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Sujit Hanumant Wagh Mahadev Bhimappa Kanade Sachin Vasantrao Thite Uwe Braun Kamila Câmara Correia Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(2):e12797
In December 2020, Euphorbia leucocephala plants exhibiting symptoms of powdery mildew were observed in the Botanical Garden of Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, Maharashtra, India. Based on morphological identification, DNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity, the fungal pathogen of the disease was identified as Leveillula clavata. This is the first report of L. clavata on Euphorbia leucocephala from India and in general. 相似文献
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Yueping Zheng Mantri Nitin Lanlan Wang Yongming Ruan Bo Jiang Zonggen Shen 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):10-19
Squash silverleaf induced by the geographical variant Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an economically important disease of Cucurbita pepo L. in tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Therefore, both early detection of disease severity and judicious use of insecticides are important for minimizing economic losses. Therefore, the aims of this study were to use chlorophyll fluorescence to detect squash silverleaf early and determine the best protocol for imidacloprid application. The results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence was positively correlated with disease severity of whitefly-infested plants. Foliar spraying was suitable for application to control MEAM1 in the high risk region because it could be rapidly implemented against whitefly infestations and because it has a high knockdown rate. Soil application was slow-acting but had a long-lasting effect and was suitable for implementation during the initial stage of a whitefly outbreak. Considering the overall insect control potential and the risks to the environmental contamination and human health, 0.3 g L?1 imidacloprid is the recommended concentration using the two application methods. 相似文献
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Tyagi Nitin Thakur Sudarshan S. Shelke Sachin K. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1749-1755
Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of bypass fat on milk production and reproductive
performance of crossbred cows. Nineteen multiparous crossbred cows (2–4 lactation) were divided in two groups on the basis
of most probable production ability (MPPA). The animals in group 1 (nine cows, MPPA 3,441.32 kg, control group G1) were fed
chaffed wheat straw, chopped green maize, and concentrate mixture as per requirements while the animals in group 2 (10 cows,
MPPA 3,457.2 kg, treatment group G2) were fed the same ration supplemented with 2.5% bypass fat (on DMI basis). The cows of
G2 were supplemented bypass fat 40 days prepartum to 90 days postpartum and carry over effect of supplementation on milk production
and reproductive parameters was monitored up to 210 days of lactation. Average birth weights of the calves were 24.94 and
27.95 kg in G1 and G2, respectively. The calving per cent in G1 (88.88%) was lower than that of G2 (100%). The time taken
for expulsion of fetal membranes was decreased (P < 0.05) by 5.4 h in G2 compared to G1. Days required for involution of uterus was less (P < 0.05) in G2 (35.40 days) than that of G1 (49.44 days). Less number of cases of retention of fetal membranes (RFM) and metritis
were observed in G2 as compared to that of G1. The average milk yield (210 days) in G2 was higher (P < 0.05) than that of G1 (18.65 vs 17.57 kg/day). Similarly, the milk yield during the carry over period (90 days) was higher
(P < 0.05) in G2 than that of G1 (14.81 vs 13.79 kg/day). The time required for onset of cyclicity was reduced (P < 0.05) by 6.5 days in G2 as compared to that of G1. The service period and AI per conception were also reduced (P < 0.05) in G2 while bypass fat feeding showed no effect on conception rate (P < 0.80). There were no differences between the two groups in plasma cholesterol, progesterone and insulin concentrations.
