Does the Amount of Progesterone in Intravaginal Implants Used to Synchronise Oestrus Affect the Reproductive Performance of Brahman Heifers Artificially Inseminated at a Fixed Time     

NJ Phillips  G Fordyce  B Burns  P Williams  D Mayer  GA Bo  MR McGowan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):e392-e397

The study tested the hypothesis that reduced intravaginal implant progesterone (P₄) concentration to synchronise oestrus would increase pregnancy rates to fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Bos indicus heifers. Brahman heifers (n = 294; 2 year) were body condition scored (BCS), weighed and scanned for presence of a corpus luteum (CL). Only cyclic heifers were selected and allocated randomly within BCS and 25 kg bodyweight category to one of three P₄ treatment groups. On day 10, heifers received a P₄ implant (CueMate‐1‐pod, 0.78g P₄; CueMate‐2‐pod, 1.56g P₄; or CIDR‐B, 1.9g P₄), 2 mg oestradiol benzoate (ODB) intramuscularly (IM) and 250 ug cloprostenol IM. At day 2, the implant was removed, 250 ug cloprostenol was injected IM and tail paint applied. The heifers received 1 mg ODB 24 h later and were FTAI 48–54 h after implant removal (day 0). Ten randomly selected heifers per group were blood sampled and scanned at days 10, 2, 0 and 6 to define the P₄ profiles pre‐ and post‐FTAI. Heifers were heat‐detected 18–20 days post‐FTAI and oestrous heifers AI’d by the AM/PM rule. Bulls joined the heifers on day 27 post‐FTAI. Transrectal ultrasonography estimated conception date on day 72. Statistical analysis examined the effects of treatment, technician, semen, ovarian status, BCS and liveweight, on pregnancy rate (PR) to FTAI. There was no significant difference (p = 0.362) in PR between treatment groups (CueMate 1‐pod, 36.4%; CueMate 2‐pod, 39.6%: CIDR‐B, 28.3%), but PR was higher in those heifers with increased BCS between FTAI and pregnancy diagnosis (p = 0.005). Thirty‐three per cent of monitor heifers had plasma P₄ concentrations of <1 ng/ml on day 6 after FTAI; only 20% of these conceived vs 60% of heifers with P₄ ≥ 1 ng/ml. In summary, no significant difference in PR was identified between treatments but good BCS and a rising plane of nutrition were critical to PR of these pure grade Brahman heifers in northern Australia.  相似文献   

Use of Vaginal Electrical Resistance to Diagnose Oestrus,Dioestrus and Early Pregnancy in Synchronized Tropically Adapted Beef Heifers     

CD Hockey  ST Norman  JM Morton  D Boothby  NJ Phillips  MR McGowan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):629-636

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a single measurement of intravaginal electrical resistance (VER), using the commercially available Ovatec^® probe, can discriminate between dioestrus and oestrus in Bos indicus females, which had been treated to synchronize oestrus. Santa Gertrudis heifers (n = 226) received one of three oestrous synchronization treatments: double PGF_2α 10 days apart, 8‐day controlled internal drug release (CIDR) treatment or CIDR pre‐synchronization + PGF_2α 10 days after CIDR removal. The heifers were inseminated within 12 h following observed oestrus, or, if not observed, at a fixed time approximately 80 h, following the last synchronization treatment. They were palpated per rectum for signs of pregnancy 9 weeks after artificial insemination (AI). Vaginal electrical resistance measurements were taken at the completion of synchronization treatments (presumed dioestrus), immediately prior to AI (oestrus), and then at 3 and 9 weeks post‐AI. Mean VER differed between presumed dioestrus and oestrus (113.7 vs 87.4, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.925, indicating that VER was highly discriminatory between dioestrus and oestrus. Vaginal electrical resistance at time of AI was negatively associated with odds of conception when all inseminations were included in the analyses [odds ratio (OR) = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–1.00; p = 0.018], but not when fixed time AIs were excluded (OR = 1.00; 95% CI 0.97–1.03; p = 0.982). Mean VER readings differed between pregnant and non‐pregnant animals at both 3 weeks (120.5 vs 96.7, p < 0.001) and 9 weeks (124.0 vs 100.3, p < 0.001) post‐AI. However, 3‐ and 9‐week VER measurements were not highly discriminatory between pregnancy and non‐pregnancy (area under ROC curve = 0.791 and 0.736, respectively). Mean VER at time of AI for animals diagnosed in oestrus differed between each of the oestrous synchronization treatments (84.7, 73.6 and 78.9, groups 1–3 respectively, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that measurement of VER may improve accuracy of oestrus diagnoses when selecting cattle for AI following oestrous synchronization programmes involving tropically adapted cattle.  相似文献   

Health screening for a translocation of captive-reared tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) to an island refuge     

BD Gartrell  E Jillings  BA Adlington  H Mack  NJ Nelson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):344-349

AIMS: To screen tuatara undergoing translocation from a captive crèche to an island refuge for evidence of health and known diseases, and apply basic epidemiological techniques to assess the significance of disease test results.

METHODS: Tuatara (n=353) were physically examined and samples were taken from a random selection (n=30) for estimated white cell counts, screening for haemoparasites, and culture for Salmonella, Yersinia, Aeromonas and Campylobacter spp. Direct faecal smears were carried out on-site, and faecal floats were later performed to assess levels of endoparasitism with helminths and protozoa (n=69). Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used to screen faecal smears, and positive specimens were further screened using an immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test for Cryptosporidium oocysts.

