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Six hundred and thirty clinically-normal milk samples from dairy goat flocks comprising a mixed population of German Alpine, Toggenburg, Saanen and Galla crosses were examined over a 3-month period to determine the prevalence of bacterial organisms. Bacteria were isolated in 28.7% of the milk samples (181/630) either singly (92.8%) or in combination (7.2%). The most prevalent bacterial organisms were Staphylococcus spp. (60.3%), followed by Micrococcus spp. (17.7%), Acinetobacter spp. (5%), Actinomyces spp. (5%) and Streptococcus spp. (1.1%). The Staphylococcus spp. were mainly coagulase negative (64.3%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci accounted for 37.5% and 22.7% respectively of the total bacteria isolated. The isolation of bacteria, some of which are important in clinical and subclinical mastitis, in apparently normal caprine milk, indicates that particular attention should be given to the management of these dairy goat flocks in order to avoid the development of cases of clinical mastitis. 相似文献
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以芦丁为对照品,正交设计优化怀菊花中总黄酮水浴提取条件,于505 nm处采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量。结果表明,总黄酮在0～50μg/mL范围内,吸光度与浓度呈良好的线性关系,水浴法提取怀菊花总黄酮的最佳提取条件为A1B1C3,即温度60℃、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1∶10、提取2次、提取1 h,提取率为109.74 mg/g。回归方程为:y=0.01058x-0.01233,R2=0.9973,平均加标回收率为98.16%,RSD为0.210%。该方法成本低,无污染,操作简便,结果准确,可作为怀菊花的质量控制方法。 相似文献
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The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Kenya 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
California mastitis test (CMT), direct leukocytes counts and bacteriological examination were performed on 630 milk samples from apparently healthy mammary glands of dairy goats comprising a mixed population of German Alpine, Toggenberg, Saanen and Galla crosses to find the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 9.8% according to CMT, 9.7% according to direct leukocyte counts and 28.7% by bacterial isolation during a 3-month period. The proportion of the bacteriologically positive milk samples was significantly (P <0.01) higher than that positive for CMT and direct leukocyte counts. There was a significant (P < 0.01) correlation between CMT and direct leukocyte counts. There was no significant direct relationship between bacterial isolation and CMT Bacterial organisms were isolated in 22.5% of the 568 CMT-negative milk samples. The results suggest that bacterial organisms isolated from the CMT-negative milksamples were either latent infections or did not stimulate any significant increase in somatic cell counts that could be detected by either the CMT or direct leukocyte counts. The observations of this study indicate that the mere presence of bacteria in goat's milk does not mean that the udder is infected and so does not warrant antibiotic therapy. 相似文献
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Ndegwa JM Mead R Norrish P Kimani CW Wachira AM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(5):441-448
A study was conducted to investigate the growth response of indigenous chickens in Kenya offered ad libitum diets with 18%, 20%, 22% or 24% crude protein. The body weights of the birds were recorded weekly and used in statistical analysis to determine the effect of the diets, using covariance analysis to adjust for the effect of the proportion of males in each pen. There was a significant effect only in the early growth stages, when diets of a higher protein level gave better growth than diets with less protein. This advantage was later lost. Adjusting for the differences in the proportion of males was important for determining the dietary effect. 相似文献
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The results obtained in the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in the dog by means of local cauterization with alcoholic iodine solution, subconjunctival application of prednisolone and intravenous ascorbic acid injections are described.
During the period 1970-75, 29 dogs were treated of which 17 recovered without relapse after one full treatment, while 6 recovered after two–to–four full treatments. Two dogs were treated with eye ointment on relapse, and four others were put down after having relapsed according to the owners.
The method of treatment described is simple and requires little special equipment. To ensure a favourable outcome early treatment is essential. 相似文献
During the period 1970-75, 29 dogs were treated of which 17 recovered without relapse after one full treatment, while 6 recovered after two–to–four full treatments. Two dogs were treated with eye ointment on relapse, and four others were put down after having relapsed according to the owners.
The method of treatment described is simple and requires little special equipment. To ensure a favourable outcome early treatment is essential. 相似文献
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A survey for Bursaphelenchus spp. in pine forests in Norway 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Wood samples from pine trees were taken from 429 sites throughout Norway. The samples were selected as being either from (1) healthy trees, (2) trees suffering from stress, either physical or pathological or (3) dead trees. Nematodes were recovered from 39% of samples, most from dead wood and least from healthy trees. Species of Bursaphelenchus were recovered from 12% of dead trees and 5% of stressed trees, but were never found in healthy wood. B. mucronatus was found at just one site and in this sample it was associated with Monochamus sutor , only one of two sites at which the beetle was detected. Based on the information gained from the survey and from other sources, an assessment is made of the risk of introduction of B. xylophilus from outside Europe on imported wood and its survival, spread and disease potential in European forests. 相似文献
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木霉T6和青霉K菌株混合培养的溶磷促生效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为拓展木霉T6与青霉K两种生防菌的使用范围,将二者混合培养后测定其溶磷能力及其培养液的促生作用。解磷试验结果表明:木霉T6和青霉K混合培养溶磷量呈现先增高后逐渐稳定的趋势,混合培养溶磷量较木霉T6和青霉K单独培养时的解磷量分别增加了646.52%和17.82%。第7 d的溶磷量达到最大,为614.06μg/mL。且两种菌株混合培养后溶磷量的变化趋势与混合发酵液pH值的变化趋势相反;盆栽试验结果表明,木霉T6与青霉K的混合培养液对小麦和白菜幼苗的生长具有明显的促生作用,能够显著增加幼苗根长、株高、鲜干重及叶绿素含量,且促生效果高于木霉T6和青霉K单独处理后的效果。由此得出,木霉T6与青霉K菌株混合培养具有很好的溶磷促生作用。 相似文献
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Effects of body condition score (BCS) on steroid‐ and eicosanoid‐metabolizing enzyme activity in various mare tissues during winter anoestrus 
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下载免费PDF全文 MPT Owen EN Ferjak CA Cavinder KJ McCarty KC Yankey CG Hart DD Burnett TTN Dinh CO Lemley 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):296-303
The objective of this study was to determine the activity of steroid‐ and eicosanoid‐metabolizing enzymes in horses with varying BCSs. The BCSs of twenty non‐pregnant, anoestrous mares were determined prior to euthanasia, and tissue samples were collected from the liver, kidney, adrenal gland, ovary and endometrium. Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), 2C (CYP2C), 3A (CYP3A) and uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities were determined using luminogenic substrates. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to test the effect of BCS on enzyme activity and differences between tissues. Activity of CYP1A in adrenals was increased (p ≤ .05) in BCS 5 versus BCSs 4 and 6. Activity of CYP1A in the liver was increased (p = .05) in BCS 4 versus BCSs 5 and 6. Activity of CYP1A was 100‐fold greater (p < .0001) in the liver than in the adrenal, ovary and kidney. Activity of CYP2C was 100‐fold greater (p < .0001) in the liver than in the adrenal, ovary and endometrium. Activity of CYP3A was only detectable in the liver. Activity of UGT in the kidney was decreased (p = .02) in BCS 4 versus BCSs 5 and 6. Activity of UGT was threefold greater (p < .0001) in the liver than in the kidney, whereas activity of UGT was ninefold greater (p < .0001) in the kidney than in the ovary and endometrium. In general, BCS did not alter the activity of steroid‐ and eicosanoid‐metabolizing enzymes in horses. However, tissue differences in these enzymes indicated abundant hepatic metabolism in horses, which is similar to other livestock species. 相似文献
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