involved a limited number of dogs. Finally, the detection of epidural pressure waves has been investigated more extensively in dogs, and the findings of these studies suggest that this technique may be used to verify epidural needle placement for experimental and clinical research, on condition that all the negative subjects are excluded from the study.  相似文献   

Moose Summer Diet From Feces and Field Surveys: A Comparative Study     

Hilde Karine Wam  Olav Hjeljord 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2010,63(3):387-395

Microhistological analysis of feces is the most applied noninvasive method for assessing diets of wild ungulates. However, the method is complicated by differential digestibility of forage species. To evaluate the efficacy of this method in quantifying browse components in summer diets of moose (Alces alces L.) on Norwegian rangelands, we compared it to parallel field surveys of browsed vegetation on the same range. Although the same principal diet components were identified in the feces and in the field, there were consistent discrepancies between the two methods in estimated proportional diet contents. Birch (Betula spp.) showed the highest field:fecal ratio: 3.3 ±  compared to 0.9 ±  for Salix spp., 0.8 ±  for aspen (Populus tremula L.), and 0.6 ±  for rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.). Until in vivo fecal correction factors for differential forage digestibility are available, we caution against broad application of fecal analyses for estimating proportions of browse in moose diet. Although we could not determine the exact amount of discrepancy implicit in each method, previous studies of moose summer diet in the area clearly indicate that fecal analyses gave a less accurate representation of actual moose browse diet than did the field survey. Fecal analyses are nevertheless needed to identify moose diet components other than browse, which are not easily obtained from field surveys.  相似文献   

Improved effectiveness and efficiency in measuring soil enzymes as universal soil quality indicators using microplate fluorimetry     

Jean Trap  Wassila Riah  Marthe Akpa-Vinceslas  Caroline Bailleul  Karine Laval  Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2012

We tested the relevance of the microplate fluorimetric (F) assay for five enzymes in contrasting land uses, including woodland, grassland, cultivated and contaminated lands, as compared to the standard spectrophotometric (P) method. Enzymatic activity measured by the P method ranged from 0 to 56.04 nmol-pNP g^?1 min^?1 (median = 4) while the F method revealed lower values ranging from 0 to 6.22 nmol-MUB g^?1 dry soil min^?1 (median = 1). The values obtained by the P method were around 8 times higher than those revealed by the F method. However, the F method revealed significant differences in enzyme activity in orchard parcels (land use with low variations in soil properties). We concluded that the F method improves the effectiveness and the efficiency of measuring universal soil quality indicators using enzymes.  相似文献   

In vitro development of IVF-derived bovine embryos following cytoplasmic microinjection for the episomal expression of the IGF2 gene     

Karine Campagnolo  Felipe Ledur Ongaratto  Camila Rodrigues de Freitas  Camilo Andrés Peña Bello  Bruna Rodrigues Willhelm  Karine de Mattos  José Luiz Rigo Rodrigues  Marcelo Bertolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(5):574-583

Important genomic imprinting changes usually occur following the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos, especially in the imprinting pattern of components of the IGF system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a transient episomal overexpression of the IGF2 gene in bovine IVP embryos following embryo cytoplasmic microinjection (CMI) at the 1-cell stage on embryo survival, early and late developmental kinetics and morphological quality up to Day 7 of development. Selected cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured and fertilized in vitro and subsequently segregated into six experimental groups: non-CMI control group and five CMI groups at increasing doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/μl) of a GFP vector built for the episomal expression of bovine IGF2. Zygote CMI was effective in delivering the expression vector into the ooplasm, irrespective of the groups, with 58% of positive GFP fluorescence in Day 7 blastocysts. Considering developmental rates and late embryo kinetics, the 10-ng/μl CMI vector dose promoted a lower blastocyst rate (10.4%), but for blastocysts at more advanced stages of development (93.0% blastocysts and expanded blastocysts), and higher number of cells (116.0 ± 3.0) than non-CMI controls (23.3%, 75.0% and 75.0 ± 6.8 were obtained, respectively). In conclusion, CMI at the 1-cell stage did not compromise subsequent in vitro development of surviving embryos, with the 10-ng/μl group demonstrating a possible growth-promoting effect of the IGF2 gene on embryo development, from the 1-cell to the blastocyst stage.  相似文献