Forage quality, water use and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) grown under different soil moisture and nitrogen levels     

Mina Rostamza  Mohammad-Reza ChaichiMohammad-Reza Jahansouz  Ahmad Alimadadi 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(10):1607-1614

The increasing scarcity of water for irrigation is becoming the most important problem for producing forage in all arid and semi-arid regions. Pearl millet is a key crop in these regions which needs relatively less water than other crops. In this research, a field study was conducted to identify the best combination of irrigation and nitrogen (N) management to achieve acceptable pearl millet forage both in quantity and quality aspects. Pearl millet was subjected to four irrigation treatments with interaction of N fertilizer (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha⁻¹). The irrigation treatments were 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of total available soil water (I₄₀, I₆₀, I₈₀ and I₁₀₀, respectively). The results showed that increasing moisture stress (from I₄₀ to I₁₀₀) resulted in progressively less total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUzE), while water use efficiency (WUE) and the percentage of crude protein (CP%) increased. The highest TDM and LAI were found to be 21.45 t ha⁻¹ and 8.65, in I₄₀ treatment, respectively. TDM, WUE, CP% and profit responses to N rates were positive. The maximum WUE of 4.19 kg DM/m³ was achieved at I₁₀₀ with 150 kg N ha⁻¹. The results of this research indicate that the maximum profit of forage production was obtained in plots which were fully irrigated (I₄₀) and received 225 kg N ha⁻¹. However, in the situation which water is often limited and not available, application of 150 kg N ha⁻¹ can produce high forage quality and guaranty acceptable benefits for farmers.  相似文献   

A Study on the Effect of Nitrogen Spray at Different Times on Color and Yield Parameters of Grape <Emphasis Type="Italic">cv. Pykany</Emphasis>     

Mina Razmi  Bahram Abedy  Ali Tehranifar 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2018,60(2):145-152

In order to study the effect of nitrogen spray at different times on color and yield parameters of grape cv. Pykany, an experiment was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Khalil Abad County in 2015. The treatments included three concentrations of nitrogen (0, 5 and 10?ppm) and three spray times (Late April, before bloom stage, and after pollination and fruit set stage). Color parameters such as brightness rate (L), redness (a) and yellowness (b), chroma, hue angle and browning index were evaluated in this experiment. The results of variance analysis and means comparison showed that the effect of treatment containing spray at concentration of 10?ppm on yield was significant at 1%. There were not significant differences among treatments of urea concentrations and spray times on L and b but different concentrations of urea had significant effect on a* at the level of 1%, so that the highest amount of significant difference was due to the treatment of urea spray at the concentration of 10?ppm and the lowest amount was due to the control treatment. Furthermore, the interaction effect of concentration and different times of nitrogen application on color intensity index was significant at the level of 5%. Based on the results, the effect of different concentrations of urea spray on hue angle was significant at 1% so that the highest level of significant difference was due to the concentration of 10?ppm and the lowest was related to control treatment.  相似文献   

Diagnostic significance of serum glycated albumin in diabetic dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Toshinori Sako  Akihiro Mori  Peter Lee  Tomoya Takahashi  Takehito Izawa  Sino Karasawa  Miho Furuuchi  Daigo Azakami  Mina Mizukoshi  Hisashi Mizutani  Yoshio Kiyosawa  Toshiro Arai 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(5):634-638

Measurements of serum fructosamine, glycated hemoglobin, and glycated albumin (GA) are increasingly used to complement serum glucose concentration for better management of diabetes mellitus. Fructosamine tests are currently not performed in veterinary medicine in Japan. As such, the measurement of GA may serve as a replacement test. Therefore, in the current study, serum GA and fructosamine were evaluated for a positive correlation in dogs, and, depending on the correlation, a reference range of GA percentage would also be determined from healthy control dogs. The degree of glycemic control in diabetic dogs was determined by fructosamine concentration. A positive correlation between GA and fructosamine was observed with both normal and diabetic animals. In addition, the reference interval of serum GA percentage in control dogs was determined to be 11.4-11.9% (95% confidence interval). Interestingly, no significant difference in serum GA percentages was observed between samples from diabetic dogs with excellent glycemic control and control dogs. However, good, fair, and poor glycemic control diabetic dogs resulted in a significant increase in serum GA percentages in comparison with control dogs. These results suggest that serum GA may be a useful diagnostic indicator, substituting for fructosamine, to monitor glycemic control in diabetic dogs.  相似文献   

UvSMEK1, a Suppressor of MEK Null,Regulates Pathogenicity,Conidiation and Conidial Germination in Rice False Smut Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens     

