The effect of colostrum ingestion during the first 24 hours of life on early postnatal development of piglet immune systems          下载免费PDF全文

Shohei Ogawa  Takamitsu Tsukahara  Taishi Imaoka  Nobuo Nakanishi  Kazunari Ushida  Ryo Inoue 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(12):1511-1515

It has been suggested that colostrum is important not only for direct protection from pathogens but also for proper development of immune systems in piglets. In this study, we focused on the effect of colostrum ingestion during the first 24 h of life on early postnatal development of piglet immune systems. Thirty‐six piglets from five litters were divided into colostrum‐fed (CoF) and colostrum‐deprived (CoD) groups. The former group was allowed to suckle normally while formula milk was fed to the latter group during the first 24 h of life. At the weaning period, the concentrations of fecal immunoglobulin (Ig) A and plasma IgG as well as the number of blood leukocyte subsets were analyzed. Fecal IgA and plasma IgG concentrations in the CoF group were more than twice as high as those in the CoD group (P < 0.01). In addition, the number of blood B cells was significantly higher in the CoF group than that in the CoD group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that colostrum ingestion during the first 24 h plays a significant role in early postnatal development of both mucosal and systemic immunity of piglets.  相似文献   

Effects of supplementary mother liquor,by‐product of monosodium glutamate,on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics     

Yoshiaki Sato  Takashi Nakanishi  Motoharu Takeda  Kazato Oishi  Hiroyuki Hirooka  Hajime Kumagai 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(1):90-97

Mother liquor (ML) is monosodium glutamate by‐product and contains much crude protein (CP). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of two types of MLs having different chemical compositions on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics. ML1 had 74% organic matter (OM) and 70% CP and ML2 had 85% OM and 83% CP on a dry matter (DM) basis. The experiments were conducted using 0.5 gDM rolled barley or ryegrass straw as substrates. Urea and freeze‐dried MLs were added at three levels of nitrogen to be isonitrogenous. The ML1 treatment increased gas production compared with the ML2 treatment in barley substrate condition (p < 0.05). The supplementary ML2 increased gas production compared with the supplementary urea, and the digestibilities of DM and neutral detergent fiber expressed exclusive of residual ash (NDFom) were higher for the supplementary ML2 than for the supplementary ML1 in straw substrate condition (p < 0.05). In both the conditions, ammonia nitrogen concentrations of the ML1 and ML2 treatments were lower than that of the urea treatment (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the supplementary ML1 and ML2 activated in vitro ruminal fermentation particularly in concentrate and roughage substrate conditions respectively.  相似文献   

云南稻-鸭共生模式效益的研究及综合评价（三）   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

戴志明  杨华松张 曦 周晓智韩自鸿 余杨钱国平  张树清万田正治 中西良孝 魏红江 《中国农学通报》2004,20(4):265-265

通过不同放鸭只数的试验,研究了在中高产田单位面积放鸭的数量与产量构成因素和病虫草害发生的关系,分析了产量构成,病虫草害发生的情况,为稻－鸭共生模式技术的推广提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Self-seed production by CO2 gas treatment in self-incompatible cabbage     

Tetsu Nakanishi  Kokichi Hinata 《Euphytica》1975,24(1):117-120

Summary An adequate number of self-seeds was obtained in self-incompatible cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) when CO₂ gas was supplied to flowers after self-pollination. A strain, which set 0.2 self-seeds per flower in the ambient air condition, set over 10 self-seeds per flower when treated with 3.6–5.9% CO₂ for 5 h. In a strain with weaker self-incompatibility, a 4 h treatment with 1.4% CO₂ was still effective.Seed set in bud-pollination was also enhanced by applying CO₂. This method is so simple that it may be used for practical self-seed production in Brassica vegetables.  相似文献   

Chemical Characteristics in Stemflow of Japanese Cedar in Japan     

Asami Nakanishi  Hideaki Shibata  Yoji Inokura  Toshio Nakao  Hiroto Toda  Fuyuki Satoh  Kaichiro Sasa 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):709-714

To clarify the characteristics in stemflow of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), we conducted the annual and extensive observation. We examined the chemistry of bulk and wet deposition, throughfall and stemflow at 26 forested sites in June and September 1998. The each sampling site was broadly distributed in all over the Japanese archipelago. The stemflow pH of Japanese cedar was significantly lower (p<0.01) than precipitation and stemflow of broad-leaved species in both months. There were significant anion deficits in stemflow of Japanese cedar, suggesting that organic anions derived from plant sources play an important role in the stemflow acidity. Our results suggested that the strong stemflow acidity in Japanese cedar was derived from an internal biological characteristic rather than influences of external acidic deposition.  相似文献   

Improved cleanup and derivatization for gas chromatographic determination of monosodium glutamate in foods     

H Nakanishi 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1983,66(6):1528-1531

A gas chromatographic procedure is described for determining monosodium glutamate (MSG) in several types of food. A sample is extracted with acetone-water (1 + 1). Acetone is evaporated and an aliquot of the extract is buffered with 1M NH4OH-1M NH4Cl pH 9 solution, and chromatographed directly on a column of QAE Sephadex A-25 that has been pretreated with the same buffer. MSG is eluted with 0.1N HCl, and a portion of the eluate is evaporated to dryness and reacted with dimethylformamide(DMF)-dimethylacetal to form the glutamic acid derivative, which is injected into a gas chromatograph and measured by flame ionization detection. Recoveries of MSG from sample fortified at 5-500 mg ranged from 92.8 to 100%.  相似文献   

Distribution of oocysts, sporocysts and sporozoites of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima in the digestive tract of chicken.     

