The origin of six-rowed ‘wild’ barley from the western Himalaya     

P. J. Murphy  J. R. Witcombe  P. R. Shewry  B. J. Miflin 《Euphytica》1982,31(1):183-192

Summary Plants were grown from seed of two-rowed wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, and six-rowed brittlerachised barley. H. agriocrithon, collected in Ladakh, north-western India. Whereas the H. spontaneum remained true to type, segregation for morphological characters was observed in progeny rows grown from heads of H. agriocrithon plants. The H. agriocrithon heads also showed segregation for a biochemical character, the polypeptide pattern of the endosperm storage protein fraction (hordein). The H. agriocrithon seed therefore originated from natural hybridization between cultivated H. vulgare and weedy H. spontaneum. Crosses of H. vulgare and H. spontaneum gave progeny which resembled H. agriocrithon and showed similar hordein polypeptide segregation patterns. The results indicate that six-rowed brittle-rach ised barleys from the Himalayas have a similar origin to forms found in the Middle East, and that H. agriocrithon does not play a direct role in the evolution of barley.  相似文献   

Mercury species in potable ground water in southern New Jersey     

Eileen A. Murphy  John Dooley  Herbert L. Windom  Ralph G. Smith Jr. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,78(1-2):61-72

Water samples from 78 private potable wells in southern New Jersey were collected for mercury analysis in 1991–1992. Analyses were performed for the quantification of reactive, volatile and methyl mercury species. Relationships of mercury with other water quality parameters were evaluated also. Total mercury concentrations varied from <1 ng L^?1 to over 36 Μg L^?1. The dominant forms in which mercury occurred in the wells sampled were Hg? and HgCl₂?, although methyl mercury was present in some wells and comprised up to 8% of the total mercury in the ground water samples.  相似文献   

Fumonisin B-glucose reaction products are less toxic when fed to swine     

Fernández-Surumay G  Osweiler GD  Yaeger MJ  Rottinghaus GE  Hendrich S  Buckley LK  Murphy PA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(10):4264-4271

The effects of fumonisin B-glucose reaction products in swine diets was examined. Pigs were fed diets containing 528 micromol of total fumonisin B/kg (FB), 528 micromol of total FB-glucose adducts/kg (FB-G, 122 micromol of unreacted FB/kg), or 0 micromol of total FB/kg for 15 days to test the efficacy of the FB-G reaction products in detoxifying FB. Weight gain in FB pigs was lower than in FB-G or controls, which was correlated with feed intake reduction in FB pigs. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and total bilirubin in FB pigs were higher than in FB-G or control pigs. Serum sphinganine/shingosine ratios in FB pigs were higher than in FB-G or control pigs. Microscopic examination of tissues from FB pigs showed generalized liver necrosis and apoptosis with marked cellular pleomorphism and disorganized hepatic cords. The liver and kidneys in the FB-G group appeared to be normal. Tissues of controls were free of lesions. Results suggest that dietary FB-G products are less toxic to swine and may provide an detoxification approach in instances of widespread FB grain contamination (p < 0.05).  相似文献   

Human gut microbial degradation of flavonoids: structure-function relationships     

Simons AL  Renouf M  Hendrich S  Murphy PA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(10):4258-4263

The relationship between chemical structure and gut microbial degradation rates of 14 flavonoids, flavone, apigenin, chrysin, naringenin, kaempferol, genistein, daidzein, daidzin, puerarin, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone, 6,4'-dihydroxyflavone, 5,4'-dihydroxyflavone, 5,3'-dihydroxyflavone, and 4'-hydroxyflavone, was investigated by anaerobically fermenting the flavonoids with human gut microflora (n = 11 subjects). Degradation rates for the 5,7,4'-trihydroxyl flavonoids, apigenin, genistein, naringenin, and kaempferol, were significantly faster than the other structural motifs. Puerarin was resistant to degradation by the gut microflora. Extensive degradation of flavonoids by gut microflora may result in lower overall bioavailability than those flavonoids that are slowly degraded because rapidly degrading flavonoids are less likely to be absorbed intact.  相似文献   

Human fecal metabolism of soyasaponin I     

Hu J  Zheng YL  Hyde W  Hendrich S  Murphy PA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(9):2689-2696

The metabolism of soyasaponin I (3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]olean-12-ene-3beta,22beta,24-triol) by human fecal microorganisms was investigated. Fresh feces were collected from 15 healthy women and incubated anaerobically with 10 mmol soyasaponin I/g feces at 37 degrees C for 48 h. The disappearance of soyasaponin I in this in vitro fermentation system displayed apparent first-order rate loss kinetics. Two distinct soyasaponin I degradation phenotypes were observed among the subjects: rapid soyasaponin degraders with a rate constant k = 0.24 +/- 0.04 h(-)(1) and slow degraders with a k = 0.07 +/- 0.02 h(-)(1). There were no significant differences in the body mass index, fecal moisture, gut transit time, and soy consumption frequency between the two soyasaponin degradation phenotypes. Two primary gut microbial metabolites of soyasaponin I were identified as soyasaponin III (3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]olean-12-ene-3beta,22beta,24-triol) and soyasapogenol B (olean-12-ene-3beta,22beta,24-triol) by NMR and electrospray ionized mass spectroscopy. Soyasaponin III appeared within the first 24 h and disappeared by 48 h. Soyasapogenol B seemed to be the final metabolic product during the 48 h anaerobic incubation. These results indicate that dietary soyasaponins can be metabolized by human gut microorganisms. The sugar moieties of soyasaponins seem to be hydrolyzed sequentially to yield smaller and more hydrophobic metabolites.  相似文献   

NAMES FOR THE HYDROGEN ISOTOPES     

Urey HC  Brickwedde FG  Murphy GM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1933,78(2035):602-603

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The elemental composition of asteroid 433 eros: results of the NEAR-shoemaker X-ray spectrometer     

Trombka JI  Squyres SW  Bruckner J  Boynton WV  Reedy RC  McCoy TJ  Gorenstein P  Evans LG  Arnold JR  Starr RD  Nittler LR  Murphy ME  Mikheeva I  McNutt RL  McClanahan TP  McCartney E  Goldsten JO  Gold RE  Floyd SR  Clark PE  Burbine TH  Bhangoo JS  Bailey SH  Petaev M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5487):2101-2105

We report major element composition ratios for regions of the asteroid 433 Eros imaged during two solar flares and quiet sun conditions during the period of May to July 2000. Low aluminum abundances for all regions argue against global differentiation of Eros. Magnesium/silicon, aluminum/silicon, calcium/silicon, and iron/silicon ratios are best interpreted as a relatively primitive, chondritic composition. Marked depletions in sulfur and possible aluminum and calcium depletions, relative to ordinary chondrites, may represent signatures of limited partial melting or impact volatilization.  相似文献   

THE VALIDITY OF MEASURING EYE MOVEMENTS BY DIRECT OBSERVATION     

Robinson FP  Murphy PG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1932,76(1964):171-172

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LO,THE POOR WHALE!     

Murphy RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1940,91(2364):373-376

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A New Zealand Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History     

Murphy RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,108(2809):463-464

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