Epidural injection of ketamine for caudal analgesia in the cow     

F. Marsico  P. R. L. Nascimento  A. C. de  Paula  A. Nascimento Jnr  F. J. Tendillo  A. Criado  I. A. Gómez de  Segura 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1999,26(1):27-31

The objective of the study was to determine the analgesic and sedative effects of epidural ketamine in the cow. Eight healthy cows weighing 350–450 kg were used. One of 3 doses of ketamine (0.5, 1 and 2.0 mg/kg) or a saline control were injected into the epidural space at the first intercoccygeal interspace in random sequence at one-week intervals. Ketamine was diluted in saline (0.9%) before the experiment, and the volume adjusted according to animal size. Analgesia was tested by applying a standard stimulus (needle insertion into the skin and deep muscle) and scored using a 3-point scale. A second voltage-based stimulus was also applied and the responses scored. Another scale was used for scoring the degree of sedation. The response and the degree of sedation were assessed before drug administration and at 2, 5, 10, 15 min, and every 15 min until 120 min after ketamine or saline administration. Ketamine produced dose-related analgesia of the tail, anus, perineum and vulva but not of the hindlimb area. The effect was dose-dependent in terms of intensity and duration. None of the doses produced analgesia when 70 or 80 volts were applied. Minimal side effects were observed. Epidural ketamine produces caudal analgesia in the cow. Further studies are required to determine whether this is sufficient for surgery.  相似文献   

Aurantiochytrium sp. meal can replace fish oil in practical diets for the juvenile Pacific white shrimp     

Ariane Martins Guimares  Delano Dias Schleder  Mariana Nagata  Renata Oselame Nbrega  Dbora Machado Fracalossi  Walter Quadros Seiffert  Felipe do Nascimento Vieira 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):798-807

This study evaluated the use of microalgae (Aurantiochytrium sp.) meal as a substitute for fish oil in the diet of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in a clear‐water system. Dietary treatments at five replacement levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were performed in triplicate. After 46 days, only a slight difference in shrimp final weight was observed among treatments (0.61 g). An increase in final weight was observed with replacement of up to 50% fish oil for microalgae meal, while the optimal percentage of replacement estimated was 44.7%. Feed conversion rate (FCR) of animals fed a diet of Aurantiochytrium sp.meal to replace up to 50% fish oil decreased, and the optimal percentage of replacement estimated was 49.3%. The fatty acids profile in shrimp muscle tissue demonstrated an increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 10.03% to 14.28% with increased replacement of fish oil by microalgae meal in the diet. Therefore, the partial replacement of fish oil by microalgae meal resulted in improved shrimp growth and FCR, and total replacement of dietary fish oil had no negative effects on these parameters. In addition, inclusion of microalgae meal raises the level of DHA in shrimp muscle.  相似文献   

Response of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887) to balanced digestible protein     

Kifayat Ullah Khan  Robert Mervyn Gous  Cleber Fernando M. Mansano  Thiago Matias T. Nascimento  Rafael de S. Romaneli  Andressa Tellechea Rodrigues  Nilva Kazue Sakomura  Joo Batista K. Fernandes 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(9):3729-3740

This 45‐day work aimed to determine the response of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) to balanced digestible protein (BDP) and to use these responses to determine whether the optimum economic levels of BDP would differ depending on the form in which the fish is sold. Six isoenergetic diets containing 163, 201, 238, 272, 315 and 348 g/kg BDP (dry‐matter basis) were prepared through the serial dilutions of a high‐protein diet with the low‐protein diet. Fish (initial average body weight, 10.82 ± 0.14 g) were fed with respective experimental diets three times a day until apparent satiation. The optimum biological level of BDP was calculated as 326 g/kg (dry‐matter basis) by the quadratic regression model for maximum body weight gain of juvenile pacu. To maximize economic returns (US$/kg) for different end products, the optimum economic levels of BDP were calculated as 311, 317 and 319 g/kg (dry‐matter basis) by an economic model for whole‐body, eviscerated and sliced juvenile pacu respectively. This finding revealed that obtaining maximum biological performance of fish in the case of high feed costs or low prices of the end product in consumer market would substantially reduce the economic returns.  相似文献   

Digestible protein requirements and muscle growth in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)     

Hellen Buzollo  Lidiane Cristina Gonalves de Sandre  Ligia Maria Neira  Thiago Matias Torres do Nascimento  Rosngela Kiyoko Jomori  Dalton Jos Carneiro 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(3):669-679

Several investigations have been carried out to improve the productivity of tambaqui, an economically important fish species in Brazil and other Latin American countries. This study determined the digestible protein (DP) requirements in juvenile tambaqui by assessing their productive performance and nutritional efficiency. It also evaluated the effects of different dietary DP levels on the morphology and cellularity of skeletal fast muscle fibres. The 1750 tambaqui tested (6.53 ± 0.43 g body weight, 7.58 ± 0.18 cm length) were randomly distributed into 35 tanks. Fish were fed one of the seven isocaloric diets, which contained 140, 170, 200, 230, 260, 290 or 320 g/kg DP. The DP requirement, calculated by segmented (broken line) regression of weight gain data, was 290 g/kg. An increase in diet DP to 290 g/kg significantly improved final weight, weight gain, feed intake, specific growth rate and crude protein gain, and changed fibre diameter in deep muscle. Muscle fibres were randomly distributed into a mosaic pattern, characterized by fibres with different diameters. Treatments with 290 and 320 g/kg DP increased the frequency of large‐diameter fibres (>50 µm), indicating hypertrophic growth of skeletal muscle during the juvenile phase, which occurred in conjunction with hyperplasia.  相似文献   

