Non-steroidal inhibitors of Drosophila melanogaster steroidogenic glutathione S-transferase Noppera-bo     

Kotaro Koiwai  Kana Morohashi  Kazue Inaba  Kana Ebihara  Hirotatsu Kojima  Takayoshi Okabe  Ryunosuke Yoshino  Takatsugu Hirokawa  Taiki Nampo  Yuuta Fujikawa  Hideshi Inoue  Fumiaki Yumoto  Toshiya Senda  Ryusuke Niwa 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(1):75

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) can be developed by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of insect-specific biological events. Because insect molting, and metamorphosis are controlled by ecdysteroids, their biosynthetic pathways can serve as targets for IGR development. The glutathione S-transferase Noppera-bo (Nobo), which is conserved in dipteran and lepidopteran species, plays an essential role in ecdysteroid biosynthesis. Our previous study using 17β-estradiol as a molecular probe revealed that Asp113 of Drosophila melanogaster Nobo (DmNobo) is essential for its biological function. However, to develop IGRs with a greater Nobo inhibitory activity than 17β-estradiol, further structural information is warranted. Here, we report five novel non-steroidal DmNobo inhibitors. Analysis of crystal structures of complexes revealed that DmNobo binds these inhibitors in an Asp113-independent manner. Among amino acid residues at the substrate-recognition site, conformation of conserved Phe39 was dynamically altered upon inhibitor binding. Therefore, these inhibitors can serve as seed compounds for IGR development.  相似文献   

Pneumocystis Pneumonia in a Thoroughbred Racehorse     

Takanori Ueno  Hidekazu Niwa  Yuta Kinoshita  Yoshinari Katayama  Seiji Hobo 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Pneumocystis pneumonia is an opportunistic respiratory infection that occurs in immunocompromised animals. In horses, pneumocystic pneumonia is observed mostly in foals and often progresses rapidly. Here, we report pneumocystic pneumonia in a Thoroughbred racehorse. A 3-year-old Thoroughbred racehorse colt had marked respiratory symptoms for 3 weeks and was unresponsive to antibiotic treatment. At necropsy, firm, tan, patchy lesions were scattered diffusely in the lungs. Microscopically, alveolar septa thickened by proliferation of collagen fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed. In the alveolar spaces, many brown-black yeast-like organisms similar to cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii were recognized by staining with Gomori's methenamine silver. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained before necropsy included macrophages engulfing the fungus bodies. Amplified products were obtained from BALF and lung tissue samples by Pneumocystis-specific nested PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the P. carinii organism from BALF was related to the Pneumocystis spp. detected in other animals and was especially close to P. carinii derived from ferrets. This is a rare case of pneumocystic pneumonia in a colt with chronic pulmonary lesions.  相似文献   

Proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine peptide set as a specific antigen for the serological diagnosis of strangles     

Hobo S  Niwa H  Anzai T 《The Veterinary record》2006,159(19):629-632

The reactivity of synthesised peptide sets for the M-like proteins SeM and SzPSe with sera from horses infected with Streptococcus equi or Streptococcus zooepidemicus, or control horses, was investigated by an ELISA. Seventeen horses were infected experimentally with S equi or S zooepidemicus, convalescent sera were obtained from 25 horses and control sera were obtained from 1945 horses. The serum antibody responses of individual horses to the peptide sets were highly variable. Some of the peptide sets for SeM reacted strongly with the sera from the horses infected experimentally with S equi, but also reacted with sera from some of the horses infected experimentally with S zooepidemicus. However, the proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine (PEPK) repeats peptide set, synthesised from the PEPK repeats areas of SzPSe, reacted most strongly with the sera from the horses infected experimentally with S equi and the horses convalescing from strangles, and reacted only minimally with the sera from the horses infected experimentally with S zooepidemicus and the control horses.  相似文献   

Cosmological magnetic field: a fossil of density perturbations in the early universe     

Ichiki K  Takahashi K  Ohno H  Hanayama H  Sugiyama N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5762):827-829

The origin of the substantial magnetic fields that are found in galaxies and on even larger scales, such as in clusters of galaxies, is yet unclear. If the second-order couplings between photons and electrons are considered, then cosmological density fluctuations, which explain the large-scale structure of the universe, can also produce magnetic fields on cosmological scales before the epoch of recombination. By evaluating the power spectrum of these cosmological magnetic fields on a range of scales, we show here that magnetic fields of 10(-18.1) gauss are generated at a 1-megaparsec scale and can be even stronger at smaller scales (10(-14.1) gauss at 10 kiloparsecs). These fields are large enough to seed magnetic fields in galaxies and may therefore have affected primordial star formation in the early universe.  相似文献   

H2O2 production by copper amine oxidase, a component of the ecto-apyrase (ATPase)-containing protein complex(es) in the pea cell wall, is regulated by an elicitor and a suppressor from Mycosphaerella pinodes     

Kazuhiro Toyoda  Eri Yasunaga  Masanobu Niwa  Yuko Ohwatari  Atsushi Nakashima  Yoshishige Inagaki  Yuki Ichinose  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(5):311-315

