Prevention of inhalational anthrax in the U.S. outbreak     

Brookmeyer R  Blades N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5561):1861

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Controls on spatial patterns of wildfire severity and early post-fire vegetation development in an Arizona Sky Island,USA     

Taylor  Alan H.  Poulos  Helen M.  Kluber  Jennifer  Issacs  Rachel  Pawlikowski  Natalie  Barton  Andrew M. 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(9):2637-2656

Landscape Ecology - Spatial patterns of vegetation change and fire severity are influenced by fire exclusion, topography and weather conditions during a fire. Since the late nineteenth century,...  相似文献   

Anconeus muscle injury in a juvenile greyhound     

Olaf R. Schaaf BVSc  MANZCVS  DECVS  Tyler Roennfeldt-Philp BSc  DVM  Natalie S. Webster BVSc  CertVDI  DipECVDI  MANZCVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(8):1648-1657

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Vitamin D status is seasonally stable in northern European dogs     

Emma A. Hurst  Natalie Z. Homer  Adam G. Gow  Dylan N. Clements  Helen Evans  Donna Gaylor  Susan Campbell  Ian Handel  Richard J. Mellanby 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2020,49(2):279-291

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Acute toxicity of emamectin benzoate (SLICE™) in fish feed to American lobster, Homarus americanus     

Les E Burridge  Natalie Hamilton  Susan L Waddy  Katsuji Haya  Sarah M Mercer  Roy Greenhalgh  Ronald Tauber  Steven V Radecki  Louis S Crouch  Peter G Wislocki  & Richard G Endris 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(8):713-722

SLICE? (active ingredient 0.2% emamectin benzoate (EMB)), a feed premix developed by Schering‐Plough Animal Health for the control of sea lice on cultured salmonids, is registered for use in several countries and is being prescribed on an emergency basis in Canada and the United States. The concentration of EMB in feed administered to farmed salmon ranges from 1 to 25 μg g^?1. To determine the acute toxicity of the compound to juvenile and adult American lobster (Homarus americanus), commercial salmon feed was coated with SLICE? at a range of concentrations and provided to the animals for 7 d in the laboratory. The LC₅₀ is estimated to be 644 μg g^?1 (95% CI=428, 1275) for adult lobsters and >589 μg g^?1 for stage V and VI juvenile lobsters. The consumption of medicated pellets by adult lobsters decreased significantly with increasing concentration of EMB. Adult lobsters that died during the study had a significantly greater concentration of emamectin B1a in their muscle tissue than those that survived. These results support the conclusion that salmon feed medicated with EMB at the concentrations used by the aquaculture industry is unlikely to pose an acute lethal threat to adult and small juvenile American lobsters.  相似文献   

Bioelectrical impedance analysis determination of water content and distribution in the horse     

Neal S. Latman  Natalie Keith  Alan Nicholson  Michael Davis 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(3):516-520

A horse’s hydration status is critical to its health. The accurate and quantitative determination of it has been problematic because of size, length and density of hair, and uneven topography. The objective of this study was to validate a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method for objectively quantifying hydration status. Monofrequency BIA values and simple biometric measurements were used to construct predictive equations for total body water, plasma, extracellular, and intra-cellular fluid volumes. These predictive equations were correlated with standard body fluid dilution reference methods. The result was an accuracy of ±0.64% for total body water, ±0.17% for plasma volume, ±1.91% for extra-cellular fluid, and ±0.57% for intra-cellular fluid compartments. Less than 5 min was required for all of the measurements and determinations. Therefore, it appears that an accurate measurement of body fluid distribution can be performed on horses using a fast, easy, non-invasive, inexpensive BIA method.  相似文献   

Blood pressure lowering effect of a pea protein hydrolysate in hypertensive rats and humans     

Li H  Prairie N  Udenigwe CC  Adebiyi AP  Tappia PS  Aukema HM  Jones PJ  Aluko RE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):9854-9860

