Comparative biological and biochemical studies in hybrid chicks     

D. S. P. Patterson  D. Sweasey  C. Nancy Hebert  R.B.A. Carnaghan 《British poultry science》1967,8(4):273-278

The normal course of development of electrophoretic serum protein patterns has been examined in two hybrid strains of chicks during the 7 weeks after hatching and was found to proceed distinctively. Hybrid A (susceptible to aflatoxin) had an almost constant mean serum protein concentration over this period. On the other hand, after a high mean concentration (4–09 g./100 ml.) in day‐old chicks of hybrid B (less susceptible to aflatoxin) there was a fall to 2.69 g./100 ml. at 7 days, followed by a gradual increase to 3.28 g./100 ml., approximately the level found throughout the experiment in hybrid A.

Proportions of albumin and total globulins varied in an almost identical manner in each group. Day‐old chicks of hybrid A had significantly lower β‐ and γ‐globulin concentrations and at 7 days, when there was a maximum difference in mean total protein concentrations, the serum albumin content was significantly higher in this hybrid.  相似文献   

Survival times in dogs with right atrial hemangiosarcoma treated by means of surgical resection with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 23 cases (1986-2000)     

Weisse C  Soares N  Beal MW  Steffey MA  Drobatz KJ  Henry CJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(4):575-579

OBJECTIVE: To determine survival times in dogs with right atrial hemangiosarcoma treated by means of pericardectomy and tumor resection, with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, and identify complications associated with treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 23 dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were included only if the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. RESULTS: The most common initial complaints included acute collapse (8 [35%] dogs), anorexia or inappetence (8 [35%]), and lethargy (8 [35%]). The most common physical examination abnormalities included muffled heart sounds (12 [52%] dogs), tachycardia (7 [30%]), and weak pulses (7 [30%]). Postoperative complications developed in 12 (52%) dogs; however, most complications were minor. Twenty (87%) dogs were discharged from the hospital. Survival time was significantly longer in the 8 dogs that received adjuvant chemotherapy (mean, 164 days; median, 175 days) than in the 15 dogs that did not receive chemotherapy (mean, 46 days; median, 42 days). Dogs that received chemotherapy were significantly younger and had significantly lower WBC counts than did dogs that did not receive chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that in dogs with right atrial hemangiosarcoma, surgical resection of the tumor was associated with a low complication rate and complications that did arise typically were minor. In addition, use of adjuvant chemotherapy following resection was associated with significantly longer survival times, compared with resection alone.  相似文献   

Th1/Th2 polarization by viral and helminth infection in birds     

Degen WG  Daal Nv  Rothwell L  Kaiser P  Schijns VE 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,105(3-4):163-167

Mammals developed an immune system able to functionally polarize into so-called type 1 or type 2 immune pathways, to resolve infections with intracellular and extracellular pathogens, respectively. In the well-studied avian immune system of the chicken, however, no evidence for polarized immunity could be found, as yet. To investigate whether these two major arms of mammalian immunity, regulated by a T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokine balance, evolved similarly in birds, chickens were exposed to a prevalent intracellular (viral) or extracellular (helminth) infection. By using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis we provide evidence that polarization of Th1/Th2 type immunity extends beyond mammalian species, and, therefore, has been evolutionary conserved for more than 300 million years, when the lineages of mammalian and avian vertebrates are assumed to have segregated.  相似文献   

SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL BILE DUCT LIGATION IN THE DOG     

Thomas G.  Nyland  DVM  Nancy A.  Gillett  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1982,23(6):252-260

The common bile duct was surgically ligated in five normal adult dogs. Ultrasonographic examinations of the gallbladder and biliary system were performed after duct ligation at intervals of 24 hours. The sequence of biliary system dilation was from the common duct to the peripheral intrahepatic ducts. Common duct enlargement was evident in 24–48 hours, while peripheral biliary duct dilation was recognized by five to seven days after obstruction. When compared with hepatic and portal veins, dilated biliary ducts were more tortuous and had irregular branching patterns. Gross pathologic changes were correlated with ultrasonographic findings at seven, 14, 15, 18 and 21 days after obstruction.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the efficacy of a commercial diet in the dissolution of feline struvite bladder uroliths     

Houston DM  Rinkardt NE  Hilton J 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2004,5(3):187-201

Clinical signs of struvite urolithiasis resolved in an average of 19 days in cats fed either a canned or dry urine-acidifying, magnesium-restricted diet, and stones completely dissolved in 31 of 39 cats in an average of 30 days. Stones were surgically removed from five cats, and analysis revealed that these stones were not composed of struvite. The results of this study strongly suggest that the diet will dissolve naturally occurring feline struvite bladder uroliths.  相似文献   

Application of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to interrogate alterations in the proteome of genetically modified crops. 1. Assessing analytical validation     

