Effects of body condition score in cows peripartum on the onset of postpartum ovarian cyclicity and conception rates after ovulation synchronization/fixed-time artificial insemination     

Yamada K  Nakao T  Isobe N 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2003,49(5):381-388

The aim of this study was to examine whether the nutritional state of cows peripartum was associated with the recovery of ovarian function and conception rates after synchronization of ovulation and fixed-time artificial insemination (OVSYNCH/TAI). The effect of the interval in days from calving to the first ovulation on conception rates after OVSYNCH/TAI was also investigated. Conception rates of cows after OVSYNCH/TAI (n=39) were 43.6%. The conception rates of cows with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.75-3.25 at 30 d postpartum and on the day of OVSYNCH treatment were significantly higher than in cows with a BCS < or =2.5 (P<0.05). The percentage of cows establishing ovarian cyclicity before 55 d postpartum in cows with a BCS of 2.75-3.25 at 30 d postpartum and on the day of OVSYNCH treatment were significantly higher than in cows with a BCS < or =2.5 (P<0.05). The conception rates after OVSYNCH/TAI in cows which recovered ovarian cyclicity within 34 d postpartum were significantly higher than in cows with first ovulation > or =56 d (P<0.05). These results indicated that the nutritional state in cows peripartum influenced the conception rates after OVSYNCH/TAI and the postpartum ovarian cyclicity and also suggested that the conception rates after OVSYNCH/TAI decreased in cows with delayed recovery of ovarian cyclicity.  相似文献   

A comparative pathological study on canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis     

Suzuki M  Uchida K  Morozumi M  Hasegawa T  Yanai T  Nakayama H  Tateyama S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(11):1233-1239

Canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) were compared pathologically. Gross observation exhibited lateral ventricular dilation and discoloration, malacia and/or cavitation of the cerebrum in NME. On the contrary, gross changes were milder in GME, except for occasional visible granulomatous mass formation. Histopathologically, the lesions of NME were distributed predominantly in the cerebral cortex and various degrees of inflammatory and necrotic changes were observed according to clinical stages. Besides, microscopic lesions of GME were mainly distributed in the white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem, which are characterized by perivascular cuffing, multiple granulomas and leptomeningeal infiltrates. Although macrophages and lymphocytes were predominant in the inflammatory lesions of both disorders, macrophages in GME transformed into epithelioid cells and exhibited more massive infiltration. Although lectin RCA-1-reactive cells were numerous in both disorders, lysozyme immunoreactive cells in NME were fewer than that in GME. Parenchymal infiltration of MAC387-positive cells was common in GME and limited in NME. The number of CD3-positive lymphocytes in the GME lesions tended to be greater than in NME, though the difference was not statistically significant. Morphological and immunohistochemical differences of the lesions, in particular, the characteristics of infiltrative macrophages may reflect these different pathogeneses of the two disorders.  相似文献   

Effects of milrinone on hemodynamics and regional blood flow in the hypoxic dog   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Setoyama K  Ota H  Miura N  Fujiki M  Misumi K  Sakamoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(6):499-503

Milrinone, a therapeutic agent for acute congestive heart failure, has both inotropic and vasodilatory effects, but investigations of these effects of milrinone were almost all conducted under normoxia, and few reports have investigated how milrinone affects the hemodynamics and redistribution of regional blood flow under severe hypoxia. By using colored microspheres, we investigated how milrinone affects hemodynamics and the redistribution of regional blood flow under severe hypoxia. Twelve healthy mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups. The milrinone group was infused with milrinone cumulatively at 25, 75 and 250 microg/kg for 5 min each. The intact group was infused with saline instead of milrinone. We measured the hemodynamics and cerebrum, cerebellum and kidney blood flow in both groups. Both groups were inspired with 10% oxygen. Milrinone induced significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary vascular resistance, compared with the intact group. In both groups slight decreases in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and double-product were seen. In regional blood flow, milrinone-induced increases in blood flow were seen in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and especially in the kidneys. Milrinone's vasodilatory effects were sufficient even under hypoxia. And milrinone increased regional blood flow slightly in the cerebrum and cerebellum, and significantly in the kidneys. These results suggested that milrinone protects against hypoxia-induced organ damage especially in the kidneys. In addition, milrinone is very potent in improving severe congested hemodynamics which complicates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.  相似文献   

Identification of Petunia hybrida cultivars that diurnally emit floral fragrances     

Kiriko Nakamura  Kiyoshi Matsubara  Hitoshi Watanabe  Hisashi Kokubun  Yoshihiro Ueda  Naomi Oyama-Okubo  Masayoshi Nakayama  Toshio Ando 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

In order to identify genetic resources for breeding fragrant petunias for use as bedding plants, volatile compounds released by day from the flowers of 40 commercial Petunia hybrida cultivars were analyzed using a solid-phase micro-extraction technique coupled with GC–MS. The three cultivars with solid deep-blue flowers that accumulate malvidin in corollas with high tissue pH were found to emit abundant iso-eugenol as the principal floral fragrance. Several other cultivars that emitted considerable amounts of methylbenzoate and/or benzylbenzoate from the flower were also identified. Association between the floral fragrance and the other floral traits such as floral anthocyanin composition and corolla-tissue pH was discussed.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spongospora subterranea</Emphasis> soil contamination and its relationship to severity of powdery scab on potatoes     

Takato Nakayama  Mitsuo Horita  Tadayuki Shimanuki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):229-234

We investigated soil contamination by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (Sss) and disease severity of powdery scab in 29 potato fields in Hokkaido, Japan, using a hydroponic culture method with tomato seedlings as bait plants. The quantity of Sss infection on the roots of bait plants was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and expressed in terms of the infection potential in the soil. The infection potential was positively correlated with the disease severity of harvested tubers, whereas the spore ball density determined using PCR had an indistinct relationship with disease severity. The infection potential can be useful in evaluating soil contamination and in applying countermeasures against powdery scab.  相似文献   