RESULTS: There was no evidence of external parasites on any of the animals examined and only one animal had a gross abnormality. All estimated white cell counts were in the range 2.8– 17.5 × 10⁹/L. No haemoparasites were observed. There were no enteric pathogens cultured, indicating the intestinal carriage of these bacteria in the tuatara was 9.4%. Of the 69 individual faecal samples examined, 12 (17%) had unidentified coccidial oocysts, 21 (30%) had nematode ova of various kinds, and 12 (17%) had intestinal carriage of motile protozoa consistent with Trichomonas spp and another unidentified organism. Nineteen (28%) tuatara had acid-fast oocysts present; however, IFA staining failed to detect any Cryptosporidium oocysts.

CONCLUSIONS: Our understanding of the diversity of gastrointestinal endoparasites affecting tuatara is inadequate as many of the parasite ova seen could not be identified. This is the first record of tuatara as a host for Trichomonas spp of protozoa in the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

NT‐proBNP and cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with tick paralysis caused by Ixodes holocyclus          下载免费PDF全文

GP Nicolson  ALH McGrath  RA Webster  J Li  S Kaye  R Malik  NJ Beijerink 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(8):274-279

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Dermatomycosis caused by Paranannizziopsis australasiensis in five tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) and a coastal bearded dragon (Pogona barbata) in a zoological collection in New Zealand     

NJ Masters  S Alexander  B Jackson  L Sigler  J Chatterton  C Harvey 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(5):301-307

CASE HISTORY: Health monitoring of tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) at Auckland Zoo between 2001 and 2009 showed that 58/93 tuatara had been affected by dermatitis of unknown origin. From 2011 onwards, cases of suspected fungal dermatitis underwent extensive diagnostic investigations.

CLINCAL FINDINGS: Six cases of dermatomycosis were attributed to Paranannizziopsis australasiensis, five in tuatara and one in a coastal bearded dragon (Pogona barbata). Cases presented typically as raised, yellow to brown encrustations on the skin. Severe cases progressed to necrotising ulcerative dermatitis, and in the bearded dragon to fatal systemic mycosis. Following topical and systemic treatments, lesions resolved in all five tuatara.

LABORATORY FINDINGS: Histopathological examination of skin biopsy samples revealed dermatitis with intralesional septate branching hyphae. Fungal culture yielded isolates morphologically resembling Chrysosporium species, and isolates were submitted for molecular confirmation and sequencing of DNA.

DIAGNOSIS: All six cases were confirmed as dermatitis due to infection with P. australasiensis, on the basis of fungal culture and DNA sequencing of isolates.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These are the first reported cases of dermatomycosis associated with P. australasiensis infection in tuatara, and the first cases in which systemic therapeutic agents have been used in the treatment of such disease. Tuatara at the Auckland Zoo are now routinely examined every 3 months and tissue samples from any lesions sent for histopathology and fungal culture. Further work to elucidate the epidemiology and significance of P. australasiensis infections in reptiles in New Zealand is important for both welfare and conservation purposes.  相似文献   

Anti‐Müllerian Hormone in the Domestic Dog during the Anestrus to Oestrous Transition          下载免费PDF全文

JB Nagashima  BS Hansen  N Songsasen  AJ Travis  NJ Place 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):158-164

The reproductive cycle of the domestic dog features a long period of relative ovarian inactivity or anestrus. The mechanism of anestrous termination/oestrous resumption is not yet fully understood, which presents a challenge to the development of oestrous induction protocols. In this study, we assess the possibility that anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) might play a role in this transition by characterizing its patterns of expression in the circulation during the transition from anestrus to oestrous and in all stages of ovarian follicular growth. Serum samples from five beagles (2.0–4.5 years) were collected three times per week at least 30 days prior to the onset of oestrous and assessed for AMH concentrations. Serum AMH concentration increased significantly during the transition from anestrus to proestrus and then declined back to the anestrous baseline beginning on day ?4 before the luteinizing hormone surge, which was determined by changes in serum progesterone concentrations. Cortical sections of ovaries from females undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy (aged 8 months–5 years, n = 4) were evaluated for AMH by immunohistochemistry. Pre‐antral and small antral follicles were most strongly immunoreactive for AMH. These data suggest that the increase in the number of antral follicles is associated with the rise in serum AMH as the anestrous period comes to an end. The rise in AMH might be useful in predicting the onset of oestrus and therefore assist with the optimization of oestrous induction protocols and possibly other assisted reproductive technologies.  相似文献   

Isolation of Mycoplasma spumans from polyarthritis in a Greyhound   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. D. BARTON  L. IRELAND  J. L. KIRSCHNER  C. FORBES 《Australian veterinary journal》1985,62(6):206-207

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Avermectin toxicity in calves and an evaluation of picrotoxin as an antidote     

C BUTTON  R BARTON  P HONEY  P RICKFORD 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(5):157-158

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The potential of the polymerase chain reaction in veterinary research and diagnosis     

NJ DEACON  M LAH 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(12):442-444

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Pasteurella multocida septicaemia in pigs     

JT MACKIE  M. BARTON  J. KETTLEWELL 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(9):227-228

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