Identification of new resistant sources for bacterial blight in pomegranate     

B.?Tanuja?PriyaEmail author  B.?N.?S.?Murthy  C.?Gopalakrishnan  Rashmi?B.?Artal  S.?Jagannath 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,146(3):609-624

Bacterial blight is a highly devastating disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae, recording 60 to 80 percent yield-loss of pomegranate in India. In the present investigation, a total of 209 genotypes including 105 exotic types from USDA, 66 wild types and 38 cultivated types from India were screened and categorized into fifteen clusters using cluster and principal component analysis. Genotypes of cluster 15, viz. 108 B and 99 A from USDA and 318734, Daru-18 and IIHR-30 from India, were found to be resistant to bacterial blight while genotypes of cluster 9 were highly susceptible. Two genotypes, each from cluster 15 (318734) and 9 (Ruby), were compared for biochemical and histological parameters to understand the defense mechanism. Significantly, higher accumulation of defense related metabolites, viz. total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant contents, were observed in resistant genotype (318734). Fewer numbers of stomatal pores that served as portals of entry for plant pathogens were recorded in this genotype. Resistance observed in genotype 318734 might be due to an incompatible interaction between host and pathogen compared to other genotypes. This is the first report of putative resistance sources in pomegranate against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae.  相似文献   

Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Dry‐Grind Ethanol Process     

Ganti S. Murthy  Devon E. Townsend  Gavin L. Meerdink  Gerald L. Bargren  Mike E. Tumbleson  Vijay Singh 《Cereal Chemistry》2005,82(3):302-304

Aflatoxins, like all mycotoxins, are toxic fungal metabolites that can have adverse health effects on animals and human beings. Aflatoxins are a major concern for the dry‐grind corn processing industry as it is believed that aflatoxins affect yeast and reduce its efficacy in producing ethanol. In the present study, aflatoxin B1 (100, 200, 350, or 775 ppb) was added to mycotoxin‐free corn and laboratory‐scale fermentations were conducted. No effect of aflatoxin B1 was observed on the fermentation rates or final ethanol concentrations. Mean ethanol concentration in the fermenter was 14.01–14.51% (v/v) at 60 hr for all the treatments. In the dry‐grind ethanol process, 55% of aflatoxin B1 was detected in wet grains and 45% in thin stillage.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activities of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace extracts     

Chidambara Murthy KN  Singh RP  Jayaprakasha GK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):5909-5914

Antioxidant-rich fractions were extracted from grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace using ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The extracts were screened for their potential as antioxidants in different models. The ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts showed 76, 87.1, and 21.7% antioxidant activities at 100 ppm, respectively, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl model system. As the methanol extract of grape pomace showed maximum antioxidant activity among all of the extracts, it was selected to determine its effect on lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. The methanol extract showed 71.7, 73.6, and 91.2% inhibition using the thiobarbituric acid method, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and LDL oxidation, respectively, at 200 ppm. Treatment of albino rats of the Wistar strain with a single dose of CCl(4) at 1.25 mL/kg of body weight decreases the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase by 81, 49, and 89%, respectively, whereas the lipid peroxidation value increased nearly 3-fold. Pretreatment of the rats with the methanolic extract of grape pomace at 50 mg/kg (in terms of catechin equivalents) followed by CCl(4) treatment causes restoration of catalase, SOD, and peroxidase by 43.6, 73.2, and 54%, respectively, as compared with control, whereas lipid peroxidation was restored to values comparable with the control. Histopathological studies of the liver of different groups also support the protective effects exhibited by the methanol extract of grape pomace by restoring the normal hepatic architecture. Owing to this property, the studies on grape pomace can be further extended to exploit its possible application for the preservation of food products as well as a health supplement and neutraceutical.  相似文献   

Dietary β-Glucan and Nucleotide Effects on Growth,Survival and Immune Responses of Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei     

H. Shivananda Murthy  P. Li  A. L. Lawrence 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3):160-168

Effects of dietary supplementation of β-glucans and nucleotides on growth, survival and immune responses of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at a low salinity (5 ppt) were evaluated during a 30 d feeding trial. Final mean weight of shrimp fed nucleotides at 0.5%?was highest and significantly different from those fed the basal diet or diets supplemented with β-glucans. Survival was significantly higher for shrimp fed the diet with 0.2%?β-glucans compared to all other diets and was lowest for shrimp fed the basal diet. Shrimp fed diets containing β-glucans and nucleotides had generally better immune responses than shrimp fed the basal diet with higher total hemocyte count (THC) recorded for shrimp fed 0.2%?β-glucans followed by those fed 0.2%?nucleotides. Shrimp fed diets with 0.2%?and 0.5%?nucleotides and 0.2%?β-glucans had significantly higher respiratory burst values than shrimp fed the basal diet. These results indicated that dietary supplementation of either nucleotides or β-glucans has beneficial effects in improving shrimp performance when cultured at low salinity.  相似文献   

