Long‐term selection using a single trait criterion,non‐destructive deformation,in White Leghorns: Effect over time on genetic parameters for traits related to egg production          下载免费PDF全文

Olivier Gervais  Keijiro Nirasawa  Christian E. Vincenot  Yoshitaka Nagamine  Kazuyuki Moriya 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):222-230

Although non‐destructive deformation is relevant for assessing eggshell strength, few long‐term selection experiments are documented which use non‐destructive deformation as a selection criterion. This study used restricted maximum likelihood‐based methods with a four‐trait animal model to analyze the effect of non‐destructive deformation on egg production, egg weight and sexual maturity in a two‐way selection experiment involving 17 generations of White Leghorns. In the strong shell line, corresponding to the line selected for low non‐destructive deformation values, the heritability estimates were 0.496 for non‐destructive deformation, 0.253 for egg production, 0.660 for egg weight and 0.446 for sexual maturity. In the weak shell line, corresponding to the line selected for high non‐destructive deformation values, the heritabilities were 0.372, 0.162, 0.703 and 0.404, respectively. An asymmetric response to selection was observed for non‐destructive deformation, egg production and sexual maturity, whereas egg weight decreased for both lines. Using non‐destructive deformation to select for stronger eggshell had a small negative effect on egg production and sexual maturity, suggesting the need for breeding programs to balance selection between eggshell traits and egg production traits. However, the analysis of the genetic correlation between non‐destructive deformation and egg weight revealed that large eggs are not associated with poor eggshell quality.  相似文献   

An unusual outbreak of contagious ovine ecthyma   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CD HAWKINS  TM ELLIS  MK DAVIES  RL PEET  J. PARKINSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(6):210-211

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Genetic parameters for ultrasonic fat thickness of Japanese Shorthorn cattle     

Nagamine Y  Roehe R  Awata T  Kalm E 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1997,114(1-6):99-106

SUMMARY: Records of performance testing from 309 Japanese Shorthorn bulls were used to estimate genetic parameters for ultrasonic fat thickness. Young bulls were tested for 140 days from 9 months of age. Backfat was measured by ultrasound at six positions on each side, from shoulder to loin, at a constant weight of 470 kg. Four of the positions were approximately 10 cm from the mid-line and were defined as upper positions. Two positions were 25 cm from the mid-line and were defined as lower positions. Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, using canonical transformation under a multi-trait animal model. Heritabilities (h(2) ) from a single measurement were 0.32-0.48 on upper positions and 0.37-0.27 on lower positions. Corresponding positions on each side of the animal showed very high genetic correlations, from 0.94 to 0.99. The estimated h(2) values of the sum of measurements of four left and right upper positions were 0.52 on both sides. The sum of measurements from eight upper positions showed the highest h(2) , 0.55, and genetic correlations among these summed measurements were nearly 1. Genetic correlations between average daily gain and all fat measurements were mostly slightly negative. The estimated h(2) value for daily gain was 0.44. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Genetische Parameter für ultraschallgemessene Fettdicke japanischer Shorthorn Rinder Die Messungen an 309 japanischen Shorthorn Bullen wurden zur Sch?tzung herangezogen. Diese waren von 140 Tagen bis 9 Monate Alter einer Mastleistungas prüfung unterzogen worden. Ultraschall Fettdicke wurde an 6 Positionen von Schulter bis Lende bei 470 kg Gewicht erhoben, vier ungef?hr 10 cm der Mittellinie werden als obere, zwei 25 cm entfernt als untere Position definiert. Die Varianzkomponenten wurden nach kanonischer Transformation auf der Basis eines Mehr-Merkmalmodells mittels restringiertier Maximum Likelihood gesch?tzt. Heritabilit?ten für Einzelmerkmale waren für obere Positionen 0,32 bis 0,48, fü untere 0,37 bis 0,27, die genetischen Korrelationen waren zwischen 0,94 und 0,99. Die Heritabilit?t für die Summe der vier oberen Positionen an jeder Seite war 0,52, die für alle acht oberen Positionen 0,55. Genetishce Korrelationen zwischen Tageszuwachs und allen Fettdicken waren meistens schwach negativ, die Heritabilit?t für ersteren 0,44.  相似文献   

