Gliadins of Bulgarian durum wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum durum</Emphasis> Desf.) landraces: genetic diversity and geographical distribution     

Natalia V. Melnikova  Ganka D. Ganeva  Zapryanka G. Popova  Svetlana P. Landjeva  Alexander M. Kudryavtsev 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(4):587-595

The polymorphism of gliadins was studied in 98 Bulgarian durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) landraces and classified according to the existing catalogues of blocks of gliadin components. In total, 31 alleles, including 12 new ones, were revealed for five gliadin-coding loci. Nine allele families, which included several alleles coding similar blocks differed only by minor components, were found. The gliadin loci had a high genetic diversity (H = 0.70), and Gli-A2 ^d was the most polymorphic locus. Significant differences in allele distribution were observed through the Bulgarian region under study. The results made it possible to explain the distribution by historical factors. Presumably, the genetic material flew into the country via two different ways and different durum wheat subgroups contributed to the formation of Bulgarian landraces. The landraces were a result of long-term selection and, probably, had a close association with the history of the human populations of the region.  相似文献   

Population genetic divergence of bonnethead sharks Sphyrna tiburo in the western North Atlantic: Implications for conservation     

Píndaro Díaz-Jaimes  Natalia J. Bayona-Vásquez  Elena Escatel-Luna  Manuel Uribe-Alcocer  Carlo Pecoraro  Douglas H. Adams  Bryan S. Frazier  Travis C. Glenn  Massimiliano Babbucci 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(1):83-98

1. Sharks are a priority for conservation because numerous species, including small-sized coastal species, are being heavily exploited by commercial and recreational fisheries. Understanding the genetic population structure of sharks is key to effective management, maximizing their evolutionary potential in a rapidly changing environment and preventing population declines.
2. Limited dispersal is an important factor promoting population divergence for several coastal shark species. The genetic variation in 14 microsatellite loci and 21,006 single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped using restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing was analysed to assess the genetic structure of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, in the western North Atlantic.
3. Genetic differences were identified among three well-defined regions: the western Florida coast, the south-eastern US Atlantic coast, and the southern Gulf of Mexico. Results support previous studies based on mitochondrial DNA sequences in defining differences among these regions and suggest limitations of bonnethead sharks in routinely performing long-distance migrations.
4. The limited connectivity among regions explains the pattern of genetic divergence but also reported divergence at the species/subspecies level. These genetically discrete bonnethead populations have independent evolutionary histories that may include local adaptations to specific areas.
5. Bonnethead sharks are currently managed as two stocks in the USA owing to recent genetic, tagging, and life history studies; however, no stock assessments or management plans exist for Mexico. These results not only serve to reinforce US management strategies and provide critical data about the extent of gene flow and sex dispersal among populations, but also begin the process of effective management in the waters of Mexico to ensure the long-term productivity and resilience of this species. With an absence of gene flow between populations from US waters and the southern Gulf of Mexico, there is a need for management plans based upon independent biological and population dynamics data since limited or no opportunities for populations to interchange individuals may occur to re-establish population viability.

  相似文献   

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations in dogs with seizure disorders     

Christopher L. Mariani  Carolyn J. Nye  Laura Ruterbories  Debra A. Tokarz  Lauren Green  Jeanie Lau  Natalia Zidan  Peter J. Early  Karen R. Muñana  Natasha J. Olby  Chun-Sheng Lee  Julien Guevar 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(6):2562-2570

  相似文献   

LjLHT1.2—a mycorrhiza-inducible plant amino acid transporter from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lotus japonicus</Emphasis>     

Mike Guether  Veronica Volpe  Raffaella Balestrini  Natalia Requena  Daniel Wipf  Paola Bonfante 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(8):925-936

  相似文献   

Hydrocolloid interaction with water, protein, and starch in wheat dough   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Linlaud N  Ferrer E  Puppo MC  Ferrero C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(2):713-719

Interaction of hydrocolloids (xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, and high-methoxyl pectin) with macrocomponents of dough (water, starch, and protein) was evaluated by different techniques. (1)H spin-spin NMR relaxation assays were applied to study the mobility of the gluten-hydrocolloid-water matrix, and the amount of freezable water was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Starch gelatinization parameters (T, enthalpy) were also analyzed by DSC. The influence of additives on the protein matrix was studied by Fourier transform (FT) Raman assays; analysis of the extracted gliadins and glutenins was performed by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A significantly higher molecular mobility was found in matrices containing xanthan gum, whereas pectin led to the lowest molecular mobility. Freezable water showed a trend of increasing in the presence of hydrocolloids, particularly under conditions of water restriction. Starch gelatinization final temperature was decreased when hydrocolloids were added in the presence of enough water. In general, FT-Raman and SDS-PAGE indicated that hydrocolloid addition promoted a more disordered and labile network, particularly in the case of pectin addition. On the other hand, results obtained for dough with guar gum would indicate a good compatibility between this hydrocolloid and the gluten network.  相似文献   

Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) assessment of δ(18)O and nitrogen and ash contents for improved yield potential and drought adaptation in maize     

Cabrera-Bosquet L  Sánchez C  Rosales A  Palacios-Rojas N  Araus JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(2):467-474

The oxygen isotope composition (δ(18)O), accumulation of minerals (ash content), and nitrogen (N) content in plant tissues have been recently proposed as useful integrative physiological criteria associated with yield potential and drought resistance in maize. This study tested the ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict δ(18)O and ash and N contents in leaves and mature kernels of maize. The δ(18)O and ash and N contents were determined in leaf and kernel samples from a set of 15 inbreds and 18 hybrids grown in Mexico under full irrigation and two levels of drought stress. Calibration models between NIRS spectra and the measured variables were developed using modified partial least-squares regressions. Global models (which included inbred lines and hybrids) accurately predicted ash and N contents, whereas prediction of δ(18)O showed lower results. Moreover, in hybrids, NIRS clearly reflected genotypic differences in leaf and kernel ash and N contents within each water treatment. It was concluded that NIRS can be used as a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate method for predicting ash and N contents and as a method for screening δ(18)O in maize with promising applications in crop management and maize breeding programs for improved water and nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality.  相似文献   

Did transmission of Helicobacter pylori from humans cause a disease outbreak in a colony of Stripe-faced Dunnarts (Sminthopsis macroura)?     

Every AL  Selwood L  Castano-Rodriguez N  Lu W  Windsor HM  Wee JL  Swierczak A  Marshall BJ  Kaakoush NO  Mitchell HM  Sutton P 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):26

ABSTRACT: Since the discovery that Helicobacter pylori causes a range of pathologies in the stomachs of infected humans, it has become apparent that Helicobacters are found in a diverse range of animal species where they are frequently associated with disease. In 2003 and 2004, there were two outbreaks of increased mortality associated with gastric bleeding and weight-loss in a captive colony of the Australian marsupial, the Stripe-faced Dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura). The presence of gastric pathology led to an investigation of potential Helicobacter pathogenesis in these animals. Histological examination revealed the presence of gastritis, and PCR analysis confirmed the presence of Helicobacter infection in the stomachs of these marsupials. Surprisingly, sequencing of 16S rRNA from these bacteria identified the species as H. pylori and PCR confirmed the strain to be positive for the important pathogenesis factor, cagA. We therefore describe, for the first time, an apparent reverse zoonotic infection of Stripe-faced Dunnarts with H. pylori. Already prone to pathological effects of stress (as experienced during breeding season), concomitant H. pylori infection appears to be a possible essential but not sufficient co-factor in prototypic gastric bleeding and weight loss in these marsupials. The Stripe-faced Dunnart could represent a new model for investigating Helicobacter-driven gastric pathology. Infections from their human handlers, specifically of H. pylori, may be a potential risk to captive colonies of marsupials.  相似文献   

Anesthesia case of the month. Malfunction of an anesthesia machine     

Riccó C  Henao-Guerrero N 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,238(5):577-579

  相似文献   

Endothelial cells stimulate self-renewal and expand neurogenesis of neural stem cells   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shen Q  Goderie SK  Jin L  Karanth N  Sun Y  Abramova N  Vincent P  Pumiglia K  Temple S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5675):1338-1340

Neural stem cells are reported to lie in a vascular niche, but there is no direct evidence for a functional relationship between the stem cells and blood vessel component cells. We show that endothelial cells but not vascular smooth muscle cells release soluble factors that stimulate the self-renewal of neural stem cells, inhibit their differentiation, and enhance their neuron production. Both embryonic and adult neural stem cells respond, allowing extensive production of both projection neuron and interneuron types in vitro. Endothelial coculture stimulates neuroepithelial cell contact, activating Notch and Hes 1 to promote self-renewal. These findings identify endothelial cells as a critical component of the neural stem cell niche.  相似文献   

Elastic anisotropy of Earth's inner core     

Belonoshko AB  Skorodumova NV  Rosengren A  Johansson B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5864):797-800

Earth's solid-iron inner core is elastically anisotropic. Sound waves propagate faster along Earth's spin axis than in the equatorial plane. This anisotropy has previously been explained by a preferred orientation of the iron alloy hexagonal crystals. However, hexagonal iron becomes increasingly isotropic on increasing temperature at pressures of the inner core and is therefore unlikely to cause the anisotropy. An alternative explanation, supported by diamond anvil cell experiments, is that iron adopts a body-centered cubic form in the inner core. We show, by molecular dynamics simulations, that the body-centered cubic iron phase is extremely anisotropic to sound waves despite its high symmetry. Direct simulations of seismic wave propagation reveal an anisotropy of 12%, a value adequate to explain the anisotropy of the inner core.  相似文献