The blood pressure lowering effect of a pea protein hydrolysate (PPH) that contained <3 kDa peptides, isolated by membrane ultrafiltration from the thermolysin digest of pea protein isolate (PPI), was examined using different rat models of hypertension as well as hypertensive human subjects. The PPH showed weak in vitro activities against renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) with inhibitory activities of 17 and 19%, respectively, at 1 mg/mL test concentration. Oral administration of the PPH to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight led to a lowering of hourly systolic blood pressure (SBP), with a maximum reduction of 19 mmHg at 4 h. In contrast, orally administered unhydrolyzed PPI had no blood pressure reducing effect in SHR, suggesting that thermolysin hydrolysis may have been responsible for releasing bioactive peptides from the native protein. Oral administration of the PPH to the Han:SPRD-cy rat (a model of chronic kidney disease) over an 8-week period led to 29 and 25 mmHg reductions in SBP and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. The PPH-fed rats had lower plasma levels of angiotensin II, the major vasopressor involved in development of hypertension, but there was no effect on plasma activity or renal mRNA levels of ACE. However, renal expression of renin mRNA levels was reduced by approximately 50% in the PPH-fed rats, suggesting that reduced renin may be responsible for the reduced levels of angiotensin II. In a 3-week randomized double blind placebo-controlled crossover human intervention trial (7 volunteers), significant (p<0.05) reductions (over placebo) in SBP of 5 and 6 mmHg were obtained in the second and third weeks, respectively, for the PPH group. Therefore, thermolysin derived bioactive peptides from PPH reduced blood pressure in hypertensive rats and human subjects, likely via effects on the renal angiotensin system.  相似文献   

Hindsight in marine protected area selection: A comparison of ecological representation arising from opportunistic and systematic approaches     

Gretchen J.A. Hansen  Natalie C. Ban  Michael L. Jones  Les Kaufman  Hazel M. Panes  Maï Yasué  Amanda C.J. Vincent 《Biological conservation》2011,(6):1866-1875

Systematic approaches to site selection for marine protected areas (MPAs) are often favored over opportunistic approaches as a means to meet conservation objectives efficiently. In this study, we compared analytically the conservation value of these two approaches. We locate this study in Danajon Bank, central Philippines, where many MPAs were established opportunistically based on community preference, with few if any contributions from biophysical data. We began by identifying the biophysical data that would have been available when the first MPA was created in Danajon Bank (1995). We next used these data with the reserve selection software Marxan to identify MPAs that covered the same area as is protected under the current set of MPAs (0.32% of the total study area) and that would protect the greatest number of conservation targets at the lowest cost. We finally compared the conservation value of the current MPAs to the value of those selected by Marxan. Because of the dearth of biophysical data available in 1995 and the small area currently under protection, Marxan identified multiple configurations of MPAs that would protect the same percentage of conservation targets, with little differentiation among sites. Further, we discovered that the costs of obtaining and analyzing these data to be used for conservation planning would have been large relative to resources typically available to conservation planners in developing countries. Finally, we found that the current set of MPAs protected more ecological features than would be expected by chance, although not as many as could be protected using a systematic approach. Our results suggest that an opportunistic approach can be a valuable component of conservation planning, especially when biophysical data are sparse and community acceptance is a critical factor affecting the success of an MPA.  相似文献   

A review of orbital and intracranial magnetic resonance imaging in 79 canine and 13 feline patients (2004-2010)     

Armour MD  Broome M  Dell'Anna G  Blades NJ  Esson DW 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2011,14(4):215-226

Objective To review the distribution of orbital and intracranial disease in canine and feline patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist and to correlate results of MRI with pathologic conditions including neoplasia, suspected optic neuritis (ON) and orbital cellulitis. Recognized and emerging imaging techniques are reviewed. Procedure Medical records of 79 canine and 13 feline patients were reviewed. Results Neoplasia was diagnosed in 53/92 (57.6%) of patients. The most prevalent types of neoplasia were carcinoma (16/53, 30.1%), sarcoma (11/53, 20.8%), lymphoma (8/53, 15.1%) and presumptive meningioma (9/53, 17.0%). Carcinomas and sarcomas were characterized by bony lysis and intracranial/sinonasal extension. Lymphoma was generally unilateral, less invasive and originated from the ventromedial orbit. Intracranial masses representing presumptive meningiomas frequently exhibited a ‘dural tail’ sign. Diagnosis of suspected ON was made in 13 of 92 (14.1%) patients. Results of MRI in patients with suspected ON included unilateral optic nerve hyperintensity (3/13, 23.0%), bilateral optic nerve hyperintensity (1/13, 7.7%) and optic chiasmal hyperintensity (3/13, 23.0%). Seven suspected ON patients demonstrated intracranial multifocal patchy contrast enhancement (7/13, 53.8%). Diagnosis of orbital cellulitis was made in 12/92 (13.0%) patients. Conclusions Orbital neoplasia was the most common pathologic condition detected. Essential Roentgen characteristics are helpful when diagnosing pathologic processes and providing prognoses in cases of orbital or intracranial disease. Magnetic resonance imaging comprises an important diagnostic component in cases of suspected ON. Emerging contrast and functional MRI techniques as well as SI data may increase our ability to characterize disease processes.  相似文献   

Efficacy of pyrantel pamoate (Strongid) in the treatment of anoplocephalids in the horse     

H Gauderon  H Kipfer  B Hofer  K Pfister 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1988,130(6):321-328

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