Development of a SNLP marker from the Pi-ta blast resistance gene by tri-primer PCR   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yulin Jia  Marc Redus  Zhonghua Wang  J. Neil Rutger 《Euphytica》2004,138(1):97-105

The Pi-ta gene from indica introgressed into japonica rice has been used to control the blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Barr. (anamorph Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) worldwide. A single nucleotide length polymorphism (SNLP) was identified at the intron region of the Pi-ta gene to develop a codominant Pi-ta gene marker suitable for genotyping with an automated machine. The DNA primer specific to the resistant Pi-taallele was labeled with blue dye (FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein) as a forward primer, the DNA primer specific to the susceptible pi-ta allele was labeled with green dye (HEX, 4,7,2′,4′,5′,7′-hexachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein) as another forward primer and the DNA primer identical to both Pi-ta/pi-ta alleles was unlabeled as the reverse primer for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using these three primers, a 181-bp blue peak in homozygous resistant and a green peak of 182–183 bp in homozygous susceptible, and both peaks in heterozygous plants were produced by PCR. The utility of marker was verified using a segregating F₂ population, inbred cultivated lines, dominant markers and pathogenicity testing. A codominant Pi-ta marker was thus developed for effective Pi-ta assisted selection for crop improvement. Using highly homologous competitive primers for allele detection by PCR can benefit the study of genome organization of the complex locus. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Foreword     

Neil Anderson  Susan Galatowitsch 《Euphytica》2006,148(1-2):1-3

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Congruity backcrossing as a means of creating genetic variability in self pollinated crops: seed morphology of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. acutifolius A. Gray hybrids     

Neil O. Anderson  Peter D. Ascher  Kobra Haghighi 《Euphytica》1996,87(3):211-224

Summary Seeds of early generations of three reciprocal congruity-backcross (CBC) pedigrees, developed by backcrossing Phaseolus vulgaris-P. acutifolius hybrids to each of the parent species in alternate generations, exhibited a preponderance of traits (size, shape, color, and pattern) of the cytoplasmic parent. The large size of Red Cloud (V₁), the P. vulgaris parent common to all of the pedigrees, dominated pedigrees with V₁ as the cytoplasmic parent, while the small size and rounded or square shapes of the tepary parents, wild P. acutifolius var. acutifolius PI 263590 or G400445 (A₁₉), wild P. acutifolius var. latifolius PI 406622 (A₁₀), or cultivated P. acutifolius var. latifolius Serowi PI 319443 (A₉), were the majority phenotypes when P. acutifolius was the cytoplasmic parent. Continuing through the second cycle of CBC, that is the second backcross with each of the parent species or the fourth backcross, began an amelioration of the apparent cytoplasmic effect on gene expression, as reciprocal pedigrees became more alike, usually with intermediate expression of parental traits or the appearance of new traits. The large seed size of V₁ was recovered in hybrids with P. acutifolius cytoplasm and the kidney shape of V₁ became rare in hybrids with P. vulgaris cytoplasm. Although the tepary-bean parents represented two subspecies and both cultivated and wild P. acutifolius, the three sets of reciprocal-hybrid pedigrees with P. vulgaris Red Cloud are surprisingly similar. It may be that the exotic parent used to develop a CBC pedigree should be selected more for combining ability in the interspecific cross than for specific economic traits. While the number of generations (six or more) required to produce fertile, intermediate CBC hybrids (that did not require embryo rescue) may preclude routine use of this method by practical plant breeders, the crossability of advanced hybrids with both parental species and the amount of variability apparent in advanced-hybrids progenies suggests that CBC would be valuable for maintaining exotic germplasm in immediately useful forms.  相似文献   

Canada's boreal forest: J.D. Henry; Smithsonian Books, 2003, 212 pages, hardback, ISBN 1-588-34057-0, Price £31     

Neil Ravenscroft 《Biological conservation》2004,120(4):601

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Development and Implementation of a Forest Nursery Accreditation Policy at a Local Level in Leyte, Philippines     

Rotacio S. Gravoso  Nestor O. Gregorio  Maria Anabelle D. Gerona  Moises Neil V. Seri?o  Steve R. Harrison  Herville V. Pajaron  Jayson V. Godoy 《Small-Scale Forestry》2011,10(4):473-488