Hence, it was concluded that bypass fat supplementation at 2.5% of DMI increased the milk production and reduced the time
required for involution of uterus and commencement of cyclicity. AI per conception, incidences of metritis and RFM were also
reduced on supplementing bypass fat. 相似文献
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Bera BC Shanmugasundaram K Barua S Venkatesan G Virmani N Riyesh T Gulati BR Bhanuprakash V Vaid RK Kakker NK Malik P Bansal M Gadvi S Singh RV Yadav V Sardarilal Nagarajan G Balamurugan V Hosamani M Pathak KM Singh RK 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(1-2):29-38
This study reports the first conclusive evidence of zoonotic camelpox virus (CMLV) infection in humans associated with outbreaks in dromedarian camels (Camelus dromedaries) in northwest region of India during 2009. CMLV infection is usually restricted to camels and causes localised skin lesions but occasionally leads to generalised form of disease. However, the present outbreak involved camel handlers and attendants with clinical manifestations such as papules, vesicles, ulceration and finally scabs over fingers and hands. In camels, the pock-like lesions were distributed over the hairless parts of the body. On the basis of clinical and epidemiological features coupled with serological tests and molecular characterization of the causative agent, CMLV zoonosis was confirmed in three human cases. Clinical samples such as skin scabs/swabs and blood collected from affected animals and humans were analysed initially, for the presence of CMLV-specific antigen and antibodies by counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE); serum neutralization test (SNT); plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and indirect immunoperoxidase test which was later confirmed by amplification of CMLV-specific ankyrin repeat protein (C18L) gene. Virus isolation was successful only from samples collected from camels. Further, sequence analyses based on three full-length envelope protein genes (A27L, H3L and D8L) revealed 95.2-99.8% and 93.1-99.3% homology with other Orthopoxviruses at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogram of the three genes revealed a close relationship of CMLV with Variola virus (VARV). Considering the emerging and re-emerging nature of the virus, its genetic relatedness to VARV, zoonotic potential and productivity losses in camels; the control measures are imperative in curtailing economic and public health impact of the disease. This is the first instance of laboratory confirmed camelpox zoonosis in India. 相似文献
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Baldev R. Gulati Harisankar Singha Birendra K. Singh Nitin Virmani Sandip K. Khurana Raj K. Singh 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(4):341-345
The seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among equines was evaluated from January 2006 to December 2009 in 13 different states of India by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and virus neutralization test (VNT). Antibodies against JEV were detected in 327 out of 3,286 (10%) equines with a maximum prevalence reported in the state of Manipur (91.7%) followed by Gujarat (18.5%), Madhya Pradesh (14.4%), and Uttar Pradesh (11.6%). Evidence of JEV infection was observed in equines in Indore (Madhya Pradesh) where a 4-fold or higher rise in antibody titer was observed in 21 out of 34 horses in November 2007 to October 2006. In March 2008, seven of these horses had a subsequent 4-fold rise in JEV antibody titers while this titer decreased in nine animals. JEV-positive horse sera had a JEV/WNV (West Nile virus) ratio over 2.0 according to the HI and/or VNT. These results indicated that JEV is endemic among equines in India. 相似文献
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Dewanand Rajaram Kalorey Yuvaraj Shanmugam Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure Kapil Kamalakarrao Chousalkar Sukhadeo Baliram Barbuddhe 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2007,8(2):151-154
The present study was carried out to genotypically characterize Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from bovine mastitis cases. A total of 37 strains of S. aureus were isolated during processing of 552 milk samples from 140 cows. The S. aureus strains were characterized phenotypically, and were further characterized genotypically by polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers that amplified genes encoding coagulase (coa), clumping factor (clfA), thermonuclease (nuc), enterotoxin A (entA), and the gene segments encoding the immunoglobulin G binding region and the X region of protein A gene spa. All of the isolates yielded an amplicon with a size of approximately 1,042 bp of the clfA gene. The amplification of the polymorphic spa gene segment encoding the immunoglobulin G binding region was observed in 34 isolates and X-region binding was detected in 26 isolates. Amplification of the coa gene yielded three different products in 20, 10, and 7 isolates. The amplification of the thermonuclease gene, nuc, was observed in 36 out of 37 isolates. All of the samples were negative for the entA gene. The phenotypic and genotypic findings of the present strategies might provide an understanding of the distribution of the prevalent S. aureus clones among bovine mastitis isolates, and might aid in the development of steps to control S. aureus infections in dairy herds. 相似文献
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Ajit Menon Christelle Hinnewinkel Claude Garcia Sylvie Guillerme Nitin Rai Siddhartha Krishnan 《Small-Scale Forestry》2009,8(4):515-527
Rural people in developing countries including India continue to access a number of types of ‘forests’ to meet specific needs
such as fuelwood, fodder, food, non-timber forest produce and timber for both subsistence and income generation. While a plethora
of terms exist to describe the types of forests that rural people use—such as farm forests, social forests, community forests
and small-scale forests—the expression domestic forest has recently been proposed. Domestic forest is a term aimed at capturing the diversity of forests transformed and managed
by rural communities and a way to introduce a new scientific domain that recognises that production and conservation can be
reconciled and that local communities can be effective managers. This paper argues in the context of the central Western Ghats
of south India that while the domestic forest concept is a useful umbrella term to capture the diversity of forests used by
rural people, these domestic forests are often not autonomous local forests but sites of contestation between local actors
and the state forest bureaucracy. Hence, a paradigm shift within the forest bureaucracy will only occur if the scientific
forestry community questions its own normative views on forest management and sees forest policy as a means to recognise local
claims and support existing practices of forest dependent communities. 相似文献