Junjie Yu  Mina Yu  Tianqiao Song  Huijuan Cao  Mingli Yong  Xiayan Pan  Zhongqiang Qi  Yan Du  Rongsheng Zhang  Xiaole Yin  Dong Liang  Yongfeng Liu 《水稻科学》2021,28(5):457-465

Rice false smut, which is caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is an emerging disease of rice spikelets in rice-growing areas worldwide. However, the infection mechanism of U. virens on rice spikelets is still unclear. Here, we characterized a suppressor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase or ERK kinase(MEK) null(UvSMEK1) in U. virens that is conserved among filamentous fungi. Compared with wild type U. virens strain P-1, Uv SMEK1 deletion mutants were defective in pathogenicity and conidial germination. In addition, conidiation of UvSMEK1 deletion mutants was significantly reduced on yeast extract tryptone(YT) plates, but increased in YT broth compared with the wild type. Compared with Uv SMEK1 expression level during the vegetative mycelia and conidiation stages, UvSMEK1 dramatically increased during infection of rice florets. Surprisingly, the Uv SMEK1 deletion mutants exhibited higher tolerance to H2 O2 and NaCl. In summary, presented evidence suggested that UvSMEK1 positively regulated pathogenicity, conidial germination and conidiation in YT broth, and negatively regulated conidiation on YT medium and tolerance to oxidative and osmotic stresses. The results enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of pathogenicity of U. virens, and present a potential molecular target for blocking rice infection by U. virens.  相似文献   

Nutritional characteristics of sago palm and oil palm in tropical peat soil     

Mina Matsumoto  Mitsuru Osaki  Tanit Nuyim  Apichart Jongskul  Panya Eam‐on  Yoshiaki Kitaya 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1819-1841

To make clear the nutritional characteristics of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensin Jacq.) grown in tropical peat soil, minerals concentration, organic compounds concentration, and photo‐synthetic rate were estimated, and the obtained results were as follows. Since, the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) concentration in mature leaves and trunk were higher in the oil palm than in the sago palm, but potassium (K) concentration was higher in the sago palm than in the oil palm, the minerals (especially N, P, Ca, and Mg) requirement for the oil palm were higher than in the sago palm. This indicates that the sago palm will adapt better than the oil palm to soils with poor nutrients. The manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentration in leaves of the sago palm and Ca and aluminum (Al) concentration in leaves of the oil palm increased with the increase of aging, indicating that those elements are eliminated from plants through leaf senescence. In the sago palm, the N and P distribution ratio to leaves remained almost constant during growth, indicating that N and P were predominantly distributed to leaves for maintaining leaf function. The photosynthetic rate [μmole carbon dioxide (CO₂) m² LA sec^‐1] at light saturation was lower in the sago palm (5.8) and oil palm (10.0) than in wheat (25.4). As leaf longevity of sago and oil palms was longer (about 12 times) than that of wheat (Triticum aevstium L.), and the minerals concentration and photosynthetic rate remained constant for a long duration of growth, the cumulative carbon (C) accumulation per unit dry weight (photosynthetic rate x leaf longevity) in the individual leaf is assumed to be equal or greater than that of wheat. The photosynthetic ability of sago and oil palms leaves is very important for understanding why sago and oil palms have high productivity in spite of a low nutrient environment.  相似文献   

The critical role of biofilms in bacterial vascular plant pathogenesis     

I. R. Mina  N. P. Jara  J. E. Criollo  J. A. Castillo 《Plant pathology》2019,68(8):1439-1447

Bacterial life is a combination of two lifestyles, mobile and social. In the social lifestyle, cells are usually embedded in a self-produced matrix and attached to biotic or abiotic surfaces. These communities can be organized as either single or multilayered structures termed biofilms. Biofilms evolved to cope with the harsh environmental conditions that bacteria encounter within the host, mostly from the host’s defence response. In plant pathogenic bacteria, biofilms participate in the whole process of pathogenicity, from the first step of invasion to the full colonization of plant tissues. The specific role that biofilms play in the pathogenicity process of plant bacterial pathogens is poorly understood. In this review, the role of biofilms in the pathogenic process of major vascular plant pathogens is examined. In addition, quorum sensing signals and components that are essential for biofilm formation and therefore, for pathogenesis, are addressed. Although, in certain systems, further research is required, experimental evidence in the literature indicates that biofilms are, in most cases, essential for pathogenesis.  相似文献   

酵母重复基因在蛋白质互作网络中的分歧进化     

赵振华  陈新雨  周鹏方 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,38(10):165-170

