Considering biology when inferring range-limiting stress mechanisms for agricultural pests: a case study of the beet armyworm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tania Yonow  Darren J. Kriticos  Natalia Kirichenko  Noboru Ota 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(2):523-538

Reliable niche models are a cornerstone of pest risk analyses, informing biosecurity policies and the management of biological invasions. Because species can invade and establish in areas with climates that are different from those that are found in their native range, it is important to accurately capture the range-limiting mechanisms in models that project climate suitability. We examined a published niche model for the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, to assess its suitability for bioeconomic analyses of its pest threat, and identified issues with the model that rendered it unreliable for this purpose. Consequently, we refitted the CLIMEX model, paying close attention to the biology underpinning the stress mechanisms. This highlighted the necessity of carefully considering how the different stress mechanisms operate, and to select mechanisms which align with knowledge on the species’ biology. We also identified the important role of irrigation in modifying habitat suitability. The refitted model accords with both distribution data and our understanding of the biology of this species, including its seasonal range dynamics. The new model identifies establishment risks to South America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia, and highlights that under current climate, Europe is only climatically suitable during warm seasons when crops are available. The modelling exercise reinforced the importance of understanding the meaning of a location record (e.g. persistent versus ephemeral populations) and of carefully exploring the role of habitat-modifying factors, such as irrigation, in allowing species to persist in otherwise inclement localities.  相似文献   

Efficacy of tebuconazole embedded in biodegradable poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate to inhibit the development of Fusarium moniliforme in soil microecosystems          下载免费PDF全文

Tatiana G Volova  Svetlana V Prudnikova  Natalia O Zhila  Olga N Vinogradova  Anna A Shumilova  Elena D Nikolaeva  Evgeniy G Kiselev  Ekaterina I Shishatskaya 《Pest management science》2017,73(5):925-935

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Correction of antebrachial angulation‐rotation deformities in dogs with oblique plane inclined osteotomies          下载免费PDF全文

Samuel P. Franklin DVM  Diplomate ACVS‐SA  Diplomate ACVSMR  PhD  Ryan K. Dover DVM  Natalia Andrade DVM  Diplomate ACVS‐SA  Desiree Rosselli DVM  Diplomate ACVS‐SA  Kevin M. Clarke DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(8):1078-1085

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Resolving systematic errors in estimates of net ecosystem exchange of CO₂ and ecosystem respiration in a tropical forest biome     

Lucy R. Hutyra  J. William Munger  Elizabeth Hammond-Pyle  Scott R. Saleska  Natalia Restrepo-Coupe  Bruce C. Daube  Plinio B. de Camargo  Steven C. Wofsy   《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2008,148(8-9):1266-1279

The controls on uptake and release of CO₂ by tropical rainforests, and the responses to a changing climate, are major uncertainties in global climate change models. Eddy-covariance measurements potentially provide detailed data on CO₂ exchange and responses to the environment in these forests, but accurate estimates of the net ecosystem exchange of CO₂ (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (R_eco) require careful analysis of data representativity, treatment of data gaps, and correction for systematic errors. This study uses the comprehensive data from our study site in an old-growth tropical rainforest near Santarem, Brazil, to examine the biases in NEE and R_eco potentially associated with the two most important sources of systematic error in Eddy-covariance data: lost nighttime flux and missing canopy storage measurements. We present multiple estimates for the net carbon balance and R_eco at our site, including the conventional “u* filter”, a detailed bottom-up budget for respiration, estimates by similarity with ²²²Rn, and an independent estimate of respiration by extrapolation of daytime Eddy flux data to zero light. Eddy-covariance measurements between 2002 and 2006 showed a mean net ecosystem carbon loss of 0.25 ± 0.04 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, with a mean respiration rate of 8.60 ± 0.11 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ at our site. We found that lost nocturnal flux can potentially introduce significant bias into these results. We develop robust approaches to correct for these biases, showing that, where appropriate, a site-specific u* threshold can be used to avoid systematic bias in estimates of carbon exchange. Because of the presence of gaps in the data and the day–night asymmetry between storage and turbulence, inclusion of canopy storage is essential to accurate assessments of NEE. We found that short-term measurements of storage may be adequate to accurately model storage for use in obtaining ecosystem carbon balance, at sites where storage is not routinely measured. The analytical framework utilized in this study can be applied to other Eddy-covariance sites to help correct and validate measurements of the carbon cycle and its components.  相似文献   

Multi‐decadal variations in spawning ground use in Northeast Arctic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)          下载免费PDF全文

Øystein Langangen  Leif Christian Stige  Kristina Ø. Kvile  Natalia A. Yaragina  Jon Egil Skjæraasen  Frode B. Vikebø  Geir Ottersen 《Fisheries Oceanography》2018,27(5):435-444

Despite the importance both in an ecological and management context, much uncertainty remains about the underlying factors controlling spawning ground use in marine fish. Here, we investigate how spawning ground use of Northeast Arctic (NEA) haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) has changed over time. By combining data from a Soviet‐Russian egg survey conducted over a 35 year period (1959–1993) with a biophysical drift model, we estimate annual median spawning latitudes of NEA haddock. Furthermore, we test for statistical association between the median latitude of spawning and covariates that are candidates for shaping the spawning distribution of haddock. The results indicate no association with temperature, as measured at the Kola transect, or demographic structure, as measured by the mean weight of spawners. However, we find a positive and significant association between spawning latitude and spawning stock biomass, indicating that density‐dependence may be more important in shaping spawning location than other factors such as temperature and demographic structure. A potential mechanism for the reported effect of spawning stock biomass may act through the distribution at the feeding grounds, which is reported to expand north‐ and eastwards at high population density.  相似文献   

