Increased sacral screw purchase minimizes screw loosening in canine triple pelvic osteotomy     

Whelan MF  McCarthy RJ  Boudrieau RJ  Kraus KH 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2004,33(6):609-614

OBJECTIVE: To determine if screw loosening in triple pelvic osteotomies (TPO) is minimized when screws cranial to the ilial osteotomy had maximal sacral purchase. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: Forty-six dogs with decreased acetabular coverage of the femoral head and minimal degenerative joint changes. METHODS: TPOs were performed where screws cranial to the ilial osteotomy were inserted to maximally engage sacral bone. Data collected were: use of ilial and ischial cerclage wire, screw length, ventrodorsal radiographic sacral width (most caudal aspect), pelvic canal diameter, and sacral penetration of the 3 cranial screws. On all subsequent radiographs, changes in screw position, pelvic canal diameter, and sacral purchase were noted. RESULTS: For 69 TPOs, 414 screws were used. Mean radiographic cranial screw length was 34.54 mm. Combined sacral depth of all 3 screws was 93.3% of sacral width. All osteotomies healed uneventfully. Twenty-four screws (6%) loosened with 12 being in the most cranial positions. Use of ischial or ilial cerclage wires did not statistically influence screw loosening. Pelvic diameter decreased by a mean of 7.79% from postoperative radiographs to the last radiographic recheck. CONCLUSIONS: By sufficiently engaging the sacrum with screws cranial to the ilial osteotomy, implant failures can be avoided and screw loosening minimized when a 6-hole TPO plate is used. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To minimize screw-loosening in TPO, screws inserted cranial to the ilial osteotomy should be inserted to maximum sacral depth without penetrating the vertebral canal.  相似文献   

Experimental comparison of aerial larvicides and habitat modification for controlling disease-carrying Aedes vigilax mosquitoes     

de Little SC  Williamson GJ  Bowman DM  Whelan PI  Brook BW  Bradshaw CJ 《Pest management science》2012,68(5):709-717

BACKGROUND: Microbial and insect‐growth‐regulator larvicides dominate current vector control programmes because they reduce larval abundance and are relatively environmentally benign. However, their short persistence makes them expensive, and environmental manipulation of larval habitat might be an alternative control measure. Aedes vigilax is a major vector species in northern Australia. A field experiment was implemented in Darwin, Australia, to test the hypotheses that (1) aerial microbial larvicide application effectively decreases Ae. vigilax larval presence, and therefore adult emergence, and (2) environmental manipulation is an effective alternative control measure. Generalised linear and mixed‐effects modelling and information‐theoretic comparisons were used to test these hypotheses. RESULTS: It is shown that the current aerial larvicide application campaign is effective at suppressing the emergence of Ae. vigilax, whereas vegetation removal is not as effective in this context. In addition, the results indicate that current larval sampling procedures are inadequate for quantifying larval abundance or adult emergence. CONCLUSIONS: This field‐based comparison has shown that the existing larviciding campaign is more effective than a simple environmental management strategy for mosquito control. It has also identified an important knowledge gap in the use of larval sampling to evaluate the effectiveness of vector control strategies. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Alpha and gamma herpesvirus detection in two herds of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand     

Squires RA  Wilson PR  Whelan NC  Johnstone AC  Ayanegui-Alcérreca MA  Castillo-Alcala F  Knight D 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2012,60(1):69-75

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Evaluation of two cocktails containing ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv-3615c in the intradermal test and the interferon-γ assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis     

Casal C  Bezos J  Díez-Guerrier A  Álvarez J  Romero B  de Juan L  Rodriguez-Campos S  Vordermeier M  Whelan A  Hewinson RG  Mateos A  Domínguez L  Aranaz A 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(1-2):149-154

The intradermal tuberculin tests and the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay are the principal tests used worldwide for the ante-mortem diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. The conventional reagent currently in use in these tests is purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin obtained from Mycobacterium bovis culture. The components of PPD are poorly characterized and difficult to standardize. To overcome this issue, antigens specific to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are being studied. Here we have assessed the biological potency of ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv-3615c presented as peptide or recombinant protein cocktails in comparison with the standard bovine PPD used routinely in Spanish eradication campaigns. The study was performed in cattle (n=23) from a herd with natural M. bovis infection. Animals were simultaneously injected with PPD and the peptide and protein cocktails. The percentages of cattle reacting positively to single intradermal test were 60.9% (bovine PPD), 47.8% (peptide cocktail) and 60.9% (protein cocktail), with no significant difference between the actual skin fold thickness increases (p>0.05). The IFN-γ assay detected 60.9% of animals when stimulation was performed with bovine PPD, but decreased to 52.2% when stimulation was performed with the peptide cocktail and to 47.8% when stimulation was performed with the protein cocktail. However, no significant differences were found between IFN-γ responder frequencies (p>0.05). These results show a potential use of these defined reagents for in vivo tuberculosis diagnosis.  相似文献   