新疆小麦地方品种籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline 基因等位变异研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丛花  王宏飞  章艳凤  严勇亮  池田达哉  高田兼则  长峰司 《新疆农业科学》2011,48(6):1056-1063

[目的]籽粒硬度是重要的小麦品质性状,了解新生疆小麦地方品种籽粒硬度的变异类型和分布,为新疆小麦品质育种提供遗传信息.[方法]利用单籽粒硬度仪(SKCS)和PCR扩增、酶切及DNA测序技术,结合改良的Friabilin提取及电泳分析方法,对105份新疆小麦地方品种的籽粒硬度及Pina和Pint等位基因进行研究.[结果]新疆小麦地方品种以硬质类型为主,平均硬度值为63.5.新疆小麦地方品种Puroindoline基因共有9种突变型,分别是Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a,Pina-D1a/Pinb-Dlb,Pina-D1a/Pint-D1p,Pina-D1k ()/,Pina-D1l/Pinb-D1a,Pina-D1r/Pinb-D1a,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1ab,Pina-D1a/Pint-Dlac和Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1p,其中Pina-D1 r/Pinb-D1a为新发现的突变型.新疆小麦地方品种Puroindoline基因型以Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p为主导类型,共有62份,占59.1;;其Pina-D1k()/和Pina-D1 a/Pint-D1ab两种突变型与其地理来源和生态型密切相关,主要分布在南疆冬小麦中.Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a(野生型)的硬度值显著低于突变型,Pina-Dlk()/的硬度值最高,但Pins-D1k ()/ ,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1ab的硬度值差异不显著.[结论]新疆小麦地方品种籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline等位变异和分布信息能为新疆小麦品质改良和引种提供理论依据.  相似文献   

Classification of soils supporting mangrove plantation in Kuwait     

NR Bhat  MK Suleiman 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):535-551

The State of Kuwait has initiated an ambitious national program to establish greenery in 20000 ha of open spaces in inland and coastal areas. Afforestation of intertidal zones with mangrove plants is being considered as a viable option for greening coastal areas. In view of this fact, experimental plantations were established using two ecotypes of Avicennia marina (Bahrain and UAE) and one ecotype of Avicennia germinans (Florida). The study consisted of two 10-year old plantations and two 2-year old plantations. Seedlings established successfully and grew vigorously on some of the locations within the site. Therefore, studies were conducted during 2002-2003 to describe and classify soils that supported maximum mangrove establishment and growth under the harsh arid coastal conditions of Kuwait. For this purpose, eight soil profiles (four each representing areas where seedlings established successfully and grew vigorously and where all seedlings died in the initial stages of establishment) were investigated and classified according to the soil taxonomy. The main soil types observed in the study site were: Typic Aquisalids, Typic/sodic Aquicambids and Calcic Aquisalids. Mangrove growth performance in relation to the landform, soil type and properties of the soil at various depths is discussed in the paper. The plant growth appeared to be the better on the typic Aquisalid soil than that on the Typic/sodic Aquicambid soils. The relative proportions of the coarse sand fraction, occurrence of the anaerobic layer in the profile and the surface layer salinity influenced both the establishment and growth of mangrove plants.  相似文献   

Effect of Artificial Insemination Protocol and Dose of Frozen/Thawed Stallion Semen on Pregnancy Results in Mares     

JLJ Govaere  MK Hoogewijs  C De Schauwer  S De Vliegher  A Van Soom  L Duchateau  A de Kruif 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(3):487-491

Deep intra‐uterine insemination is commonly accepted as a routine procedure for artificial insemination in horses. The motives and principles of deep insemination are well described, but the equipment used may differ. In this trial, the efficiency of two different insemination pipettes for deep intra‐uterine insemination in the mare was compared with insemination into the uterine body using commercially available frozen–thawed semen of two stallions of proven fertility. These inseminations were performed using two different doses. The semi‐flexible Minitube pipette was compared with a newly designed insemination device with a more flexible telescopic insemination catheter (Ghent device). The semi‐flexible Minitube pipette performed better than the newly designed insemination device with respect to pregnancy outcome (p = 0.008). The superiority of deep horn insemination over uterine body insemination was reflected by the better pregnancy rates obtained after deep insemination using the same low doses (30.6% better pregnancy rates) (p = 0.0123).  相似文献   

