Transcriptome profiling helps to identify potential and true molecular switches of stealth to brute force behavior in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pectobacterium atrosepticum</Emphasis> during systemic colonization of tobacco plants     

Vladimir Gorshkov  Rim Gubaev  Olga Petrova  Amina Daminova  Natalia Gogoleva  Marina Ageeva  Olga Parfirova  Maxim Prokchorchik  Yevgeny Nikolaichik  Yuri Gogolev 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(4):957-976

In the present study, we have monitored the process of systemic plant colonization by the plant pathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba) using RNA-Seq analysis in order to compare bacterial traits under in planta and in vitro conditions and to reveal potential players that participate in switching from stealth to brute force strategy of the pathogen. Two stages of tobacco plant colonization have been assayed: i) the initial one associated with visually symptomless spread of bacteria throughout the host body via primary xylem vessels where bacterial emboli were formed (stealth strategy), and ii) the advanced stage coupled with an extensive colonization of core parenchyma and manifestation of soft rot symptoms (brute force strategy). Plant-inducible genes in Pba and potential players switching the pathogen’s behavior were revealed. Genes from the cfa locus responsible for the production of coronafacic acid displayed the strongest induction in the asymptomatic zone relative to the symptomatic one and were shown experimentally to act as the true strategy “switchers” of Pba behavior in planta. Surprisingly, cfa genes appeared to be unnecessary for establishment of the asymptomatic stage of plant colonization but were required for the transition to soft-rot-associated symptomatic stage coupled with over-induction of jasmonate-mediated pathway in the plant.  相似文献   

Colletotrichum coccodes in potato and tomato leaves in Russia     

Belov  Grigoriy L.  Belosokhov  Arseniy F.  Kutuzova  Irina A.  Statsyuk  Natalia V.  Chudinova  Elena M.  Alexandrova  Alina V.  Kokaeva  Lyudmila Y.  Elansky  Sergey N. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2018,125(3):311-317

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Colletotrichum coccodes is a plant pathogenic fungus affecting different organs of potato, tomato, and some other plants. The leaf infection with C....  相似文献   

Considering biology when inferring range-limiting stress mechanisms for agricultural pests: a case study of the beet armyworm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tania Yonow  Darren J. Kriticos  Natalia Kirichenko  Noboru Ota 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(2):523-538

Reliable niche models are a cornerstone of pest risk analyses, informing biosecurity policies and the management of biological invasions. Because species can invade and establish in areas with climates that are different from those that are found in their native range, it is important to accurately capture the range-limiting mechanisms in models that project climate suitability. We examined a published niche model for the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, to assess its suitability for bioeconomic analyses of its pest threat, and identified issues with the model that rendered it unreliable for this purpose. Consequently, we refitted the CLIMEX model, paying close attention to the biology underpinning the stress mechanisms. This highlighted the necessity of carefully considering how the different stress mechanisms operate, and to select mechanisms which align with knowledge on the species’ biology. We also identified the important role of irrigation in modifying habitat suitability. The refitted model accords with both distribution data and our understanding of the biology of this species, including its seasonal range dynamics. The new model identifies establishment risks to South America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia, and highlights that under current climate, Europe is only climatically suitable during warm seasons when crops are available. The modelling exercise reinforced the importance of understanding the meaning of a location record (e.g. persistent versus ephemeral populations) and of carefully exploring the role of habitat-modifying factors, such as irrigation, in allowing species to persist in otherwise inclement localities.  相似文献   

Efficacy of tebuconazole embedded in biodegradable poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate to inhibit the development of Fusarium moniliforme in soil microecosystems          下载免费PDF全文

Tatiana G Volova  Svetlana V Prudnikova  Natalia O Zhila  Olga N Vinogradova  Anna A Shumilova  Elena D Nikolaeva  Evgeniy G Kiselev  Ekaterina I Shishatskaya 《Pest management science》2017,73(5):925-935

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Correction of antebrachial angulation‐rotation deformities in dogs with oblique plane inclined osteotomies          下载免费PDF全文

Samuel P. Franklin DVM  Diplomate ACVS‐SA  Diplomate ACVSMR  PhD  Ryan K. Dover DVM  Natalia Andrade DVM  Diplomate ACVS‐SA  Desiree Rosselli DVM  Diplomate ACVS‐SA  Kevin M. Clarke DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(8):1078-1085

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Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Abortion in Poland between 1977-2010     

