Preparation of canine C‐reactive protein serum reference material: A feasibility study          下载免费PDF全文

Francesca Canalias  Matilde Piñeiro  Raquel Pato  Raquel Peña  Lluís Bosch  Lourdes Soler  Natalia García  Fermín Lampreave  Yolanda Saco  Anna Bassols 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(1):122-129

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GLP1 and GIP are involved in the action of synbiotics in broiler chickens     

Pawel Antoni Kolodziejski  Maciej Sassek  Daniela Chalupka  Natalia Leciejewska  Leszek Nogowski  Pawel Mackowiak  Damian Jozefiak  Katarzyna Stadnicka  Maria Siwek  Marek Bednarczyk  Tomasz Szwaczkowski  Ewa Pruszynska-Oszmalek 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2018,(2)

Background: In order to discover new strategies to replace antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era in meat-type chicken production, two new synbiotics were tested:(Lactobacillus salivarius IBB3154 plus galactooligosaccharide(Syn1) and Lactobacillus plantarum IBB3036 plus raffinose family oligosaccharides(Syn2).Methods: The synbiotics were administered via syringe, using a special automatic system, into the egg air chamber of Cobb 500 broiler chicks on the 12 thday of egg incubation(2 mg of prebiotics + 105 cfu bacteria per egg).Hatched roosters(total 2,400) were reared on an experimental farm, kept in pens(75 animals per pen), with free access to feed and water. After 42 d animals were slaughtered. Blood serum, pancreas, duodenum and duodenum content were collected.Results: Syn2 increased trypsin activity by 2.5-fold in the pancreas and 1.5-fold in the duodenal content. In the duodenum content, Syn2 resulted in ca 30% elevation in lipase activity and 70% reduction in amylase activity.Syn1 and Syn2 strongly decreased expression of m RNA for GLP-1 and GIP in the duodenum and for GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas. Simultaneously, concentrations of the incretins significantly diminished in the blood serum(P 0.05). The decreased expression of incretins coincides with changed activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and in the duodenal content. The results indicate that incretins are involved in the action of Syn1 and Syn2 or that they may even be their target. No changes were observed in key hormones regulating metabolism(insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, thyroid hormones, and leptin) or in metabolic indices(glucose,NEFA, triglycerides, cholesterol). Additionally, synbiotics did not cause significant changes in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in broiler chickens. Simultaneously, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase diminished after Syn2 and Syn1, respectively.Conclusion: The selected synbiotics may be used as in ovo additives for broiler chickens, and Syn2 seems to improve their potential digestive proteolytic and lipolytic ability. Our results suggest that synbiotics can be directly or indirectly involved in incretin secretion and reception.  相似文献   

Suppression of ethylene perception after exposure to cooling conditions delays the progress of softening in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit     

Natalia Ilina  Hubert J. Alem  Eduardo A. Pagano  Gabriel O. Sozzi 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2010,55(3):160-168

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BDNF in anxiety and depression     

Kalueff AV  Avgustinovich DF  Kudryavtseva NN  Murphy DL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5780):1598-9; author reply 1598-9

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Biosynthesis of plant volatiles: nature's diversity and ingenuity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pichersky E  Noel JP  Dudareva N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5762):808-811

Plant volatiles (PVs) are lipophilic molecules with high vapor pressure that serve various ecological roles. The synthesis of PVs involves the removal of hydrophilic moieties and oxidation/hydroxylation, reduction, methylation, and acylation reactions. Some PV biosynthetic enzymes produce multiple products from a single substrate or act on multiple substrates. Genes for PV biosynthesis evolve by duplication of genes that direct other aspects of plant metabolism; these duplicated genes then diverge from each other over time. Changes in the preferred substrate or resultant product of PV enzymes may occur through minimal changes of critical residues. Convergent evolution is often responsible for the ability of distally related species to synthesize the same volatile.  相似文献   

Interplay of intra- and intermolecular H-bonding in a progressively solvated macrocyclic peptide     

Nagornova NS  Rizzo TR  Boyarkin OV 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6079):320-323

Studying solvation of a large molecule on an atomic level is challenging because of the transient character and inhomogeneity of hydrogen bonding in liquid water. We studied water clusters of a protonated macrocyclic decapeptide, gramicidin S, which were prepared in the gas phase and then cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The experiment spectroscopically tracked fine structural changes of the clusters upon increasing the number of attached water molecules from 1 to 50 and distinguished vibrational fingerprints of different conformers. The data indicate that only the first two water molecules induce a substantial change of the gramicidin S structure by breaking two intramolecular noncovalent bonds. The peptide structure remains largely intact upon further solvation, reflecting the interplay between the strong intramolecular and weaker intermolecular hydrogen bonds.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and nucleoprotein genes of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in Israel during the 2000-2005 epizootic     