Total sulphur amino acid requirement of the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton)     

Murthy  & Varghese 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1998,4(1):61-65

The quantitative dietary sulphur amino acid requirement of the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), was determined by conducting a growth study. The experimental diets contained 400 g crude protein kg⁻¹ from casein, gelatine and supplemental crystalline amino acids. Diets containing six graded levels of methionine (3.2, 6.5, 9.0, 11.5, 14 and 16.5 g kg⁻¹) with a constant level of cystine (1.4 g kg⁻¹) were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of Labeo rohita fingerlings twice a day to satiation for 60 days. The optimum dietary requirement for methionine was estimated using the break-point regression analysis at 11.5 g kg⁻¹ of diet or 28.8 g kg⁻¹ of dietary protein. Thus the total sulphur amino acid (Met + Cys) requirement was determined to be 12.9 g kg⁻¹ of diet or 32.3 g kg⁻¹ of protein. Higher survival, specific growth rate and food conversion efficiency values were observed for fish fed the diet containing optimum levels of sulphur amino acids.  相似文献   

Horner syndrome as a physiological biomarker of disease in canine cervical myelopathy     

Vishal D. Murthy  Kathryn Phillips  Marguerite Knipe  Michelle Giuffrida  Chai-Fei Li 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2023,37(2):598-605

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Growth CO2 concentration modifies the transpiration response of Populus deltoides to drought and vapor pressure deficit     

Engel VC  Griffin KL  Murthy R  Patterson L  Klimas C  Potosnak M 《Tree physiology》2004,24(10):1137-1145

Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) trees grown for 9 months in elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) showed significant increases in height, leaf area and basal diameter relative to trees in a near-ambient [CO2] control treatment. Sample trees in the CO2 treatments were subjected to high and low atmospheric vapor pressure deficits (VPD) over a 5-week period at both high and low soil water contents (SWC). During these periods, transpiration rates at both the leaf and canopy levels were calculated based on sap flow measurements and leaf-to-sapwood area ratios. Leaf-level transpiration rates were approximately equivalent across [CO2] treatments when soil water was not limiting. In contrast, during drought stress, canopy-level transpiration rates were approximately equivalent across [CO2] treatments, indicating that leaf-level fluxes during drought stress were reduced in elevated [CO2] by a factor equal to the leaf area ratio of the two canopies. The shift from equivalent leaf-level transpiration to equivalent canopy-level transpiration with increasing drought stress suggests maximum water use rates were controlled primarily by atmospheric demand at high SWC and by soil water availability at low SWC. Changes in VPD had less effect on transpiration than changes in SWC for trees in both CO2 treatments. Transpiration rates of trees in both CO2 treatments reached maximum values at a VPD of about 2.0 kPa at high SWC, but leveled off and decreased slightly in both canopies as VPD increased above this value. At low SWC, increasing VPD from approximately 1.4 to 2.5 kPa caused transpiration rates to decline slightly in the canopies of trees in both treatments, with significant (P = 0.004) decreases occurring in trees in the near-ambient [CO2] treatment. The transpiration responses at high VPD in the presence of high SWC and throughout the low SWC treatment suggest some hydraulic limitations to water use occurred. Comparisons of midday leaf water potentials of trees in both CO2 treatments support this conclusion.  相似文献   

Citrus limonin and its glucoside inhibit colon adenocarcinoma cell proliferation through apoptosis     

Chidambara Murthy KN  Jayaprakasha GK  Kumar V  Rathore KS  Patil BS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(6):2314-2323

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Evaluation of efficiency of hemi-nested PCR assay for the detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ infecting citrus     

Bhaskara  Adpangaya Sahana  Ahmed  Bandalli N. Jawad  Adkar-Purushothama  Charith R.  Prasad  Mysore N. Nagendra  Sreenivasa  Marikunte Y.  Maheshwar  Pavagada K. Murthy 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2013,120(5-6):189-193

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The present study reports the development and evaluation of a hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (hnPCR) assay for the efficient detection of...  相似文献   

Cu离子对巴西橡胶树组织培养的影响     

王树昌  于晓玲  赵平娟  彭明 《热带作物学报》2010,34(6):28-30

巴西橡胶树是重要的经济作物，微量元素Cu对巴西橡胶树组织培养成胚、生根及组培苗生根有重要影响。试验以巴西橡胶树花药为外植体，以改良MSB为基础培养基，改变其中Cu的浓度，进行试验，寻找最佳的微量元素Cu的含量。结果表明：培养基中不同铜元素的添加量，对巴西橡胶树胚状体及组培切苗的生根产生明显的促进及抑制作用。  相似文献