Polymorphisms of caprine PrP gene detected in Japan     

Kurosaki Y  Ishiguro N  Horiuchi M  Shinagawa M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(3):321-323

Polymorphism of the PrP gene is a primary factor influencing susceptibility and incubation period in natural and experimental scrapie in sheep and goats. Polymorphisms of the caprine PrP gene in Japan were examined in 118 goats. Eight allelic variants and 19 genotypes were obtained. Amino acid polymorphisms were observed at 7 codons: 102, 142, 143, 240, 127, 146 and 211 (the latter 3 are novel polymorphisms). The polymorphisms at codons 142M and 143R, which are associated with the resistance to scrapie, were relatively rare in the present study. Thus, the present results provide information about the caprine PrP gene that may be useful for assessing the risk of goat scrapie.  相似文献   

Lineage classification of canine inheritable disorders using mitochondrial DNA haplotypes     

Takahasi S  Miyahara K  Ishikawa H  Ishiguro N  Suzuki M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(3):255-259

To estimate the maternal effects of dog breeds using mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) haplotypes in the dogs with several clinical disorders, 600 base pairs of mtDNA D-loop region were amplified from 365 dogs and were determined for mtDNA sequences. The diversity of the 600-bp sequences was classified into 64 haplotypes, including 46 newly discovered haplotypes, and the haplotypes were grouped into four clusters I to IV. Lineage analysis using the mtDNA haplotype indicated that each dog breed genetically comprises one or a few mtDNA haplotypes. When the relationship between genetic background and occurrences of clinical diseases was estimated, canine lineage analysis using mtDNA haplotype revealed that the disorders distributed in the dominant mtDNA haplotypes of each dog breed, but no disorder closely associated with mtDNA haplotypes was detected.  相似文献   

Forecasting the catch of Japanese anchovy larvae using a net survey prior to the fishing season     

Naotaka Yasue  Ryoichi Utsumi  Toyoho Gosho 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(4):938-940

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Representation of action sequence boundaries by macaque prefrontal cortical neurons     

Fujii N  Graybiel AM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5637):1246-1249

Complex biological systems such as human language and the genetic code are characterized by explicit markers at the beginning and end of functional sequences. We report here that macaque prefrontal cortical neurons exhibit phasic peaks of spike activity that occur at the beginning and endpoint of sequential oculomotor saccade performance and have the properties of dynamic start- and end-state encoders accompanying responses to sequential actions. Sequence bounding may thus reflect a general mechanism for encoding biological information.  相似文献   

Genome‐wide association study and genomic evaluation of feed efficiency traits in Japanese Black cattle using single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction method     

Masayuki Takeda  Yoshinobu Uemoto  Keiichi Inoue  Atushi Ogino  Takayoshi Nozaki  Kazuhito Kurogi  Takanori Yasumori  Masahiro Satoh 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

The objectives of this study were to better understand the genetic architecture and the possibility of genomic evaluation for feed efficiency traits by (i) performing genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), and (ii) assessing the accuracy of genomic evaluation for feed efficiency traits, using single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP)‐based methods. The analyses were performed in residual feed intake (RFI), residual body weight gain (RG), and residual intake and body weight gain (RIG) during three different fattening periods. The phenotypes from 4,578 Japanese Black steers, which were progenies of 362 progeny‐tested bulls and the genotypes from the bulls were used in this study. The results of GWAS showed that a total of 16, 8, and 12 gene ontology terms were related to RFI, RG, and RIG, respectively, and the candidate genes identified in RFI and RG were involved in olfactory transduction and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, respectively. The realized reliabilities of genomic estimated breeding values were low to moderate in the feed efficiency traits. In conclusion, ssGBLUP‐based method can lead to understand some biological functions related to feed efficiency traits, even with small population with genotypes, however, an alternative strategy will be needed to enhance the reliability of genomic evaluation.  相似文献   

Successive deaths of a captive snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and a serval (Leptailurus serval) by infection with feline panleukopenia virus at Sapporo Maruyama Zoo     

Sassa Y  Yamamoto H  Mochizuki M  Umemura T  Horiuchi M  Ishiguro N  Miyazawa T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(4):491-494

Feline parvoviruses were isolated from frozen samples of intestines taken from a snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and a serval (Leptailurus serval) that died successively at Sapporo Maruyama Zoo in Hokkaido, Japan. Isolates possessed an antigenic epitope for both the feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) and mink enteritis virus, identified with a hemagglutination inhibition test. Sequencing analyses of the VP2 region of the isolates revealed that the two isolates were identical and of the FPLV-type. These results suggested that FPLV was introduced from a feral cat which entered the zoo and transmitted the virus inside the zoo.  相似文献   

Frequencies of PrP genotypes in meat breeds of Japanese sheep and trail of selective breeding in experimental sheep flock   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ohara J  Togari T  Kurokawa A  Maeda J  Ishiguro N  Furuoka H  Horiuchi M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(12):1325-1329

The selection of sheep with scrapie-resistant PrP genotypes is one of the control measures for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in ruminants. In this study, we investigated the frequencies of PrP genotypes in meat breeds in Japan. The nationwide surveillance revealed that nearly half of the Suffolk sheep, a major meat breed in Japan, carried scrapie-susceptible AQ/AQ and AQ/VQ genotypes. In addition, the VQ haplotype, which confers high susceptibility to scrapie within sheep, was also found in Poll Dorset sheep. A trial of selective breeding using sires with scrapie-resistant PrP genotypes AQ/AR and AR/AR could raise the ratio of scrapie-resistant sheep from less than 50% to 80% within 3 years. However, the use of sires with the AR/AR genotype and the selection of ewes would be required to achieve a higher ratio of scrapie-resistant sheep.  相似文献   