Transcriptome profiling helps to identify potential and true molecular switches of stealth to brute force behavior in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pectobacterium atrosepticum</Emphasis> during systemic colonization of tobacco plants     

Vladimir Gorshkov  Rim Gubaev  Olga Petrova  Amina Daminova  Natalia Gogoleva  Marina Ageeva  Olga Parfirova  Maxim Prokchorchik  Yevgeny Nikolaichik  Yuri Gogolev 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(4):957-976

In the present study, we have monitored the process of systemic plant colonization by the plant pathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba) using RNA-Seq analysis in order to compare bacterial traits under in planta and in vitro conditions and to reveal potential players that participate in switching from stealth to brute force strategy of the pathogen. Two stages of tobacco plant colonization have been assayed: i) the initial one associated with visually symptomless spread of bacteria throughout the host body via primary xylem vessels where bacterial emboli were formed (stealth strategy), and ii) the advanced stage coupled with an extensive colonization of core parenchyma and manifestation of soft rot symptoms (brute force strategy). Plant-inducible genes in Pba and potential players switching the pathogen’s behavior were revealed. Genes from the cfa locus responsible for the production of coronafacic acid displayed the strongest induction in the asymptomatic zone relative to the symptomatic one and were shown experimentally to act as the true strategy “switchers” of Pba behavior in planta. Surprisingly, cfa genes appeared to be unnecessary for establishment of the asymptomatic stage of plant colonization but were required for the transition to soft-rot-associated symptomatic stage coupled with over-induction of jasmonate-mediated pathway in the plant.  相似文献   

Colletotrichum coccodes in potato and tomato leaves in Russia     

Belov  Grigoriy L.  Belosokhov  Arseniy F.  Kutuzova  Irina A.  Statsyuk  Natalia V.  Chudinova  Elena M.  Alexandrova  Alina V.  Kokaeva  Lyudmila Y.  Elansky  Sergey N. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2018,125(3):311-317

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Colletotrichum coccodes is a plant pathogenic fungus affecting different organs of potato, tomato, and some other plants. The leaf infection with C....  相似文献   

First description of spontaneous granulomatous aerocystitis by Phoma herbarum in a wild greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili Risso, 1810)     

Carolina de Sales‐Ribeiro  Andres Sanchez‐Henao  Natalia García‐lvarez  Fernando Real  Miguel A. Rivero  Antonio Fernndez  María Jos Caballero 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(9):1321-1325

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Synthesis and juvenile hormone activity of benzimidazolylterpenes possessing a 2,7-dimethyloctane skeleton     

Elena A Petrushkina  Natalia B Polonic  Galina B Ivanova 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):650-652

Benzimidazolylterpenes, possessing a 2,7-dimethyloctane skeleton showed IGR-activity on pupae of Tenebrio molitor L in laboratory tests: N-(7-methoxy-2,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl)benzimidazole showed the greatest activity.  相似文献   

Genomic changes in generations of synthetic rapeseed-like allopolyploid grown under selection     

Alexandra V. Amosova  Lyudmila V. Zemtsova  Olga Yu. Yurkevich  Elena N. Zhidkova  Tomasz Książczyk  Natalia G. Shostak  Anatoly A. Muravlev  Anna M. Artemyeva  Tatiana E. Samatadze  Svyatoslav A. Zoshchuk  Olga V. Muravenko 《Euphytica》2017,213(9):217

Resynthesized Brassica napus L. is an important source for broadening genetic diversity and producing lines with desired characteristics. It is also a fine model to study the processes of genomic reorganizations in recently formed polyploids. We firstly performed molecular cytogenetic characterization of newly resynthesized rapeseed (B. rapa ssp. narinosa × B. oleracea ssp. capitata) and its parental species, and also examined genomic changes in hybrids of the succeeding generations grown under pressure of selection of yellow-seeded progeny. For karyotype studies, FISH/GISH with 45S, 5S rDNA, C genome specific BoB014O06 BAC clone and genomic DNA of parental B. rapa was performed. Synthetic S0–S2 hybrids had common rapeseed karyotypes (2n = 38) including 14 loci of 45S rDNA sites and 10 loci of 5S rDNA. Progeny selection led to gradual deletion of C genome chromosomes in hybrid karyotypes. So, in karyotypes of S6 and S7 hybrids, the chromosome number was reduced to 2n = 20–22, and only chromosomes of A genome bearing 10–13 loci of 45S rDNA and 8–10 loci of 5S rDNA, variations in chromosome number, chromosome rearrangements as well as examples of trisomy and monosomy were revealed. Our findings indicate an enhanced genome instability in resynthesized rapeseed lines developed under the pressure of selection which might lead to chromosome rearrangements or/and deletions and even elimination of the whole parental genome in hybrids in succeeding generations. The approach can be useful for the development of rapeseed lines with trisomy, chromosome addition/substitution lines important for genetics and plant breeding.  相似文献