玉米青贮与花生秧配比对奶牛瘤胃中花生秧降解特性的影响     

秦雯霄  廉红霞  付彤  高腾云  孙宇  李改英 《动物营养学报》2015,(6)

本试验旨在研究玉米青贮与花生秧配比对奶牛瘤胃中花生秧降解特性的影响。选择4头体重、生理状态、生产性能相近,装有永久瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛,分别饲喂含有玉米青贮与花生秧不同配比的全混合日粮(TMR),3种TMR中玉米青贮与花生秧的干物质(DM)配比分别为3.9∶1.0(A组)、1.2∶1.0(B组)、0.4∶1.0(C组)。试验分3期进行,依次进行A、B、C组试验。每期预试15 d,采样期4 d;共57 d。采用尼龙袋瘤胃降解技术测定花生秧在奶牛瘤胃中DM、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的72 h瘤胃降解率,并求得目标养分的动态降解参数及有效降解率。结果表明:1)花生秧的DM在瘤胃中有效降解率为56.49%~59.62%,CP为40.45%~47.36%,NDF为33.26%~35.20%,ADF为36.31%~37.45%。2)B组DM的有效降解率显著高于C组(P0.05),极显著高于A组(P0.01);B、C组的CP有效降解率显著高于A组(P0.05)。3)B、C组的NDF快速降解部分含量显著高于A组(P0.05);3种TMR对花生秧粗NDF和ADF有效降解率无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,花生秧具有较高的饲用价值。本试验条件下,玉米青贮与花生秧DM配比为1.2∶1.0时,可有效提高花生秧DM和CP的瘤胃降解率。  相似文献   

产前和产后香味剂印迹训练对仔猪断奶后采食偏好的影响及其机理     

张鑫  李方方  朱宇旌  郑丽莉  张勇 《动物营养学报》2015,(6)

仔猪断奶后受到心理、营养、环境等多方面的刺激,导致应激反应,影响仔猪的采食量。固体饲粮代替母乳是最大的应激源,通过在母猪饲粮中添加香味剂对仔猪产前和产后进行香味剂印迹训练,使仔猪逐渐喜欢这种气味,降低其对添加相同香味剂饲粮的应激反应,并对有相同气味的饲粮有采食偏好,从而提高仔猪的采食量。本文对产前和产后香味剂印迹训练对仔猪断奶后采食偏好的影响及其机理进行综述,为养猪业相关试验研究提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Citations of plenary-session articles published in the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics     

Salman MD  Dewell R  Willeberg P  GrandMaison N  Schoenbaum M  Moothart T 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2007,80(1):82-86

We measured the potential impact of articles representing the International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE) plenary-session presentations in subsequent published literature. Between July 1, 2004 and November 9, 2004, we searched the Web of Science for citations in the scientific literature to all 99 plenary-session articles published in the proceedings of the previous nine ISVEEs (or in journal special issues dedicated to the ISVEE plenary articles). We used a 4-year window around the publication of each of the ISVEE proceedings. We located 187 citations for 37 (of the 99) articles. We infer that the ISVEE proceedings represent an important resource for veterinary epidemiology.  相似文献   

Comparison of water status indicators for young peach trees   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

Damiano?RemoriniEmail author  Rossano?Massai 《Irrigation Science》2003,22(1):39-46

We measured a series of physiological and physical indicators and compared them to xylem sap flow, to identify the most sensitive and reliable plant water status indicator. In the growing season of 1998, 4-year-old peach trees (Prunus persica Batsch cv. 'Suncrest', grafted on 'GF 677' rootstock) were studied under two irrigation treatments, 25 l day^у and no irrigation, and during recovery. Trials were conducted near Pisa (Italy) in a peach orchard situated on a medium clay loam soil and equipped with a drip-irrigation system (four 4 l h^у drippers per tree). Measurements of leaf water potential (ƒ_W), stem water potential (ƒ_S), and leaf temperature (T_l) were taken over 5 days (from dawn to sunset) and analyzed in conjunction with climatic data, sap flow (SF), trunk diameter fluctuation (TDF) and soil water content (SWC). Physiological indicators showed substantial differences in sensitivity. The first indication of changes in water status was the decrease of stem radial growth. TDF and SF revealed significant differences between the two irrigation treatments even in the absence of differences in pre-dawn leaf water potential (pdƒ_W), up until now widely accepted as the benchmark of water status indicators. Irrigated trees showed a typical trend in SF rate during the day, while in non-irrigated plants the maximum peak of transpiration was anticipated. Measurements of water potential showed ƒ_S to be a better indicator of tree water status than ƒ_W. T_l was found to have poor sensitivity. In conclusion, we found the sensitivity of the indicators from the most to the least was: TDF >SF rate >SF cumulated = pdƒ_W=ƒ_S>mdƒ_W>T_l.  相似文献   

