Impacts of soil erosion on organic carbon and nutrient dynamics in an alpine grassland soil     

X.J. Nie  X.N. Qiao 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):660-668

The impact of soil erosion on the nutrient dynamics in alpine grassland soils is still an essential problem. Selecting a grass-covered hillslope in eastern Tibet Plateau, the cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) technique was used to determine the impacts of soil erosion on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK). The ¹³⁷Cs data revealed that there were distinct soil redistribution patterns in different hillslope positions because of the influences of slope runoff, plant coverage and grazing activity. For the upper slope, soil erosion first decreased downward, followed by soil deposition in its lower part. In contrast, for middle and toe slopes, there was an increasing soil erosion along a downslope transect. Across the lower slope, soil erosion showed an irregular variation. Influenced by the selective transport of water erosion, SOC, TN and TP storage decreased with increasing soil erosion in upper, middle and toe slopes. In contrast, SOC, TN and TP storage varied little with soil erosion in the lower slope. On the whole hillslope, TK storage also varied little with soil erosion due to the large amount of potassium elements derived from soil parent materials. Particularly noteworthy was the greatest storage of SOC, TN and TP in the lower slope where most obvious net soil erosion occurred, which is closely related to the humus accumulation combined with gravel separation as well as weathering and pedogenesis of parent rocks induced by soil freeze-thaw.  相似文献   

Al2O3含量对烧结初始液流动行为的影响     

王喆  张建良  高冰  李峰光  王润博  孟凡一 《保鲜与加工》2015,(5):46-51

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,初始液相流动行为是烧结矿固结效果的重要影响因素。采用微型烧结法,探讨了Al2O3含量对初始液相流动行为的影响,并通过对初始液相微观结构的解析,揭示了Al2O3含量对初始液相气孔分布和结构的影响规律。实验结果表明,初始液相的流动性指数随着Al2O3含量提高而降低。水淬试样的XRD实验结果结果证实,Al2O3含量的增加提高了复合铁酸钙的稳定性,降低了初始液相的流动能力。此外,初始液相流动性亦会对气孔性质产生影响。高Al2O3初始液相中气孔结构不规则程度提高,且小于50 μm气孔数目也随之增多。  相似文献   

九里明抗菌镇痛有效部位中PAs的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈进军  聂芳红  赵生才  林红英  李明伟  马驿  徐晓彬  冯羽裳 《中国农学通报》2006,22(6):117-117

采用试管分项提取预试法、系统提取预试法和圆形纸层析预试法,进行了九里明植物化学成分预试;利用硅胶G薄板层析法,Ehrlich试剂喷雾显色,对九里明全草及其抗菌镇痛有效部位中双稠吡咯啶生物碱进行了检查。结果发现,九里明全草含有黄酮及其甙类、蒽醌及其甙类、酚类、强心甙、氨基酸、鞣质、皂甙、有机酸和生物碱,不含氰甙、多肽、蛋白质、内酯、油脂和挥发油;九里明全草含有双稠吡咯啶生物碱,但九里明抗菌镇痛有效部位中则未检出双稠吡咯啶生物碱。  相似文献   

盐碱胁迫下羊草消减文库的构建及分析     

解莉楠  聂玉哲  张晓磊  李玉花 《分子植物育种》2007,5(3):371-376

以盐碱胁迫下的羊草地上部分cDNA为实验方(tester),非盐碱条件下生长的羊草地上部分cDNA为消减方(driver),利用抑制性消减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)构建了盐碱胁迫下羊草消减文库.从消减文库中筛选1920个阳性克隆,PCR鉴定插入片段大部分集中在300～800 bp之间.将聚类后得到的552个非重复序列与GenBank中的序列进行比对,其中有548条与数据库中的序列有同源性,其中功能已知的339个,功能未知序列209条.获得了与盐碱胁迫相关的基因,如单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γ-ECS)、铁蛋白(Ferrtin)、水孔蛋白(PIP)、脱水素基因(dehydrin)、14-3-3蛋白等.本实验为抗逆基因的克隆及系统研究盐碱胁迫下羊草相关基因的表达奠定了基础.  相似文献   

灌溉方式对草莓光合特性和根系生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

钱小琴  聂凡  蔡永萍  盛新颖  聂敬全  洪萨丽 《中国农学通报》2009,25(13):113-118

以草莓丰香为材料,探讨三种灌溉方式（沟灌、滴灌、滴灌+半基质）对粘性土壤条件下草莓产量、光合生理指标和根系生长的影响。结果表明：与沟灌相比,滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式均能促进草莓的生长和增加其产量,单株产量分别增加36.89%和29.30%,在开花期草莓叶片光合速率提高了41.56%和34.46%;在结果期,水分利用率提高了28.69%和24.65%,根冠比提高了51.78%和29.28%;滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式更有利于根系生长,在开花期根体积提高了164.25%和78.72%、根鲜重提高了117.18%和84.07%、在结果期根系活力提高了70.98%和48.38%;滴灌+半基质栽培灌溉方式是一种适宜粘性土壤草莓的灌溉方式。  相似文献   