Blue native PAGE analysis for cell wall proteins from pea epicotyls demonstrated that cell wall-associated ecto-apyrase (ATPase) formed a large protein complex(es) ranging from 450 to 900?kDa; one of the components of the complex was copper amine oxidase (CuAO), which catalyzes the oxidation of amines with the subsequent generation of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. CuAO activity was coordinately regulated in vitro with ATP-hydrolyzing activity by an elicitor and a suppressor from Mycosphaerella pinodes. Moreover, treatment of cell wall proteins with the suppressor caused the appearance of the apyrase monomer. On the basis of these results, M. pinodes may target the apyrase-containing protein complex(es) of the host to attenuate cell wall-based, extracellular defense(s) including the production of hydrogen peroxide.  相似文献   

Varietal variation and physiological basis for inhibition of wheat seed germination after excessive water treatment     

Kihachi Ueno  Hidekazu Takahashi 《Euphytica》1997,94(2):169-173

Soaking the seeds of most upland plants in water before sowing results in poor germination. Varietal differences in flooding tolerance of seeds have been reported in maize, soybean, barley and so on. This study was conducted to evaluate the varietal difference in wheat (2n = 42) seeds to soaking injury and to examine the importance of ethanol accumulation and seed coat as determinants of flooding tolerance. Of 342 varieties tested, many from Asia appeared more tolerant of flooding than the varieties from the Middle East. Soak-induced inhibition of germination and amounts of ethanol excreted were increased with soaking duration. Seeds of 26 wheat varieties were soaked 8 days at 20 °. Subsequent germination was correlated with amounts of ethanol excreted. Seeds with a red-colored coat exhibited higher tolerance to flooding than white ones, however, a varietal difference existed even in the case where the seed coat was peeled. These data suggest that soak-induced inhibition of wheat seed germination relates to accumulation of ethanol rather than seed coat color. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Inhibitory activity of corn-derived bisamide compounds against alpha-glucosidase     

Niwa T  Doi U  Osawa T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):90-94

Bioassay guided fractionation from corn gluten meal, a byproduct of a starch manufacturing plant, gave N-p-coumaroyl-N'-feruloylputrescine (1) and N,N'-diferuloylputrescine (2) as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Some structure-activity relationships were studied by comparing the inhibitory activity by preparing some related compounds, and it was revealed that the hydroxyl group was important for the inhibitory activity of bisamide alkaloids, but not the redox potential.  相似文献   

Detection of changes in taste of japonica and indica brown and milled rice (Oryza sativa L.) during storage using physicochemical analyses and a taste sensing system     

Tran TU  Suzuki K  Okadome H  Ikezaki H  Homma S  Ohtsubo K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):1108-1118

Changes in the taste of japonica, hybrid, and indica brown and milled rice, stored for 10 months at low (5 degrees C, 65-70% relative humidity) and room temperatures were observed by physicochemical analyses and a novel method using a taste sensing system. During storage, some properties increased or decreased while others were fairly constant. The main taste components of cooked rice such as sweetness (sucrose) and umami tastes (glutamic acid and aspartic acid) were reduced during storage, whereas glucose and fructose increased. The increase of fat acidity and consequent decrease of the pH value of the cooking solution may contribute to the off-taste of cooked stored rice. A taste sensing system with 10 lipid membrane sensors was also used to classify new and old rice samples using principal component analysis. Fresh and room temperature stored japonica and indica rice could be clearly distinguished; however, it was not possible to differentiate the samples stored at low temperature.  相似文献   

Rational dosage regimens for cephalothin and cefazolin using pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics analysis in healthy horses     

Taisuke Kuroda  Yohei Minamijima  Hidekazu Niwa  Norihisa Tamura  Hiroshi Mita  Kentaro Fukuda  Masahiro Kaimachi  Yuto Suzuki  Yuki Enoki  Kazuaki Taguchi  Kazuaki Matsumoto  Pierre-Louis Toutain  Alain Bousquet-Melou  Yoshinori Kasashima 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(6):1239-1249

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Epidemiological and morphological studies of double-chambered right ventricle in dogs     

Fukushima R  Tanaka R  Suzuki S  Hamabe R  Machida N  Nakao S  Saida Y  Takashima K  Matsumoto H  Koyama H  Hirose H  Yamane Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(10):1287-1293

The double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is a rare congenital cardiac disease in dogs, and its detailed epidemiological and morphological features are not clearly understood. By investigating the profile, clinical signs, and characteristics of examination findings of eleven dogs with DCRV by means of a retrospective study, we attempted to clarify the epidemiology and morphology of the condition. The study group consisted of nine males and two females. Breeds included Pug (n=3), Miniature Dachshund (n=1), French Bull-dog (n=1), Shiba (n=1), and Retrievers (n=5). The attachment site of the anomalous muscular bundle was continuous with the cardiac apex in nine dogs, and it was attached to the right ventricle free wall in the other two dogs. In dogs with DCRV, at least one of the following conditions was present concurrently: congenital or acquired tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR), ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect. Also, the pressure difference between the two chambers increased over time, and progressive right-sided heart failure was observed. In summary, DCRV occurs in small breeds of dog as well as in large breeds of dog and it may be more prevalent in males. The existence of two types of DCRV in dogs was established. Dog with DCRVs will have a high incidence of concurrent cardiac abnormalities. Concurrent TR may be either congenital or acquired. DCRV is a congenital disorder, but the clinical condition progresses as the dog develops.  相似文献