Perk S  Golender N  Banet-Noach C  Shihmanter E  Pokamunsky S  Pirak M  Tendler Y  Lipkind M  Panshin A 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(3):221-238

The first two isolates of H9N2 influenza virus in Israel were collected from turkey and chicken hosts in May 2000. The actual epizootic of the H9N2 virus started in December 2001, after a 1.5-year period of silence, and still continues. A total of more than 500 isolations from turkeys and chickens were registered during the outbreaks. The present study has revealed some genetic peculiarities among the local isolates, namely: all the isolates belong to the same G1-like phylogenetic lineage, within which they form a single group, which, in turn, is divided into three subgroups in the cases of the HA and NP genes, and two subgroups in the case of the NA gene. The results present a basis for suggesting the existence of two parallel evolutionary trends originating from the same local "prototype" isolate.  相似文献   

Quantitative analysis of the resorption and osteoconduction of a macroporous calcium phosphate bone cement for the repair of a critical size defect in the femoral condyle     

Miño-Fariña N  Muñoz-Guzón F  López-Peña M  Ginebra MP  Del Valle-Fresno S  Ayala D  González-Cantalapiedra A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,179(2):264-272

Clinical orthopaedic use of calcium phosphate cement has been limited due to its slow resorption rate, but a new macroporous alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) bone cement has been designed to accelerate resorption and to increase bone ingrowth. To assess its clinical potential, the in vivo behaviour of alpha-TCP was evaluated in a critical-size defect drilled in the femoral condyles of 36 adult female New Zealand rabbits. Macroporous or standard cement was injected immediately after preparation of the defect. The foaming agent was albumen, which gave up to 75% porosity. The rabbits were divided into three groups and the lesions examined histopathologically at 1, 4 and 12 weeks. No inflammatory reaction was detected at any time period following implantation with either macroporous or standard cement. At 12 weeks, the area of the implanted macroporous cement was approximately 35% of the initial lesion size. Bone growth and revascularisation was observed inside the central pores of the macroporous cement, not only at the margins, as was found with standard calcium phosphate cement. The results indicated that both cements were osteoconductive, biocompatible and biodegradable but their different physicochemical and biological properties had a marked influence on their post-implant behaviour.  相似文献   

Plant species influence microbial diversity and carbon allocation in the rhizosphere     

Natalia Ladygina 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(2):162-168

Plant species effects on microbial communities are attributed to changes in microbial community composition and biomass, and may depend on plant species specific differences in the quality of resources (carbon) inputs. We examined the idea that plant-soil feedbacks can be explained by a chance effect, which is the probability of a highly productive or keystone plant species is present in the community and will influence the functions more than the number of species per se. A ¹³C pulse labelling technique was applied to three plant species and a species mixture in a greenhouse experiment to examine the carbon flow from plants to soil microbial communities. The ¹³C label was given as CO₂ to shoots of a legume (Lotus corniculatus), a forb (Plantago lanceolata), a grass (Holcus lanatus) and a mixture of the three species. Microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) was analysed in order to determine the biomass and composition of the soil microbial community. The incorporation of the stable isotope into soil microorganisms was determined through GC-IRMS analyses of the microbial PLFAs. Plant species identity did not influence the microbial biomass when determined as total carbon of microbial phospholipid fatty acids. However, the labelled carbon showed that the grass monoculture (H. lanatus) and the plant mixture allocated more ¹³C into bacteria and actinomycete biomass than the other plant species. H. lanatus monocultures had also the highest amounts of ¹³C allocated to AM-fungi and saprophytic fungi. The carbon allocation from plants to soil microorganisms in a plant species mixture can thus be explained by the presence of a highly productive species that influence soil functions.  相似文献   

Isolation of plant transcription factors using a modified yeast one-hybrid system     

Sergiy Lopato  Natalia Bazanova  Sarah Morran  Andrew S Milligan  Neil Shirley  Peter Langridge 《Plant methods》2006,2(1):3-15

Background  

The preparation of expressional cDNA libraries for use in the yeast two-hybrid system is quick and efficient when using the dedicated Clontech™ product, the MATCHMAKER Library Construction and Screening Kit 3. This kit employs SMART technology for the amplification of full-length cDNAs, in combination with cloning using homologous recombination.  相似文献