Survey of vets employed in industry     

Sheridan L  Whelan K 《The Veterinary record》2011,168(20):543-544

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Plasma Cortisol Concentrations after CIDR Insertion in Beef Cows     

ST Long  NC Thinh  M Yusuf  T Nakao 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):181-184

The objective of this study was to show plasma cortisol concentration after treatment with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) in non‐suckling beef cows. On day 9 after oestrus, two cows were inserted with CIDR into the vagina for 24 h and the other two cows were treated as a control group. Four days later, the two control cows were treated with CIDR and the other two CIDR‐treated cows were used as controls. Cortisol concentrations were determined by ELISA in plasma samples collected before, during and after insertion of CIDR. There was a significant increase in plasma cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) after insertion of CIDR. Mean (±SEM) plasma cortisol concentrations increased from 1.3 ± 0.4 to a peak of 8.8 ± 1.1 ng/ml at 5 h and then decreased to basal concentrations at 7 h after insertion of the device. In conclusion, the insertion of intra‐vaginal device causes an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations in beef cows, although the pathophysiological significance of the elevation of cortisol is not known.  相似文献   

Adrenocortical Response in Cows after Intramuscular Injection of Long‐Acting Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Tetracosactide Acetate Zinc Suspension)     

NC Thinh  C Yoshida  ST Long  M Yusuf  T Nakao 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(2):296-300

The objectives of this study were first to show adrenocortical response to a long‐acting adrenocorticotropic hormone preparation (tetracosactide acetate zinc suspension) (ACTH‐Z) and its effect on adrenocortical function in beef cows ( Experiment 1 ) and second to apply the ACTH‐Z challenge in dairy cows based on cortisol concentrations in milk collected at routine milking ( Experiment 2 ). In Experiment 1 , four beef cows in luteal phase were challenged with ACTH‐Z, and plasma cortisol concentrations were determined for 48 h after the injection at 30‐min to 2‐h intervals. A rapid ACTH test was conducted 3 days before and 2 h after the completion of ACTH‐Z injection for 48 h to investigate the effect on adrenocortical function. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly 30 min after ACTH‐Z injection (p < 0.001), and the high cortisol levels were maintained for approximately 10 h after the injection. In Experiment 2 , eight dairy cows were subjected to ACTH‐Z challenge 1–2 weeks and 4–5 weeks post‐partum. Blood and milk samples were taken at morning and afternoon milking. All the cows showed a significant increase in cortisol concentrations in plasma as well as in skim milk 8 h after ACTH‐Z injection 1–2 weeks and 4–5 weeks post‐partum (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between plasma and skim milk cortisol concentrations 8 h after ACTH‐Z challenge (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). The results obtained in this study suggest that elevated levels of plasma cortisol are maintained for approximately 10 h after ACTH‐Z treatment without adverse effect on adrenocortical function and a long‐acting ACTH‐Z challenge based on cortisol concentrations in milk, which were collected at the morning and the afternoon milking, can be a useful tool to monitor adrenocortical function in cows.  相似文献   

Sleep aid toxicosis in dogs: 317 cases (2004–2010)     

Adam R. Lancaster DVM  Justine A. Lee DVM  DACVECC  Lynn R. Hovda RPH  DVM  MS  DACVIM  Brian T. Hardy DVM  Lee X. Miyahara VMD  Elizabeth P. Martin VMD  Megan F. Whelan DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2011,21(6):658-665

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A critique of the Texas A&M model when used to simulate beef cattle grazing pasture     

M.B. Whelan  E.J.A. Späth  F.H.W. Morley 《Agricultural Systems》1984,14(2):81-84

This paper describes the experiences of the authors with the Texas A&M University model when used to simulate the production of beef cattle in a grazing system. Problems associated with the lack of interaction between pasture and animals, including the monthly time interval, supplementation and an input parameter (weight at maturity), are discussed.  相似文献   

Distribution and activation of T-lymphocyte subsets in tuberculous bovine lymph-node granulomas     

Liebana E  Marsh S  Gough J  Nunez A  Vordermeier HM  Whelan A  Spencer Y  Clifton-Hardley R  Hewinson G  Johnson L 《Veterinary pathology》2007,44(3):366-372

