Screening of feral pigeon (Colomba livia), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and graylag goose (Anser anser) populations for Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., avian influenza virus and avian paramyxovirus     

Lillehaug A  Monceyron Jonassen C  Bergsjø B  Hofshagen M  Tharaldsen J  Nesse LL  Handeland K 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2005,46(4):193-202

A total of 119 fresh faecal samples were collected from graylag geese migrating northwards in April. Also, cloacal swabs were taken from 100 carcasses of graylag geese shot during the hunting season in August. In addition, samples were taken from 200 feral pigeons and five mallards. The cultivation of bacteria detected Campylobacter jejuni jejuni in six of the pigeons, and in one of the mallards. Salmonella diarizona 14: k: z53 was detected in one graylag goose, while all pigeons and mallards were negative for salmonellae. No avian paramyxovirus was found in any of the samples tested. One mallard, from an Oslo river, was influenza A virus positive, confirmed by RT-PCR and by inoculation of embryonated eggs. The isolate termed A/Duck/Norway/ 1/03 was found to be of H3N8 type based on sequence analyses of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase segments, and serological tests. This is the first time an avian influenza virus has been isolated in Norway. The study demonstrates that the wild bird species examined may constitute a reservoir for important bird pathogens and zoonotic agents in Norway.  相似文献   

Relations between the goat MHC (GLA) and antibody response to diphtheria toxoid, human serum albumin and tetanus toxoid, using a twin model     

Eide DM  Nesse LL  Larsen HJ 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1994,111(1-6):234-242

SUMMARY: Norwegian dairy goats were tested for possible associations between the goat lymphocyte antigen system (GLA) and antibody response to the antigens diphtheria toxoid, human-serum albumin and tetanus toxoid. The serum titres to these antigens following immunization, and their GLA-specificities, were determined in 96 twin pairs. The antibody response and GLA specificity were compared between twins: twins sharing one or more GLA specificities showed a more similar primary-antibody response to diphtheria toxoid than twins with no common specificity. The main point in comparing twins is that the MHC specificity then serves as a marker for the complete haplotype, including MHC class-II genes. However, a gene substitution model that only tests the effect of the observed class-I alleles revealed that animals with GLA specificity Eu2 had a significantly higher anti-diphtheria response than Eu2-negative animals. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Untersuchungen über Beziehungen zwischen Ziegen MHC (GLA) und Antik?rperreaktion auf Diptherietoxin, humanes Serum Albumin und Tetanustoxin mit Zwillingsmodell Norwegische Milchziegen wurden in Hinblick auf m?gliche Assoziationen zwischen Ziegen Lymphozytenantigensystem (GLA) und Antik?rperreaktion auf Antigene Diptherie Toxin, humanes Serum Albumin una Tetanustoxin untersucht. Die Serumtiter nach Immunisation und die GLA-Spezifit?t wurden an 96 Zwillingspaaren erhoben und zwischen Zwillingen verglichen; Zwillinge mit ein oder mehr GLA Spezifit?ten zeigten ?hnlichere Prim?rantik?rperreaktion auf Diptherie Toxin als solche ohne gemeinsame Spezifit?t. Der wesentliche Vorteil der Zwillinge ist, da? MHC-Spezifit?t als Marker für den gesamten Haplotyp dienen kann, einschlie?lich MHC Klasse-II gene. Allerdings, ein Gen-Substitutionsmodell, das nur die Wirkungen der beobachteten Klasse-I Allele prüft, zeigte, da? Tiere mit GLA-Spezifit?t EU2 signifikant h?here Antidiptheriespiegel als EU2 negative Tiere hatten.  相似文献   

Bilateral Sertoli and Interstitial Cell Tumours in Abdominal Testes of a Goat with Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS)     

IF Canisso  LL Coffee  K Ortved  SL Fubini  LV Monteagudo  DH Schlafer  RO Gilbert 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):e64-e69

An 8‐year‐old, mixed breed, polled goat was presented for evaluation of male‐like behaviour. Clinical findings included clitoromegaly, a heavily muscled neck, pronounced beard, and erect dorsal guard hairs, which are phenotypic characteristics commonly observed in intersex animals. Transrectal ultrasonography revealed the presence of two abdominal masses caudolateral to the uterine horns. Serum concentration of estradiol was elevated. Genetic evaluation was compatible with polled intersex syndrome defined by an XX karyotype without a Y chromosome or SRY gene. Based on gross and histologic evaluation, the abdominal masses were determined to be intra‐abdominal testes, each of which was effaced by Sertoli cell and interstitial (Leydig) cell tumours. The Sertoli cell tumours (SCTs) represented two unique histologic patterns. Regardless of pattern, neoplastic Sertoli cells were consistently lipid laden and positive for vimentin. Interstitial cell tumours (ICTs) were negative for vimentin. Clinical and histopathologic findings suggest that prolonged exposure to steroids secreted by neoplastic Sertoli cells contributed to virilization. In addition, results from immunohistochemistry indicated that vimentin may be a valuable immunodiagnostic tool for differentiation between interstitial and Sertoli cell tumours in goats.  相似文献   

Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells in bovine endometrium during follicular phase of oestrous cycle          下载免费PDF全文

E Lara  N Rivera  D Rojas  LL Rodríguez‐Alvarez  FO Castro 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(5):707-714

Stem cells have been postulated as responsible for cell regeneration in highly and continuously regenerative tissues such as the endometrium. Few studies in cattle have identified and specified the presence of stem cells in the endometrium during the oestrous cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bovine endometrium during the follicular phase (FP) of the oestrous cycle. Uterine tissue was collected in the time‐frame comprising day 18 of the cycle and ovulation (day 0). We isolated, cultured and expanded four primary cell lines from endometrium and identified byRT‐qPCR the expression of OCT4, SOX2 but not NANOG (undifferentiated/embryonic markers), CD44 (MSCs marker) and c‐KIT (stem cell marker) genes; and the encoded Oct4, Sox2 and Cd44 proteins by Western blot or immunostaining of paraffin‐embedded tissue in endometrium. We demonstrated that cells isolated from bovine endometrium displayed essentially the same gene expression pattern; however, at the protein level, Oct4 and Cd44 were not detected. Besides, they showed typical functional characteristics of MSCs such as fibroblast‐like morphology, plastic adherence, high proliferative capacity, clone formation in vitro and the ability to differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. We obtained for the first time an extensive characterization of undifferentiated cells populations contained in the bovine endometrium during the FP of the oestrous cycle.  相似文献   

Simplified in situ method for estimating ruminal dry matter and protein degradability of concentrates   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Olaisen V  Mejdell T  Volden H  Nesse N 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(2):520-528

In this study, dry matter and crude protein in situ degradation data from different concentrate feeds were used to test the accuracy of effective degradability (ED) measures when using reduced ruminal incubation times compared with models based on seven or eight incubation times. The ED was estimated both with and without correction for nylon bag particle loss. The crude protein ED corrected for particle loss of the calibration data set was widely distributed in a range from 16 to 90% with an overall mean value of 60.4%, and the dry matter ED was distributed in the range from 22.7 to 80.7%, with a mean value of 56.9%. The simplified method was developed based on bilinear regression models where all combinations of one to three disappearance values were tested to find the optimal time point combinations to estimate ED. Bilinear regression models based on two and three ruminal incubation times gave similar estimates to a standard in situ method over a wide range of passage rates both for the data set used to parameterize the models and the independent data set used to evaluate the models. Using two incubation times, the bilinear model based on 4 and 24 h gave the most accurate estimates, and the models based on 2, 8, and 24 h for uncorrected data and 4, 8, and 24 h for corrected data were most accurate of the three time points bilinear models. The number of nylon bags used by these models was reduced by 58 to 78% compared with the standard in situ method, and the total incubation time needed was substantially reduced.  相似文献   

Lunar surface magnetic fields and their interaction with the solar wind: results from lunar prospector   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

RP Lin  DL Mitchell  DW Curtis  KA Anderson  CW Carlson  J McFadden  MH Acuna  LL Hood  A Binder 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5382):1480-1484

The magnetometer and electron reflectometer experiment on the Lunar Prospector spacecraft has obtained maps of lunar crustal magnetic fields and observed the interaction between the solar wind and regions of strong crustal magnetic fields at high selenographic latitude (30 degreesS to 80 degreesS) and low ( approximately 100 kilometers) altitude. Electron reflection maps of the regions antipodal to the Imbrium and Serenitatis impact basins, extending to 80 degreesS latitude, show that crustal magnetic fields fill most of the antipodal zones of those basins. This finding provides further evidence for the hypothesis that basin-forming impacts result in magnetization of the lunar crust at their antipodes. The crustal magnetic fields of the Imbrium antipode region are strong enough to deflect the solar wind and form a miniature (100 to several hundred kilometers across) magnetosphere, magnetosheath, and bow shock system.  相似文献   