【目的】分析全基因组重复后,蛋白质互作网络对重复基因分歧模式的作用机制。【方法】结合高精度的蛋白质互作数据集和具有相同进化年代的重复基因数据集,在全基因组范围关联分析拷贝间进化距离与网络结构的相关性,并通过对拷贝间连接水平的差异程度分类,分析不同阶段网络结构对基因功能的影响。【结果】重复基因两拷贝间的进化距离与其祖先基因在网络中的连接水平呈显著负相关,与重复基因间的连接度差异率呈显著正相关;网络结构完全歧化的重复基因间的非同义替换均值,较未完全歧化的重复基因显著高出30.2%。【结论】网络结构对重复基因的进化起调节作用,网络系统在保持核心稳定的同时,使外围组分发生了更大变化;重复基因在网络结构改变的前期为基因组提供功能冗余,但在网络结构差别较大后,显著增加的突变更有利于基因新功能的产生。  相似文献   

Effect of Transient Inactivation of Ventral Tegmental Area on the Expression and Acquisition of Nicotine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Rats     

Durna Chalabi-Yani  Hedayat Sahraei  Gholam Hossein Meftahi  Seydeh Bentolhuda Hosseini  Sara Sadeghi-Gharajehdaghi  Hengameh Ali Beig  Zahra Bourbour  Mina Ranjabaran 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2015,19(4):214-219

Background:

Nicotine can activate dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, there is no evidence about complete inhibition of VTA on nicotine reinforcement.

Methods:

in the present study, we used conditioned-place preference (CPP) method to study the effect of transient inhibition of left and/or right side of the VTA by lidocaine on nicotine reward properties. Male Wistar rats seven days after recovery from surgery and cannulation were conditioned to nicotine (1.5 mg/kg) in an unbiased designed CPP apparatus. Five min before each nicotine injection in conditioning phase, lidocaine (2%) was administered either uni- or bi-laterally into the VTA (0.5µl/rat).

Results:

results revealed that lidocaine administration into the left but not right side of the VTA reduced nicotine CPP significantly. The reduction was potentiated when lidocaine injected in to both sides of the VTA. In addition, the number of compartment crossing was reduced when lidocaine injected in both side of VTA as well as left side. On the other hand, rearing was reduced when lidocaine injected to the right but not left side of VTA. At last, sniffing was reduced only in the group in which received lidocaine in both side of VTA. Sniffing and rearing increased in the group in which received lidocaine in right side.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the right and left side of VTA play different role in nicotine-induced activity and reward.  相似文献   

八株芽孢杆菌的鉴定及其生物活性差异比较     

王亚会  孟祥坤  刘永锋  束长龙  俞咪娜  于俊杰  聂亚锋  陆凡 《中国生物防治学报》2014,(3):376-384

已有研究显示同为芽孢杆菌其抑菌作用机制存在着显著不同,本文通过16S rRNA序列和gyrB基因序列等方法鉴定了8株芽孢杆菌,分析了其生物活性。结果表明,8株芽孢杆菌均为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;表型及生物活性分析显示,8株解淀粉芽孢杆菌在菌落形态、菌体大小、芽孢形成等方面存在差异;菌株JT261和T455具有较强的分泌蛋白酶能力、菌株JT84具有较强的分泌嗜铁素能力;菌株JT81和T429形成生物膜能力较强;菌株JT81具有较强的抑菌活性,菌株T455分泌物质具有较强的抑菌活性;本研究为从分子遗传学角度解析同为解淀粉芽孢杆菌生物活性差异提供了研究基础。  相似文献   

New Cyclic Lipopeptides of the Iturin Class Produced by Saltern-Derived Bacillus sp. KCB14S006     

Sangkeun Son  Sung-Kyun Ko  Mina Jang  Jong Won Kim  Gil Soo Kim  Jae Kyoung Lee  Eun Soo Jeon  Yushi Futamura  In-Ja Ryoo  Jung-Sook Lee  Hyuncheol Oh  Young-Soo Hong  Bo Yeon Kim  Shunji Takahashi  Hiroyuki Osada  Jae-Hyuk Jang  Jong Seog Ahn 《Marine drugs》2016,14(4)

Salterns, one of the most extreme natural hypersaline environments, are a rich source of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms, but they remain largely underexplored ecological niches in the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolites. In continued efforts to investigate the metabolic potential of microbial populations from chemically underexplored sites, three new lipopeptides named iturin F₁, iturin F₂ and iturin A₉ (1–3), along with iturin A₈ (4), were isolated from Bacillus sp. KCB14S006 derived from a saltern. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESIMS, and their absolute configurations were determined by applying advanced Marfey’s method and CD spectroscopy. All isolates exhibited significant antifungal activities against various pathogenic fungi and moderate cytotoxic activities toward HeLa and src^ts-NRK cell lines. Moreover, in an in vitro enzymatic assay, compound 4 showed a significant inhibitory activity against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.  相似文献