Correlation between the proportion of stained eggs and the number of mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) monitored using a ‘non‐parallel board trap’          下载免费PDF全文

Makiko Odaka  Kazumasa Ogino  Michitaka Shikada  Kenichi Asada  Syoujirou Kasa  Takahiro Inoue  Ken Maeda 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2077-2083

The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) is a serious problem for the poultry industry worldwide. However, the relationship between the mite population and the damage that they cause is still unclear. In this study, the mite population in poultry houses was examined using an established trap method, and the risk of blood‐stained eggs caused by the mites was assessed. Traps were placed once a week outside the egg channels and/or on the floor in two poultry farms in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, from April 2012 to July 2014. The numbers of blood‐stained eggs and total eggs were counted at weekly intervals. The results showed that the number of mites increased from April to May, and reached a peak around the beginning of June when the average temperature and humidity were >24°C and 70–90%, respectively. In the segmented model, the correlation between the proportion of blood‐stained eggs and the number of mites or temperature was positive over a threshold. In conclusion, our established trap method is useful for monitoring mites and can be used to predict when poultry farms should be treated to prevent appearance of blood‐stained eggs.  相似文献   

Stomach Chitinase from Japanese Sardine Sardinops melanostictus: Purification,Characterization, and Molecular Cloning of Chitinase Isozymes with a Long Linker     

Satoshi Kawashima  Hiroki Ikehata  Chihiro Tada  Tomohiro Ogino  Hiromi Kakizaki  Mana Ikeda  Hideto Fukushima  Masahiro Matsumiya 《Marine drugs》2016,14(1)

Fish express two different chitinases, acidic fish chitinase-1 (AFCase-1) and acidic fish chitinase-2 (AFCase-2), in the stomach. AFCase-1 and AFCase-2 have different degradation patterns, as fish efficiently degrade chitin ingested as food. For a comparison with the enzymatic properties and the primary structures of chitinase isozymes obtained previously from the stomach of demersal fish, in this study, we purified chitinase isozymes from the stomach of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus, a surface fish that feeds on plankton, characterized the properties of these isozymes, and cloned the cDNAs encoding chitinases. We also predicted 3D structure models using the primary structures of S. melanostictus stomach chitinases. Two chitinase isozymes, SmeChiA (45 kDa) and SmeChiB (56 kDa), were purified from the stomach of S. melanostictus. Moreover, two cDNAs, SmeChi-1 encoding SmeChiA, and SmeChi-2 encoding SmeChiB were cloned. The linker regions of the deduced amino acid sequences of SmeChi-1 and SmeChi-2 (SmeChi-1 and SmeChi-2) are the longest among the fish stomach chitinases. In the cleavage pattern groups toward short substrates and the phylogenetic tree analysis, SmeChi-1 and SmeChi-2 were classified into AFCase-1 and AFCase-2, respectively. SmeChi-1 and SmeChi-2 had catalytic domains that consisted of a TIM-barrel (β/α)₈–fold structure and a deep substrate-binding cleft. This is the first study showing the 3D structure models of fish stomach chitinases.  相似文献   

Life in the fast lane: Revisiting the fast growth—High survival paradigm during the early life stages of fishes     

Dominique Robert  Jun Shoji  Pascal Sirois  Akinori Takasuka  Ignacio A. Catalán  Arild Folkvord  Stuart A. Ludsin  Myron A. Peck  Su Sponaugle  Patricia M. Ayón  Richard D. Brodeur  Emily Y. Campbell  Evan K. D'Alessandro  John F. Dower  Louis Fortier  Alberto G. García  Klaus B. Huebert  Marc Hufnagl  Shin-ichi Ito  Mikimasa Joh  Francis Juanes  Mitsuo Nyuji  Yoshioki Oozeki  Guido Plaza  Motomitsu Takahashi  Yosuke Tanaka  Naoki Tojo  Shingo Watari  Naotaka Yasue  Pierre Pepin 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(5):863-888

Early life survival is critical to successful replenishment of fish populations, and hypotheses developed under the Growth-Survival Paradigm (GSP) have guided investigations of controlling processes. The GSP postulates that recruitment depends on growth and mortality rates during early life stages, as well as their duration, after which the mortality declines substantially. The GSP predicts a shift in the frequency distribution of growth histories with age towards faster growth rates relative to the initial population because slow-growing individuals are subject to high mortality (via starvation and predation). However, mortality data compiled from 387 cases published in 153 studies (1971–2022) showed that the GSP was only supported in 56% of cases. Selection against slow growth occurred in two-thirds of field studies, leaving a non-negligible fraction of cases showing either an absence of or inverse growth-selective survival, suggesting the growth-survival relationship is more complex than currently considered within the GSP framework. Stochastic simulations allowed us to assess the influence of key intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the characteristics of surviving larvae and identify knowledge gaps on the drivers of variability in growth-selective survival. We suggest caution when interpreting patterns of growth selection because changes in variance and autocorrelation of individual growth rates among cohorts can invalidate fundamental GSP assumptions. We argue that breakthroughs in recruitment research require a comprehensive, population-specific characterization of the role of predation and intrinsic factors in driving variability in the distribution and autocorrelation of larval growth rates, and of the life stage corresponding to the endpoint of pre-recruited life.  相似文献