Procambarus clarkii Girard as a vector for the crayfish plague fungus, Aphanomyces astaci Schikora   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. DIÉGUEZ-URIBEONDO  K. SÖDERHÄLL 《Aquaculture Research》1993,24(6):761-765

Abstract. Procambarus clarkii Girard, a native freshwater crayfish species of Lousiana, USA, was found to harbour the crayfish plague fungus, Aphanomyces astaci Schikora, in its cuticle as a benign infection. Under certain conditions, P. clarkii dies as a result of this parasite, and the A. astaci infection then becomes acute and can be transmitted to Astacus astacus (L.).
Therefore, it is now shown that at least three different species of North American crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana, Orconectes limosus Raff, and Procambarus clarkii Girard) can carry the crayfish plague fungus, A. astaci , can transfer the disease to other crayfish species, and under certain circumstances can die of its own infection.  相似文献   

Clearance of para-aminohippuric acid in wethers consuming locoweed     

JR Strickland  MA Custis  AK Ashley  LL Smith  JL Klotz  CR Krehbiel 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):288-292

AIM: To validate the use of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) as a marker for measuring blood flow in wethers consuming a mixed diet of locoweed and blue grama hay.

METHODS: Fourteen sheep, stratified by bodyweight (BW), were assigned to one of three treatments: 0.8 mg swainsonine (SW)/kg BW (HI), 0.2 mg SW/kg BW (LO), and no SW (Control). Sheep were fed various ratios of locoweed and blue grama hay to deliver SW treatments, for 28 days prior to infusion of PAH. Concentrations of SW and activities of alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were measured to confirm exposure to SW and subclinical intoxication. A single 20-ml injection of 5% PAH was delivered into the jugular vein after subclinical intoxication had been achieved. Blood samples were collected and serum analysed for PAH immediately prior to injection, then every 5 min from 5–30 min, and every 10 min from 30–60 min, following injection of PAH.

RESULTS: Effective delivery of SW was evident from the greater concentrations of SW measured in the serum of HI compared with LO animals (p<0.05). No significant differences were detected in the rate of elimination (range 0.097–0.108 L/min), elimination half-life (range 6.62–7.24 min), apparent volume of distribution for the central compartment (range 7.14–9.72 L), and clearance (range 0.73–0.92 L/min) of PAH, between treatments.

CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical intoxication with SW did not affect the pharmacokinetics of PAH. Thus, use of downstream dilution of PAH is a valid method to determine the rate of blood flow in nutrient flux experiments that involve consumption of locoweed.  相似文献   

Metal content of an indigenous moss in Armadale,Central Scotland     

F. A. Yule  O. LL. Lloyd 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1984,21(1-4):261-270

As part of a survey of patterns of disease in relation to air pollution in various towns, atmospheric concentrations of metals were measured in Armadale, West Lothian. The first survey of metallic pollutants in the environment consisted of measuring selected metal concentrations in indigenous Hypnum cupressiforme throughout Armadale. As in other surveys using this moss, Hypnum proved to be most useful in collecting at least 9 metals from the atmosphere. Some values, such as Fe, were significantly lower in Armadale, than those levels found in a similar survey sited around a steelworks in Consett, England. However, other metals such as Cu were present in much higher concentrations. All metals measured (apart from Pb values, which showed the influence of traffic routes) revealed an increasing concentration from the periphery of the town towards the vicinity of Armadale's steel foundry.  相似文献   

Selection for immune response in goats: the antibody response to diphtheria toxoid after 12 years of selection.     

D M Eide  T Adn?y  G Klemetsdal  L L Nesse  H J Larsen 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(10):3967-3976

A herd of Norwegian dairy goats was subject to selection for high and low antibody response to diphtheria toxoid for 12 yr, or approximately 5.5 generations because sires were used for one mating season, whereas dams were used several years. The herd comprised approximately 100 milking goats. Only sires were tested and selected, five to seven sires were used in each line each year, and the percentage of male kids used for breeding varied between 15 and 50%. The mean phenotypic values of the lines diverged until the 4th yr, but the lines did not diverge any further. The means of both lines decreased during the experimental period. The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimate of the heritability of the trait in the base population was .19, whereas the realized heritability approached zero in the last six cycles of selection. Using the REML-estimate of heritability in an individual animal model, the mean breeding values (BLUP) of the lines were significantly different. The difference in mean BLUP values between the lines increased throughout the study. Yet, this increase was only 40% from the 2nd to the 12th yr. No effect of a major gene was observed in a test based on individual BLUP.  相似文献