Ruebelt MC  Leimgruber NK  Lipp M  Reynolds TL  Nemeth MA  Astwood JD  Engel KH  Jany KD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(6):2154-2161

Current tools used to assess the safety of food and feed derived from modern biotechnology emphasize the investigation of possible unintended effects caused directly by the expression of transgenes or indirectly by pleiotropy. These tools include extensive multisite and multiyear agronomic evaluations, compositional analyses, animal nutrition, and classical toxicology evaluations. Because analytical technologies are rapidly developing, proteome analysis based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) was investigated as a complementary tool to the existing technologies. A 2DE method was established for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the seed proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana with the following validation parameters examined: (1) source and scope of variation; (2) repeatability; (3) sensitivity; and (4) linearity of the method. The 2DE method resolves proteins with isoelectric points between 4 and 9 and molecular masses (MM) of 6-120 kDa and is sensitive enough to detect protein levels in the low nanogram range. The separation of the proteins was demonstrated to be very reliable with relative position variations of 1.7 and 1.1% for the pI and MM directions, respectively. The mean coefficient of variation of 254 matched spot qualities was found to be 24.8% for the gel-to-gel and 26% for the overall variability. A linear relationship (R2 > 0.9) between protein amount and spot volume was demonstrated over a 100-fold range for the majority of selected proteins. Therefore, this method could be used to interrogate proteome alterations such as a novel protein, fusion protein, or any other change that affects molecular mass, isoelectric point, and/or quantity of a protein.  相似文献   

Neuroscience. What's in a face?     

Kanwisher N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5761):617-618

  相似文献   

Validity and reliability of the Block98 food-frequency questionnaire in a sample of Canadian women     

Boucher B  Cotterchio M  Kreiger N  Nadalin V  Block T  Block G 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(1):84-93

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reliability of the most recent adaptation of Block's full-diet food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among a sample of Canadian women. DESIGN: Participants completed a self-administered FFQ (FFQ1), two unannounced 24-hour recalls (weekday and weekend) and a second FFQ (FFQ2) between October 2003 and February 2004. FFQs and recalls were analysed for 32 nutrients using Block Dietary Data Systems and the University of Minnesota's Nutrient Data System. Mean and median intakes were computed, along with crude and deattenuated Pearson correlation coefficients between FFQ1 and the average of two recalls (validity) and between FFQ1 and FFQ2 (reliability). SETTING: Ontario, Canada. SUBJECTS: A random population-based sample (n = 166) of women aged 25 to 74 years. RESULTS: One hundred and fifteen (69%) women completed FFQ1, 96 completed FFQ1 and both recalls, and 93 completed both FFQs, about 56 days apart. Mean intakes were similar for most nutrients. FFQ reliability was high, with Pearson correlation coefficients having a median of 0.75, ranging from 0.57 to 0.90 (macronutrients) and from 0.65 to 0.88 (micronutrients from supplements and food). FFQ validity was moderate to high, with deattenuated Pearson correlation coefficients having a median of 0.59, ranging from 0.11 to 0.73 (macronutrients) and from 0.50 to 0.76 (micronutrients from supplements and food). Our micronutrient correlations were similar to or higher than those of other studies that included supplements. Two correlations <0.40 were associated with fats. CONCLUSIONS: The validity and reliability of this full-diet version of the Block FFQ were moderate to high, supporting its use in future studies among Canadian women.  相似文献   

Indigenous peoples' food systems for health: finding interventions that work     

Kuhnlein H  Erasmus B  Creed-Kanashiro H  Englberger L  Okeke C  Turner N  Allen L  Bhattacharjee L 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(8):1013-1019

This is a short report of a 'safari' held in conjunction with the International Congress of Nutrition in September 2005, in Futululu, St. Lucia, South Africa. Participants were several members of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences Task Force on Indigenous Peoples' Food Systems and Nutrition, other interested scientists and members of the Kwa Zulu indigenous community. The paper describes the rationale for and contributions towards understanding what might be successful interventions that would resonate among indigenous communities in many areas of the world. A summary of possible evaluation strategies of such interventions is also given.  相似文献   

Prion-induced amyloid heart disease with high blood infectivity in transgenic mice     

Trifilo MJ  Yajima T  Gu Y  Dalton N  Peterson KL  Race RE  Meade-White K  Portis JL  Masliah E  Knowlton KU  Chesebro B  Oldstone MB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5783):94-97

We investigated extraneural manifestations in scrapie-infected transgenic mice expressing prion protein lacking the glycophosphatydylinositol membrane anchor. In the brain, blood, and heart, both abnormal protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) and prion infectivity were readily detected by immunoblot and by inoculation into nontransgenic recipients. The titer of infectious scrapie in blood plasma exceeded 10(7) 50% infectious doses per milliliter. The hearts of these transgenic mice contained PrPres-positive amyloid deposits that led to myocardial stiffness and cardiac disease.  相似文献