The immune response against mycobacterial infections is dependant upon a complex interaction between T lymphocytes and macrophages in the context of the granuloma. For this study, we performed the analysis of 18 stage I or II, and 13 stage III or IV granulomas found in lymph nodes from 8 experimentally and 2 naturally infected cattle. T-cell subpopulations (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), WC1(+), CD25(+)) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. In the majority of stage I/II lesions, CD8(+) and CD25(+) cells were predominantly found in the lymphocytic outer region of the granuloma, suggesting a possible role for activated CD8(+) cells in the initial attempt to restrain the granuloma growth. CD4(+) T cells appeared equally distributed in the lymphocytic mantle and in the internal areas of the granulomas. WC1(+) cells appeared interspersed among the macrophages. We speculated that this could indicate a role for these 2 subsets in the maintenance and the maturation of the granuloma. In stage III/IV lesions, all of the T-cell subsets investigated appeared interspersed among the mononuclear component of the granulomas. In general terms, there was a higher density of CD8(+) cells compared with CD4(+) cells. However, there was no sense of rimming effect for any of the investigated cell populations.  相似文献   

Involvement of PAPP‐A and IGFR1 in Cystic Ovarian Disease in Cattle          下载免费PDF全文

FM Rodríguez  M Colombero  AN Amweg  E Huber  NC Gareis  NR Salvetti  HH Ortega  F Rey 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):659-668

Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the main causes of infertility in dairy cattle. It has been shown that intra‐ovarian factors, such as members of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system, may contribute to follicular persistence. The bioavailability of IGF to initiate its response by binding to specific receptors (IGFRs) depends on interactions with related compounds, such as pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A). The aim of this study was to determine IGFR1 and PAPP‐A expression both in follicles at different stages of development and in cysts, to evaluate the roles in the etiopathogenesis of COD in cattle. The mRNA expression of PAPP‐A was higher in granulosa cells of large tertiary follicles than in cysts, whereas the protein PAPP‐A present in the follicular fluid from these follicles showed no differences. Although no PAPP‐A mRNA expression was detected in smaller tertiary follicles, in their follicular fluid, this protease was detected in lesser concentration than in cysts. The mRNA expression of IGFR1 was lower in granulosa cells from cystic follicles than in those from tertiary ones. However, the protein expression of this receptor presented the highest levels in cystic structures, probably to increase the possibility of IGF response. The data obtained would indicate that animals with COD have an altered regulation of the IGF system in the ovary, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease in cattle.  相似文献   

Asparagine hydroxylation of the HIF transactivation domain a hypoxic switch   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lando D  Peet DJ  Whelan DA  Gorman JJ  Whitelaw ML 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5556):858-861

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Using Cs measurements to validate the application of the AGNPS and ANSWERS erosion and sediment yield models in two small Devon catchments     

D. E. Walling  Q. He  P. A. Whelan 《Soil & Tillage Research》2003,69(1-2):27-43

Distributed erosion and sediment yield models are being increasingly used for predicting soil erosion and sediment yields in agricultural catchments. In most applications, validation of such models has commonly been restricted to comparison of the predicted and measured sediment output from a catchment, because spatially distributed information on rates and patterns of soil redistribution within the catchment has been lacking. However, such spatially distributed data are needed for rigorous model testing, in order to validate the internal functioning of a model and its applicability at different spatial scales. The study reported in this paper uses two approaches to test the performance of the agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS) and areal non-point source watershed environmental response simulation (ANSWERS) erosion and sediment yield models in two small catchments in Devon, UK. These involve, firstly, comparison of observed and predicted runoff and sediment output data for individual storm events monitored at the basin outlets and, secondly, information on the spatial pattern of soil redistribution within the catchments derived from ¹³⁷Cs measurements. The results obtained indicate that catchment outputs simulated by both models are reasonably consistent with the recorded values, although the AGNPS model appears to provide closer agreement between observed and predicted values. However, the spatial patterns of soil redistribution and the sediment delivery ratios predicted for the two catchments by the AGNPS and ANSWERS models differ significantly. Comparison of the catchment sediment delivery ratios and the pattern of soil redistribution in individual fields predicted by the models with equivalent information derived from ¹³⁷Cs measurements indicates that the AGNPS model provides more meaningful predictions of erosion and sediment yield under UK conditions than the ANSWERS model and emphasises the importance of using information on both catchment output and sediment redistribution within the catchment for model validation.  相似文献   

Does resource‐mediated stress affect colony personality in leaf‐cutting ants?     

Lailla C Gandra  Karina D Amaral  Joel C Couceiro  Raul NC Guedes  Terezinha MC Della Lucia 《Pest management science》2021,77(1):96-103

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