Amyloid angiopathy with cerebral hemorrhage and senile plaque in aged dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K Uchida  Y Miyauchi  H Nakayama  N Goto 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(3):605-611

Amyloid angiopathy with cerebral hemorrhage and senile plaques was found in the brain of aged dogs. In all 9 cases examined, 13 to 19 years old, 6 males and 3 females, amyloid deposits were observed mostly in the wall of cerebral arterioles and capillaries showed hyaline degeneration. The accumulation of amyloid fibrils measuring about 10 nm in diameter was seen in the cerebral vessel wall by electron microscopy. The cerebral hemorrhage was observed in 6 of 9 dogs and 2 of them showed massive hemorrhage. The hemorrhagic foci were sometimes closely contact with the vessels involved in amyloid angiopathy. In addition, senile plaques being classified into 2 types were found in the cerebral cortex of 3 dogs. The first type was characterized by the accumulation of degenerative neurites and often contained granular argyrophilic material. The second type had a well-defined amyloid core with neuritic halo. Amyloid deposits were also found in or around intestinal vessel walls of 3 dogs. The amyloid deposited in the cerebral vessels, senile plaques and intestinal vessels showed characteristic green birefringence under the polarized light even after potassium permanganate treatment.  相似文献   

Hepatic nodular fibrosis in a dog     

H Nakayama  M Morozumi  J K Kang  K Uchida  N Goto 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(4):831-833

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Post-harvest storage effects on guayule latex,rubber, and resin contents and yields     

T.A. Coffelt  F.S. Nakayama  D.T. Ray  K. Cornish  C.M. McMahan 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(2-3):326-335

Guayule is a new crop being commercialized for hypoallergenic latex production. Because natural processes that occur in the plant following harvest, notably dehydration, result in rapid loss of latex and immediate processing of guayule shrub for latex on a commercial scale is not feasible, storage conditions that maintain latex concentration and yield need to be established. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different storage conditions on the extractable latex, total rubber, resin, and guayulin A and B contents, and extractable latex, total rubber, and resin yields in harvested guayule shrub. The experiment was established using plants transplanted into the field at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA, on 22 March 2001. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Two germplasm lines (11591 and AZ-2) were used for this experiment. Twenty plants of each line were harvested six times (November 2002, March 2003, July 2003, November 2003, March 2004, and July 2004) from each field plot. Two plants of each line were randomly assigned to each of 10 storage treatment combinations reflecting wet, dry, or wet alternated with dry conditions prior to chipping for latex extraction. Extractable latex content, total rubber content, resin content, and guayulin A and B contents were determined after storage and compared with freshly harvested shrub. Plant biomass, latex yield, rubber yield, and resin yield were also determined and compared with fresh harvested shrub. AZ-2 was significantly lower in latex, rubber, and guayulin A content than 11591, and significantly higher in biomass, latex yield, rubber yield, resin content, resin yield, and guayulin B content. The results from this study show that moist storage of harvested shrub prior to dry chipping allows a higher yield of latex. Storing the shrub under moist conditions may allow more flexible harvesting and processing schedules, by limiting post-harvest latex losses and increasing the time interval between harvesting and processing.  相似文献   

Feeding activities of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) as affected by moisture content of wood     

Tomoe Nakayama  Tsuyoshi Yoshimura  Yuji Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(1):60-65

The relationship between the moisture content (MC) of wood blocks and the feeding activities of two Japanese subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe), was investigated with two choice tests. When three wood blocks with low MC (6%–12%), middle MC (79%–103%), and high MC (140%–182%) were exposed to workers of C. formosanus and R. speratus in a choice test, the feeding preferences were found in the middle MC blocks for C. formosanus, and the middle and high MC blocks for R. speratus, although wood blocks of low MC were also attacked. In a second choice test, wood blocks consisting of five pieces with water-impregnated (MC: 133%–191%) top, middle, or bottom piece were exposed to workers of both species. Higher consumptions were generally obtained in water-impregnated wood pieces and bottom pieces.  相似文献   

Comparison between old-growth stands and secondary stands regenerating after clear-felling in warm-temperate forests of Yakushima, southern Japan     

Shin-ichiro Aiba  David A. Hill  Naoki Agetsuma 《Forest Ecology and Management》2001,140(2-3):163-175

In order to infer successional changes in structure, species composition and diversity of warm-temperate forest, we compared secondary stands regenerating after clear-felling (41–64-years old) with old-growth stands at altitudes between 300 and 800 m on Yakushima Island, southern Japan. Stem density and maximum stem diameter differed between secondary and old-growth stands, but basal area and aboveground biomass did not. At lower altitudes, the dominant species in old-growth stands with a strong sprouting capacity (Castanopsis cuspidata) also dominated secondary stands, and species composition of secondary and old-growth stands was similar. At higher altitudes, by contrast, the dominant species in old-growth stands (Distylium racemosum) had little sprouting capacity and was poorly represented in diverse secondary stands, which were dominated by Castanopsis or other less abundant species. Secondary stands had greater species diversity (Shannon–Wiener index) than old-growth stands, particularly at higher altitudes. This was due to greater species richness resulting from higher stem density per area, but not to greater evenness. We grouped the component species that share ecologically similar traits into four guilds (fagaceous, primary evergreen, secondary evergreen and deciduous species). Secondary stands were characterized by greater numbers of deciduous and secondary evergreen species. We concluded that different sprouting capacities of dominant species and different regeneration traits among guilds are responsible for the change in species composition and diversity during succession.  相似文献