N Shiotani  E Baba  T Fukata  A Arakawa  T Nakanishi 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,41(1-2):17-22

The distribution of oocysts, sporocysts and sporozoites of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima in the digestive tract of chicken and in excreta was investigated. At 1 h after the oral inoculation of E. tenella oocysts, the number of sporocysts in the cecum was 3.4 x 10(6) and decreased gradually thereafter, and the number of sporozoites in the cecum increased and remained at a high level until 12 h after the inoculation. Small numbers of sporocysts and sporozoites of E. tenella were found in other intestinal sites. A great number of E. maxima sporozoites was found, especially in the jejunum, 2 h after the inoculation. The findings that the largest populations of sporozoites of E. tenella and E. maxima were found in the cecum and the jejunum, respectively, indicate that the site specificity of sporozoite invasion for each species is determined before the invasion takes place.  相似文献   

Computer image analysis for prediction of carcass composition from cross-sections of Japanese Black steers.     

A B Karnuah  K Moriya  N Nakanishi  T Nade  T Mitsuhashi  Y Sasaki 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(11):2851-2856

Carcasses from Japanese Black steers were used to obtain prediction equations for carcass composition from information derived by computer image analysis of carcass cross-section images. The total weights of lean, fat, and bone were obtained from the left sides of 55 carcasses (Data Set I) and 18 carcasses (Data Set II) by physical dissection. The information such as total lean, fat, and bone areas in the cross-sections; muscle area, muscle circumference, short and long radius axis lengths, and direction of long radius axis; and geometric distance between any two muscle centers of gravity was obtained by scanning and image analysis of pictures of the cross-sections of the beef side at the 6th/7th rib interface. The coefficients of determination of the multiple regression equations estimated from Data Set I for kilograms of lean, fat, and bone were 0.76, 0.82, and 0.69, respectively, whereas for the percentages of lean, fat, and bone they were 0.57, 0.66, and 0.42, respectively. The multiple regression equations from Data Set I was applied to Data Set II in order to test the applicability of the prediction equations obtained. The correlation coefficients between the value predicted by the multiple regression equation and the measurement obtained by physical dissection for kilograms of lean, fat, and bone were 0.71, 0.72, and 0.70, respectively, whereas those for the percentages of lean, fat, and bone were 0.63, 0.44, and 0.29, respectively. The results indicate that the information obtained from the carcass cross-sections by the computer image analysis method can be used to predict carcass composition in Japanese Black steers.  相似文献   

In vitro fertilization and development of in vitro matured bovine follicular oocytes     

K Goto  Y Kajihara  M Koba  S Kosaka  Y Nakanishi  K Ogawa 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(8):2181-2185

Bovine follicular oocytes matured in vitro were fertilized in vitro using epididymal spermatozoa from five different bulls and then cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro. The fertilization rate, based on one pair of pronuclei and presence of one sperm tail, ranged from 55.2 to 64.3%. Embryo development (cleavage to blastocyst stage) ranged from 21.4 to 31.0% of the cultured ova reaching 8 cells at 3 to 4 d after insemination to 1.3 to 3.7% reaching hatched blastocysts at 9 to 10 d. It is concluded that individual variation among bulls is not a significant factor in fertilization and development rates of bovine follicular oocytes when epididymal spermatozoa are used.  相似文献   

Gross nitrification rates in four Japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification     

Megumi Kuroiwa  Keisuke Koba  Kazuo Isobe  Ryunosuke Tateno  Asami Nakanishi  Yoshiyuki Inagaki  Hiroto Toda  Shigeto Otsuka  Keishi Senoo  Yuichi Suwa  Muneoki Yoh  Rieko Urakawa  Hideaki Shibata 《Journal of Forest Research》2011,16(5):363-373

Measurements of gross NH ₄ ⁺ and NO ₃ ^? production in forest soils were conducted using the ¹⁵N pool dilution method. Mineral topsoils (0?C10?cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross nitrification rates in forest soils. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the relative importance of heterotrophic nitrification in gross total nitrification using acetylene as a specific inhibitor of autotrophic nitrification. Distinct differences were found among sites in the gross rates of NH ₄ ⁺ production (3.1?C11.4?mg?N?kg^?1?day^?1) and gross total nitrification (0.0?C6.1?mg?N?kg^?1?day^?1). The rates of gross heterotrophic nitrification were low in this study, indicating that heterotrophic nitrification is of minor importance in most forest mineral topsoils in Japan. Significant relations were found between gross autotrophic nitrification and gross NH ₄ ⁺ production, soil N, and soil C concentrations, but none was found between gross autotrophic nitrification and soil pH. We determined the critical value of the gross NH ₄ ⁺ production rates for gross autotrophic nitrification under which no gross autotrophic nitrification occurred, as well as the critical soil C/N ratio above which gross autotrophic nitrification ceased. Results show that tight coupling of production and consumption of NH ₄ ⁺ prevents autotrophic nitrifiers from utilizing NH ₄ ⁺ as long as NH ₄ ⁺ availability is low.  相似文献