Quantifying leaf-scale variations in water absorption in lettuce from hyperspectral imagery: a laboratory study with implications for measuring leaf water content in the context of precision agriculture     

Murphy  Richard J.  Whelan  Brett  Chlingaryan  Anna  Sukkarieh  Salah 《Precision Agriculture》2019,20(4):767-787

Precision Agriculture - Variations in water absorption across lettuce leaves (Latuca sativa L. var. longifolia) were quantified from hyperspectral imagery acquired in the laboratory using selected...  相似文献   

Soil carbon change across ten New South Wales farms under different farm management regimes in Australia     

Kanika Singh  Brett Whelan 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(4):616-632

This paper examines the potential influence of soil management and land use on soil carbon on cropping farms in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data from ten farms spatially distributed across NSW were examined on two occasions. Soil cores to a depth 0–30 cm were measured for SOC and, as expected, SOC in the A horizon (1.16%) was significantly (p < .001) greater than in the B horizon (0.74%) of all profiles. Analysis of the 2013 and 2015 SOC data indicated that in many ways, the results runs counter to other SOC studies in Australia. Importantly, the mean SOC concentration in these agricultural soils was significantly (p < .001) less under cropping (2013-1.05%, 2015-0.97%) than in native sites (2013-1.20%, 2015-1.16%). Out of the total of 35 sites sampled from 10 farms, SOC in 49% of sites did not change significantly over 2 years, in 17% it increased significantly, whereas in 34% it decreased. Further, a clear implication of drought on SOC was seen on sites that were uncropped based on a critical value for a 95% confidence interval (p < .05) and complemented by the significant correlation (p < .05) between average annual precipitation deficit (ANPD) and SOC across the state with R² = 0.39. The mean SOC was found to be directly proportional to standard deviation and standard error. In terms of spatial variability, the C0 (nugget) value was greatest for farms with a large mean SOC and the average variogram in this study has a range of approximately 200 m which is potentially useful in determining sampling spacing for soil carbon auditing purpose. Similar empirical data over more years are required to better estimate SOC levels and to determine whether at a farm scale, factors such as land management, land use and climate can be related to soil carbon change and variability.  相似文献   

Blood-based assays to detect Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle missed by tuberculin skin testing     

Coad M  Downs SH  Durr PA  Clifton-Hadley RS  Hewinson RG  Vordermeier HM  Whelan AO 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(12):382-384

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Unitary control in quantum ensembles: maximizing signal intensity in coherent spectroscopy     

SJ Glaser  T Schulte-Herbruggen  M Sieveking  O Schedletzky  NC Nielsen  OW Sorensen  C Griesinger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5362):421-424

Experiments in coherent magnetic resonance, microwave, and optical spectroscopy control quantum-mechanical ensembles by guiding them from initial states toward target states by unitary transformation. Often, the coherences detected as signals are represented by a non-Hermitian operator. Hence, spectroscopic experiments, such as those used in nuclear magnetic resonance, correspond to unitary transformations between operators that in general are not Hermitian. A gradient-based systematic procedure for optimizing these transformations is described that finds the largest projection of a transformed initial operator onto the target operator and, thus, the maximum spectroscopic signal. This method can also be used in applied mathematics and control theory.  相似文献   

Flat earth economics and site-specific crop management: how flat is flat?     

Andrew Rogers  Tiho Ancev  Brett Whelan 《Precision Agriculture》2016,17(1):108-120

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Insensitivity of soil biological communities to phosphorus fertilization in intensively managed grassland systems          下载免费PDF全文

P. A. Massey  R. E. Creamer  M. J. Whelan  K. Ritz 《Grass and Forage Science》2016,71(1):139-152

Efficient soil P cycling is essential for promoting optimal and sustainable grassland growth. The soil biological community is regarded as an important source of available P to the plant community. However, the effects of P fertilization on the soil biota are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of P fertilization on plant and soil biological communities in two intensively managed grassland sites that had been receiving mineral‐based P fertilization over a 14‐year period. Both pastures had been frequently cut and harvested for plant material and had received only inorganic fertilizers from the establishment of the trial. Both sites were sampled four times from October 2009 to April 2011 and plant and a range of soil biological parameters were determined at each sampling period. The main findings of this study showed that soil chemical measures, such as labile inorganic P and total P concentrations, and plant yield and P contents responded as expected to P fertilization. However, all soil biological parameters either showed no response or inconsistent responses to P fertilization over the experimental period. This study indicates that intensive management regimes, for example intensive plant harvesting and fertilizer regimes, appear to override the relationship between plant and soil biological communities with respect to their response to P fertilization, and thus their productivity is apparently not predicated upon biotic activity.  相似文献