Through a series of workshops with the stakeholders including nursery operators, tree farmers, staff of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, local government units and the academe, a forestry seedling nursery accreditation policy was developed. The resulting policy was subsequently implemented by the municipal government of Palompon, Leyte. The accreditation policy encouraged nursery operators to follow smallholder-based best management practices for tree nurseries. Implementation of the nursery accreditation policy improved farmers’ knowledge and skills in the production of high quality seedlings, encouraged adoption of BMP for forest nurseries, provided additional source of income for the farmers, enabled members of the groups operating the communal nursery to forge closer relationship with each other, encouraged utilization of farmers’ free time in productive activities, developed farmers’ confidence in producing high quality planting materials, and gained for the farmers favourable attention from various organizations and groups. The Bennett’s hierarchy of project outcomes showed that the implementation of accreditation scheme achieved high levels of outcomes, indicating that it led to substantial improvements in the lives of the farmers.  相似文献   

Rust-proofing wheat for a changing climate     

Sukumar Chakraborty  Jo Luck  Grant Hollaway  Glenn Fitzgerald  Neil White 《Euphytica》2011,179(1):19-32

This paper offers projections of potential effects of climate change on rusts of wheat and how we should factor in a changing climate when planning for the future management of these diseases. Even though the rusts of wheat have been extensively studied internationally, there is a paucity of information on the likely effects of a changing climate on the rusts and their influence on wheat production. Due to the lack of published empirical research we relied on the few published studies of other plant diseases, our own unpublished work and relevant information from the vast literature on rusts of wheat to prepare this overview. Three broad areas of potential risks from a changing climate were described: increased loss from wheat rusts, new rust pathotypes evolving faster and the reduced effectiveness of rust resistances. Increased biomass of wheat crops grown in the presence of elevated CO₂ concentrations and higher temperatures will increase the leaf area available for attack by the pathogen leading to increased inoculum production. If changed weather conditions were to accelerate the life cycle of a pathogen, the increased inoculum can lead to severe rust epidemics in many environments. Likewise should the effects of climate change result in more conducive conditions for rust development there will also be a corresponding increase in the rate of evolution of new pathotypes which could increase the rate of appearance of new virulences. The effectiveness of some rust resistance genes is influenced by temperature and crop development stage. Climate change may directly or indirectly influence the effectiveness of some resistance genes but this can not be ascertained due to a complete lack of knowledge. Since disease resistance breeding is a long term strategy it is important to determine if any of the important genes may become less effective due to climate change. Studies must be made to acquire new information on the rust disease triangle to increase the adaptive capacity of wheat under climate change. Leadership within the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) is needed to broker research on rust evolution and the durability of resistance under climate change.  相似文献   

The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants     

Rensing SA  Lang D  Zimmer AD  Terry A  Salamov A  Shapiro H  Nishiyama T  Perroud PF  Lindquist EA  Kamisugi Y  Tanahashi T  Sakakibara K  Fujita T  Oishi K  Shin-I T  Kuroki Y  Toyoda A  Suzuki Y  Hashimoto S  Yamaguchi K  Sugano S  Kohara Y  Fujiyama A  Anterola A  Aoki S  Ashton N  Barbazuk WB  Barker E  Bennetzen JL  Blankenship R  Cho SH  Dutcher SK  Estelle M  Fawcett JA  Gundlach H  Hanada K  Heyl A  Hicks KA  Hughes J  Lohr M  Mayer K  Melkozernov A  Murata T  Nelson DR  Pils B  Prigge M  Reiss B  Renner T  Rombauts S  Rushton PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5859):64-69

We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments (e.g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses (e.g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics.  相似文献   

Loss of IGF2 imprinting: a potential marker of colorectal cancer risk   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cui H  Cruz-Correa M  Giardiello FM  Hutcheon DF  Kafonek DR  Brandenburg S  Wu Y  He X  Powe NR  Feinberg AP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5613):1753-1755

Loss of imprinting (LOI), an epigenetic alteration affecting the insulin-like growth factor II gene (IGF2), is found in normal colonic mucosa of about 30% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but it is found in only 10% of healthy individuals. In a pilot study to investigate the utility of LOI as a marker of CRC risk, we evaluated 172 patients at a colonoscopy clinic. The adjusted odds ratio for LOI in lymphocytes was 5.15 for patients with a positive family history [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.70 to 16.96; probability P = 0.002], 3.46 for patients with adenomas (95% CI, 1.14 to 11.37; P = 0.026), and 21.7 for patients with CRC (95% CI, 3.48 to 153.6; P = 0.0005). LOI can be assayed with a DNA-based blood test, and it may be a valuable predictive marker of an individual's risk for CRC.  相似文献   

Comment on "Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells"     

Theise ND  Krause DS  Sharkis S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5611):1317; author reply 1317

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Labeling theory     

Townsend JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,196(4289):482-484

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