黄瓜保鲜技术研究进展     

郑朕  聂小宝  李致瑜  丁天  张俊明  史君彦 《农产品加工．学刊》2011,(8):118-121

对黄瓜保鲜技术的理化、多糖及中草药贮藏方法进行了综述,提出了理化贮藏方法和中草药贮藏方法的不足,阐述了天然多糖在黄瓜保鲜中的应用,讨论了今后的主要研究方向。  相似文献   

双针结构土壤水分传感器探针最优长度分析与试验     

赵燕东  聂铭君 《农业机械学报》2011,42(11):39-43

在两针平行式探针结构的阻抗模型的基础上,进一步理论推导了终端开路式和终端短路式两种类型土壤水分传感器探针长度与阻抗特性的关系.借助高频分析软件HFSS确定了两针平行式土壤水分传感器的最佳探针结构,并采用有机溶液模拟土壤体积含水率进行了试验,试验结果表明:终端开路式和终端短路式土壤水分传感器探针长度在0 ～8.3 cm时,其土壤体积含水率测量范围达到0～100％.  相似文献   

畦灌灌水技术要素组合优化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

聂卫波  费良军  马孝义 《农业机械学报》2012,43(1):83-88,107

以杨凌区进行的畦灌大田试验为基础,采用WinSRFR软件对各试验点的灌水质量进行了模拟,并分析了畦长、田面坡度、入畦单宽流量和改口成数对灌水效率Ea、灌水均匀度Ed和储水效率Es的影响;在此基础上,结合均匀试验设计与多元回归分析的方法,构建了包含灌水效率Ea、灌水均匀度Ed和储水效率Es在内的单目标优化模型,以入畦单宽流量和灌水时间为变量,采用遗传算法对模型进行求解,提出了试验点不同计划灌水深度条件下畦灌灌水技术要素的优化组合,结果表明其可获得高的灌水质量,达到常规畦灌节水的目的。  相似文献   

重结晶红薯淀粉体外消化前后益生作用与结构变化   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

谢涛  张淑远  王美桂  聂超南  刘慧 《农业机械学报》2013,44(8):202-206,218

研究了体外消化前、后重结晶红薯淀粉的益生作用及其结构特性。实验结果表明,退火处理重结晶淀粉、温度循环处理重结晶淀粉与湿热处理重结晶淀粉、体外消化后的退火处理重结晶淀粉、体外消化后的温度循环处理重结晶淀粉和体外消化后的湿热处理重结晶淀粉既具有抗消化道酶降解的稳定结构,又能选择性促进人粪便中乳酸杆菌群、双歧杆菌群、粪链球菌群和梭状芽孢杆菌群等益生菌的增殖。与退火处理重结晶淀粉、温度循环处理重结晶淀粉与湿热处理重结晶淀粉相比,体外消化后的退火处理重结晶淀粉、体外消化后的温度循环处理重结晶淀粉和体外消化后的湿热处理重结晶淀粉的结构更稳定,对益生菌的选择性增殖作用也更显著。因此,这种重结晶淀粉完全满足作为益生元的条件,可作为新一代益生元产品进行深入研究。  相似文献   

有机栽培水肥一体化系统设计与试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李友丽  李银坤  郭文忠  赵倩  贾冬冬  聂铭君 《农业机械学报》2016,47(S1):273-279

A water and fertilizer integrated system for organic cultivation was designed. The system integrated functions of preparing and compounding organic liquid as well as automatical irrigation. Through different subroutines of the system, the aerobic fermentation of organic materials, liquid filtration, compounding and dilution of stock solution, and decision and execution of irrigation strategy can be conducted. Thus, the integration of preparation and management of nutrient solution in organic cultivation, as well as high efficiency and fine management in water and fertilizer could be achieved. In order to verify the reliability and applicability of the system, coconut chaff was selected as organic matrix and non soil and organic cultivation experiment of cucumber was carried out in the solar greenhouse. The results showed that the system was operated stably in preparation of organic liquid and management of water and fertilizer was good in cucumber cultivation. The mechanization and automation of organic fertilizer and water management was implemented. The yield of cucumber was up to 48165kg/hm2, the content of total soluble sugar, vitamin C and titratable acidity were 2.7%, 99.2mg/kg and 008%, respectively. The development and application of this system would break through the bottleneck that existed in water and fertilizer management in organic cultivation, and it had important realistic significances.  相似文献