Selection and characterization of the inheritance of resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to chlorantraniliprole and cross‐resistance to other diamide insecticides     

Anderson Bolzan  Fernando EO Padovez  Antonio RB Nascimento  Ingrid S Kaiser  Ewerton C Lira  Fernando SA Amaral  Rubens H Kanno  Jos B Malaquias  Celso Omoto 《Pest management science》2019,75(10):2682-2689

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Novel combination of a biosurfactant with entomopathogenic fungi enhances efficacy against Bemisia whitefly     

Jaqueline do Nascimento Silva  Gabriel M Mascarin  Rui de Paula Vieira de Castro  Leda R Castilho  Denise MG Freire 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):2882-2891

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Marine-Derived Penicillium purpurogenum Reduces Tumor Size and Ameliorates Inflammation in an Erlich Mice Model     

Amanda Mara Teles  Leticia Prince Pereira Pontes  Sulayne Janayna Araújo Guimares  Ana Luiza Butarelli  Gabriel Xavier Silva  Flavia Raquel Fernandes do Nascimento  Geusa Felipa de Barros Bezerra  Carla Junqueira Moragas-Tellis  Rui Miguel Gil da Costa  Marcos Antonio Custdio Neto da Silva  Fernando Almeida-Souza  Ktia da Silva Calabrese  Ana Paula Silva Azevedo-Santos  Maria do Desterro Soares Brando Nascimento 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

Background: This study addresses the antitumoral properties of Penicillium purpurogenum isolated from a polluted lagoon in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: Ethyl Acetate Extracellular Extract (EAE) was used. The metabolites were studied using direct infusion mass spectrometry. The solid Ehrlich tumor model was used for antitumor activity. Female Swiss mice were divided into groups (n = 10/group) as follows: The negative control (CTL−), treated with a phosphate buffered solution; the positive control (CTL+), treated with cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg); extract treatments at doses of 4, 20, and 100 mg/kg; animals without tumors or treatments (Sham); and animals without tumors treated with an intermediate dose (EAE20). All treatments were performed intraperitoneally, daily, for 15 days. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and the tumor, lymphoid organs, and serum were used for immunological, histological, and biochemical parameter evaluations. Results: The extract was rich in meroterpenoids. All doses significantly reduced tumor size, and the 20 and 100 mg/kg doses reduced tumor-associated inflammation and tumor necrosis. The extract also reduced the cellular infiltration of lymphoid organs and circulating TNF-α levels. The extract did not induce weight loss or renal and hepatic toxic changes. Conclusions: These results indicate that P. purpurogenum exhibits immunomodulatory and antitumor properties in vivo. Thus, fungal fermentation is a valid biotechnological approach to the production of antitumor agents.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: A nonlinear regression analysis     

Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn  Guilherme Loureiro Werneck  David Soeiro Barbosa  Daniel Cardoso Portela Câmara  Taynãna César Simões  Lia Puppim Buzanovsky  Anna Gabryela Sousa Duarte  Saulo Nascimento de Melo  Diogo Tavares Cardoso  Lucas Edel Donato  Ana Nilce Silveira Maia-Elkhoury  Vinícius Silva Belo 《Zoonoses and public health》2024,71(2):144-156

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Clinical,pathological and epidemiological aspects of flood plain staggers,a corynetoxicosis of livestock grazing Agrostis avenacea     

EO Davis  GE Curran  WT Hetherington  DA NORMS Norms  GA Wise  IJ Rothi  AA Seawright  WL Bryden 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(5):187-190

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Ostertagiasis in calves. I. The effect of control measures on infection levels and body weight gains during the grazing season in Denmark     

SV AA Henriksen  R.J. Jørgensen  P. Nansen  KR Sejrsen  J. Brolund Larsen  S. Klausen 《Veterinary parasitology》1976,2(3):259-272

The investigation was designed to study the gastro-intestinal helminth infection established in yearling calves with reference to fluctuations in the larval contamination of the herbage during the grazing season. In a 2 × 3 factor experiment, comprising six groups, each of six calves, a comparison was made between infection levels, growth rates etc. in calves grazing the same paddock over an entire season and calves moved before the July rise in herbage contamination to paddocks not grazed earlier in the same season. A comparison was also made between animals receiving no anthelminthic treatment, animals treated 3 weeks after the start of the grazing season and again when moved, and animals treated every 3 weeks during the season.Before July there were no weight gain differences between the various groups of calves. During the rest of the season, the calves which were moved gained 647–869 g, while those that remained on the same paddock, and were exposed to a high level of larval contamination gained only 81–361 g per day. The effect of anthelmintic treatment was less pronounced, though significant. The weight gains were correlated to a high degree with the larval contamination levels of the respective paddocks (r = ? 0.79) as well as with the serum pepsinogen (r = ? 0.75) and albumin levels (r = 0.75) of the calves and to a minor degree also with faecal egg counts (r = ? 0.45). The observed weight gain differences could not be accounted for by differences in grass quantity or quality.  相似文献