Antidiabetic activities of chalcones isolated from a Japanese Herb, Angelica keiskei   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Enoki T  Ohnogi H  Nagamine K  Kudo Y  Sugiyama K  Tanabe M  Kobayashi E  Sagawa H  Kato I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(15):6013-6017

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insufficient insulin action. We have explored the edible ingredients from folk medicines in Japan that contain substances complementing insulin action, such as the induction of adipocyte differentiation and the enhancement of glucose uptake. We eventually found that the ethanol extract from a Japanese herb "Ashitaba", Angelica keiskei, contained two major chalcones of 4-hydroxyderricin (4-HD) and xanthoangelol that showed strong insulin-like activities via a pathway independent of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation. The 4-HD especially showed the preventive effects on the progression of diabetes in genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> chemosensitivity of canine mast cell tumors grades II and III to all-<Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis>-retinoic acid (ATRA).     

K. C. Pinello  M. Nagamine  T. C. Silva  P. Matsuzaki  H. V. Caetano  L. N. Torres  H. Fukumasu  J. L. Avanzo  J. M. Matera  M. L. Z. Dagli 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(6):581-588

Mast cell tumor (MCT) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms that affect the skin and soft tissue of dogs. Because mast cell tumors present a great variety of clinical appearance and behavior, their treatment becomes a challenge. While retinoids are well recognized as promising antitumor agents, there have been only a few reports about retinoids’ effect on canine cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemosensitivity of MCT grades II and III to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Immediately after surgical resection, MCT were prepared for primary culture. Samples of MCTs were also fixed in formalin for histopathology and grading according to the classification of Patnaik et al. (Veterinary Pathology 21(5):469–474, 1984). The best results were obtained when neoplastic mast cells were co-cultivated with fibroblasts. Cultured mast cells were, then, treated with concentrations of 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻⁷ M of ATRA, in order to evaluate their chemosensitivity to this retinoid. MTT assay was performed to estimate cell growth and death. The highest level of mast cell chemosensivity was obtained at the dose of 10⁻⁴ M (p < 0,002). MCT of grades II or III were equally susceptible to the treatment with ATRA. Cell death was observed on the first 24 h until 48 h. According to these results, ATRA may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of canine MCT.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular medetomidine in domestic sheep     

SBR  Kästner  D Demuth  R Bettschart-Wolfensberger  MK Akens  P Wapf  M Huhtinen† 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(4):205-206

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Effects of Ingesting Fucoidan Derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida on Human NK Cells: A Randomized,Double-Blind,Parallel-Group,Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study     

Makoto Tomori  Takeaki Nagamine  Tomofumi Miyamoto  Masahiko Iha 《Marine drugs》2021,19(6)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ingesting fucoidan derived from Okinawa mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus) on natural killer (NK) cell activity and to assess its safety in healthy adults via a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled pilot study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups—a placebo group (ingesting citric acid, sucralose, and caramel beverages; n = 20; 45.5 ± 7.8 years (mean ± standard deviation)) and a fucoidan group (3.0 g/day from beverages; n = 20; 47.0 ± 7.6 years); after 12 weeks, blood, biochemical, and immunological tests were performed. Clinically adverse events were not observed in any of the tests during the study period. In addition, adverse events due to the test food were not observed. In the immunological tests, NK cell activity was significantly enhanced at 8 weeks in the fucoidan group, compared to before ingestion (0 weeks). In addition, a significantly enhanced NK cell activity was observed in male subjects at 8 weeks, compared with the placebo group. These results confirm that Okinawa mozuku-derived fucoidan enhances NK cell activity and suggest that it is a safe food material.  相似文献