Controlled water table management as a strategy for reducing salt loads from subsurface drainage under perennial agriculture in semi-arid Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

John?W.?HornbuckleEmail author  Evan?W.?Christen  James?E.?Ayars  Richard?D.?Faulkner 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2005,19(2):145-159

Recent community based actions to ensure the sustainability of irrigation and protection of associated ecosystems in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) of Australia has seen the implementation of a regional Land and Water Management Plan. This aims to improve land and water management within the irrigation area and minimise downstream impacts associated with irrigation. One of the plan objectives is to decrease current salt loads generated from subsurface drainage in perennial horticulture within the area from 20 000 tonnes/year to 17 000 tonnes/year. In order to meet such objectives Controlled Water table Management (CWM) is being investigated as a possible ‘Best Management Practice’, to reduce drainage volumes and salt loads.During 2000–2002 a trial was conducted on a 15 ha subsurface drained vineyard. This compared a traditional unmanaged subsurface drainage system with a controlled drainage system utilizing weirs to maintain water tables and changes in irrigation scheduling to maximize the potential crop use of a shallow water table. Drainage volumes, salt loads and water table elevations throughout the field were monitored to investigate the effects of controlled drainage on drain flows and salt loads.Results from the experiment showed that controlled drainage significantly reduced drainage volumes and salt loads compared to unmanaged systems. However, there were marked increases in soil salinity which will need to be carefully monitored and managed.  相似文献   

Potato evapotranspiration and yield under different drip irrigation regimes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yaohu?KangEmail author  Feng-Xin?Wang  Hai-Jun?Liu  Bao-Zhong?Yuan 《Irrigation Science》2004,23(3):133-143

A field experiment comparing different irrigation frequencies and soil matric potential thresholds on potato evapotranspiration (ET), yield (Y) and water-use efficiency (WUE) was carried out in a loam soil. The experiment included five treatments for soil matric potential: F1 (-15 kPa), F2 (-25 kPa), F3 (-35 kPa), F4 (-45 kPa) and F5 (-55 kPa) and six treatments for irrigation frequency: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days), N3 (once every 3 days), N4 (once every 4 days), N6 (once every 6 days) and N8 (once every 8 days). Results indicate that both soil matric potential and drip irrigation frequency influenced potato ET, Y and WUE. Potato ET increased as irrigation frequency and soil matric potential increased. Comparing soil water potential, the highest ET was 63.4 mm (32.1%) more than the lowest value. Based on irrigation frequency treatments, the highest ET was 36.7 mm (19.2%) more than the lowest value. Potato Y and WUE were also found to increase as irrigation frequency increased. Potato Y increased with an increase in soil water potential then started to decrease. The highest Y and WUE values were achieved with a soil matric potential threshold of -25 kPa and an irrigation frequency of once a day.Communicated by J. Ayars  相似文献   

Malignant transformation of a unicameral bone cyst in a cat     

Bj?rn Berger  Andreas Brühschwein  Lina Eddicks  Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2016,57(4):377-381

A unicameral bone cyst in the proximal humerus of a 3-year-old Norwegian forest cat was diagnosed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, surgical exploration, and histopathology. Surgical curettage and incorporation of bone cement led to full recovery. An osteosarcoma developed at the surgical site 17 months later. Thoracic radiographs showed pulmonary lesions consistent with metastasis.  相似文献   

Metabolic differentiation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei into procyclic forms. Effect of hydroxyurea, arabinosyl adenine, and serum omission   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A Markos  A Blah?sková  M Kalous  E Bysková  K Byska  E Nohynková 《Folia parasitologica》1989,36(3):225-238