Barbara Bażanów  Natalia JackulakMagdalena Florek  DVM  PhD  Zdzisław Staroniewicz  DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) isolation and direct immunofluorescence were performed on tissues from 452 aborted and stillborn foals, which were submitted to the Pathology Department of Wroc?aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, from different farms in Poland between 1977 and 2010. Although case submissions were received year-round, the number of submitted abortions peaked in the month of January, and then gradually decreased until June. EHV-1-associated abortion or neonatal death was diagnosed in 106 cases. At the beginning of the investigations (late 70s), there were a few cases of the EHV-1 abortions, but in the first half of the 80s, EHV-1 was not isolated. Until 1990, the percentage of abortion ranged from 0% to 50%, reaching its peak in 1984. A similar situation was observed during the next two decades. In 1991, 1998, 2007, and 2008, there was no isolation, and the highest rate (50%) was noticed in 1996 and 2000. The results of this study indicate that EHV-1 in Poland remains an important cause of pregnancy loss in horses, despite extensive vaccinations.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic relationships in three species of canine Demodex mite based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA     

Natalia Sastre  Ivan Ravera  Sergio Villanueva  Laura Altet  Mar Bardagí  Armand Sánchez  Olga Francino  Lluís Ferrer 《Veterinary dermatology》2012,23(6):509-e101

Background – The historical classification of Demodex mites has been based on their hosts and morphological features. Genome sequencing has proved to be a very effective taxonomic tool in phylogenetic studies and has been applied in the classification of Demodex. Mitochondrial 16S rDNA has been demonstrated to be an especially useful marker to establish phylogenetic relationships. Hypothesis/Objectives – To amplify and sequence a segment of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA from Demodex canis and Demodex injai, as well as from the short‐bodied mite called, unofficially, D. cornei and to determine their genetic proximity. Methods – Demodex mites were examined microscopically and classified as Demodex folliculorum (one sample), D. canis (four samples), D. injai (two samples) or the short‐bodied species D. cornei (three samples). DNA was extracted, and a 338 bp fragment of the 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced. Results – The sequences of the four D. canis mites were identical and shared 99.6 and 97.3% identity with two D. canis sequences available at GenBank. The sequences of the D. cornei isolates were identical and showed 97.8, 98.2 and 99.6% identity with the D. canis isolates. The sequences of the two D. injai isolates were also identical and showed 76.6% identity with the D. canis sequence. Conclusion – Demodex canis and D. injai are two different species, with a genetic distance of 23.3%. It would seem that the short‐bodied Demodex mite D. cornei is a morphological variant of D. canis.  相似文献   

Detection and molecular characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from piglets with exudative epidermitis in Uruguay     

Ramos N  Mirazo S  Castro G  Arbiza J 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):1042-1045

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important emerging pathogen associated with distinct syndromes and diseases in swine, collectively known as porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of PCV2 in piglets affected with exudative epidermitis (EE) in Uruguay. In addition we aimed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of the isolated strains. In June 2011 an outbreak of EE detected in a small herd was reported. Piglets presented skin lesions compatible with EE and symptoms associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were also observed. Sera from affected and healthy animals were tested for the presence of viral DNA. Exclusively, diseased piglets were infected with PCV2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PCV2 isolates belonged to PCV2b genotype. We report the detection and molecular characterization of PCV2 strains for the first time in Uruguay.  相似文献   

Multi‐decadal variations in spawning ground use in Northeast Arctic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)          下载免费PDF全文

Øystein Langangen  Leif Christian Stige  Kristina Ø. Kvile  Natalia A. Yaragina  Jon Egil Skjæraasen  Frode B. Vikebø  Geir Ottersen 《Fisheries Oceanography》2018,27(5):435-444

Despite the importance both in an ecological and management context, much uncertainty remains about the underlying factors controlling spawning ground use in marine fish. Here, we investigate how spawning ground use of Northeast Arctic (NEA) haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) has changed over time. By combining data from a Soviet‐Russian egg survey conducted over a 35 year period (1959–1993) with a biophysical drift model, we estimate annual median spawning latitudes of NEA haddock. Furthermore, we test for statistical association between the median latitude of spawning and covariates that are candidates for shaping the spawning distribution of haddock. The results indicate no association with temperature, as measured at the Kola transect, or demographic structure, as measured by the mean weight of spawners. However, we find a positive and significant association between spawning latitude and spawning stock biomass, indicating that density‐dependence may be more important in shaping spawning location than other factors such as temperature and demographic structure. A potential mechanism for the reported effect of spawning stock biomass may act through the distribution at the feeding grounds, which is reported to expand north‐ and eastwards at high population density.  相似文献   

Isolation of mycoplasmas from milk, lungs and prepuce of cattle     

Natalia Zalewska-Schnthaler 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1979,2(4):447-457

M. bovis was mainly isolated from 6.25% of milk samples collected from cows with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis. The main mycoplasma strain isolated from the respiratory tract of calves with symptoms of bronchopneumonia was M. bovirhinis (12.1% of samples). M. bovigenitalium was most frequently recovered from bull's prepuce (67.1% of samples).  相似文献