Bloodforms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei STIB 247 taken from rats and containing more than 80 per cent short stumpy forms, differentiated in vitro to procyclic forms in medium SDM 79 (Brun and Sch?nenberger 1979), enriched with 3 mmol.dm-3 cis-aconitate. Cell division was abolished by the addition of hydroxyurea (200 micrograms.ml-1) or arabinosyl adenine (20 micrograms.ml-1 to the cultivation medium, or by the omission of serum from the medium. The ultrastructure of exponentially growing controls was rearranged within 24 h. The endogenous respiration and the respiration stimulated by proline, succinate, and 2-oxoglutarate were detectable within 12 h; after 48 h the respiration rates were comparable to those found in the established procyclic forms. After 12 h the respiration was inhibited by 200 mumol.dm-3 KCN, and by 20 mumol.dm-3 antimycin to the extent found in procyclic forms. Hydroxyurea did not significantly affect respiration. Activities of procyclic-stage enzyme markers malate dehydrogenase, threonine dehydrogenase, succinate: cytochrome c reductase, and NADH: cytochrome c reductase rose within 48 h of differentiation to values which were close to those found in established procyclic forms. The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-specific), however, was only 1/3 of that in the procyclics, and no citrate synthase was detected in differentiating culture. Glycosomal malate dehydrogenase was detected after 6 h. In the presence of hydroxyurea or arabinosyl adenine, or in the absence of serum, respiration rates, marker enzyme activities, and glycosomal malate dehydrogenase developed to the extent comparable to the untreated controls. The results suggest that it is possible to separate the process of differentiation from cell proliferation. Cell division is not a necessary prerequisite of differentiation.  相似文献   

Ultrastructure of the excretory system of Brachylaimus aequans (Trematoda: Brachylaimoidea)     

T N Soboleva  Z Zdárská  J St?rba  J Valkounová 《Folia parasitologica》1988,35(4):335-339

The ultrastructure of the flame cell, excretory capillaries, ducts, collecting ducts, excretory bladder, and excretory pore of Brachylaimus aequans was studied 6-8 days p.i. The excretory ducts, collecting ducts and excretory bladder are provided with numerous lamellae on the luminal side. The cilia of lateral flames in the excretory ducts have a triated rootlet. The excretory pore is covered by a tegument identical with the body tegument. The syncytium of the excretory bladder is connected with the tegument of the excretory pore by means of a septate desmosome. No lipid or excretory corpuscles have been demonstrated in the excretory system.  相似文献   

Entamoeba histolytica--the virulence of imported strains     

M Giboda  O Ditrich  N Vrchotová  J Gutvirth  P Noll  J St?rba 《Folia parasitologica》1990,37(1):9-19

We tested the virulence of 15 strains of Entamoeba histolytica, imported to Czechoslovakia, by intracaecal inoculation of laboratory rats. According to the scoring system of Neal, none of the 15 strains possessed the virulence index greater than 2. This indicates that all the organisms tested should be classified as avirulent. However, it should be noted that all the strains produced infection of the caecum and thus should be considered infective for rat. For 7 strains, isoenzyme patterns were determined for PGM, HK and ME. One imported strain, obtained from student from Congo, demonstrated isoenzyme pattern for PGM and HK indicated that the strain was virulent. This organisms had the index of virulence 1.8 (avirulent) in animal experiment; it was isolated from cysts of clinically asymptomatic patient. Examination of the rectal mucosa of the donor of the strain indicated typical chronic catarrhal proctitis of mild degree. Examination of the patient's serum demonstrated the presence of anti E. histolytica antibodies by CIEP, while the ELISA test was negative. Twenty-one cyst carriers were examined by rectoscopy. Pathologic changes were observed in 20 of these, as follows: altered vascular structure (13X), roughened mucosa (12X), mucosal reddening (10X), decreased glistening (7X), mucus in mucosa (5X), inflammatory pseudopolypes (2X), ulcers (2X), enanthema (1X). Histological biopsies were obtained in 15 cases. One was considered normal. Remaining 14 biopsies exhibited following morphological changes: increased mucus secretion (8X), edema (7X), lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration (6X), lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration in addition to the presence of eosinophilic granulocytes (6X), presence of mucophages (5X), haemorrhages (4X), increased vascularity (3X), lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration with presence of extremely abundant eosinophilic granulocytes (1X), erosive-ulcerative changes of mucosa (1X). The changes observed indicated chronic catarrhal proctitis with expression to greater or less degree of signs of chronic catarrhal inflammation.  相似文献