Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the State of São Paulo, Brazil     

Mendes MC  Lima CK  Nogueira AH  Yoshihara E  Chiebao DP  Gabriel FH  Ueno TE  Namindome A  Klafke GM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,180(3-4):383-388

This study was undertaken to determine the flea diversity on urban dogs and cats in Australia in 2009-2010. A total of 2530 fleas were recovered from 291 animals (151 dogs, 69 cats and 71 uncategorised dogs or cats) from veterinary clinics across five states of Australia. The majority of specimens were from coastal areas. The cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis) was the most frequent flea species identified (98.8%, 2500/2530). The only other flea species identified was the stickfast flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea) from Western Australia. Sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit II mtDNA revealed a single haplotype across Australia within a subset of C. f. felis (n=19). Our study demonstrated dominance and haplotype homogeneity of C. f. felis on dogs and cats. Although Ctenocephalides canis was recovered from a feral fox, it was not identified from the sample of fleas analysed. This suggests that, under current conditions, it is unlikely that foxes are reservoirs of C. canis for domestic dogs or cats residing in coastal Australia, as previously speculated.  相似文献   

Geomorphology and soils distribution under paraglacial conditions in an ice-free area of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica     

Marcio Rocha Francelino  Carlos Ernesto G.R. Schaefer  Felipe Nogueira Bello Simas  Elpídio Incio Fernandes Filho  Jos Joo Lelis Leal de Souza  Liovando Marciano da Costa 《CATENA》2011,85(3):194-204

The main pedological, geomorphological and cryogenic features of Keller Peninsula, part of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica, were mapped and quantified with emphasis on the relationship between the ice retreat process, melt-out, landform development and soil distribution. Moraines, protalus, scree slopes, inactive glacial cirques, uplift marine terraces, biogenic landforms, arêtes and Felsenmeer were mapped. Scree slope is the main landform, covering approximately 25% of the peninsula, indicating prominent paraglacial features. Inherited, glacial landforms, such as lateral moraines, highland plateau and exhumed U shaped-valleys, are now being exposed in north Keller by ice shrinkage of former ice protecting cover. Landforms influenced soil formation and stability. Cryosols and Leptosols (WRB) roughly corresponding to Gelisols and Entisols (SSS), respectively, are the most common soil classes, with an overall tendency of absent permafrost in the coastal areas, changing to sporadic permafrost at mid-slope, and discontinuous permafrost with greater altitude and substrate stability.  相似文献   

Systemic mastocytosis and probable mast cell leukaemia in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)     

CA Phillips  S Jaensch  D Hayward 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(3):96-99

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Serological evidence for exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus in sheep co-grazed with beef cattle in New Zealand     

CA Evans  J-H Han  JF Weston  C Heuer 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(4):238-241

ABSTRACT

Aims: To determine whether sheep that co-grazed with cattle that were suspected to be positive for bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus had serological evidence of exposure to the virus.

Methods: Eighteen commercial farms that routinely co-grazed cattle and sheep in the same paddocks were recruited through purposive sampling. The recruiting veterinarians identified nine farms with cattle herds that were known or highly suspected to be positive for BVD and nine farms that were considered to be free of BVD. Blood samples were taken from 15 ewes aged 1 year on each farm and samples were submitted to a commercial diagnostic laboratory to test for antibodies against pestiviruses using an ELISA. All samples that were positive were then tested using a virus neutralisation test (VNT)for antibodies against BVD virus.

Results: Of the 270 blood samples, 17 were positive for pestivirus antibodies by ELISA and these originated from two farms that were known or suspected to have BVD virus-positive cattle. None of the samples from the nine flocks co-grazed with cattle herds that were known or suspected to be BVD virus-negative were positive for pestivirus antibodies. Within the two positive farms, 2/15 samples from the first farm and 15/15 samples from the second farm were antibody-positive. When the 17 positive blood samples were submitted for VNT, all 15 samples from the second farm tested positive for BVD virus antibodies with the highest titre being 1:512.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: In this small sample of New Zealand sheep and beef farms with suspected BVD infection in cattle, there was evidence of pestivirus exposure in co-grazed sheep. Although we were unable to confirm the origin of the exposure in these sheep, these findings highlight that farmers who are trying to eradicate BVD from their cattle should be mindful that the infection may also be circulating in sheep, and both populations should be considered a possible risk to each other for generating transient and persistent infections. Further work is needed to estimate the true prevalence of New Zealand sheep flocks that are affected by BVD and the associated economic impacts.  相似文献   

Spray Drying of Chitosan Acid Salts: Process Development,Scaling Up and Physicochemical Material Characterization     

Nilia de la Paz  Mirna Fernndez  Orestes Lpez  Caridad Garcia  Antonio Nogueira  Leonid Torres  Wilfredo Turio  Jyrki Heinmki 《Marine drugs》2021,19(6)

We investigated a spray drying process for preparing water-soluble salts of high molecular weight chitosan (CH) intended for pharmaceutical excipient applications. CH was derived from chitin of marine lobster origin (Panulirus argus). The effects of organic acid (acetic or lactic acid) and the ratio (difference) of inlet/outlet air temperature (140/90 °C or 160/100 °C) on spray drying were studied. The yield of spray-dried CH salt powders ranged from 50% to 99% in laboratory and industrial-scale processes. The spray-dried dry powder of CH salts consisted of spherical agglomerated particles with an average diameter of 36.2 ± 7.0 µm (CH acetate) and 108.6 ± 11.5 µm (CH lactate). After dispersing the spray-dried CH salt powder samples in purified water, the mean particle sizes obtained for the CH acetate salts were 31.4 nm (batch A001), 33.0 nm (A002) and 44.2 nm (A003), and for the CH lactate salts 100.8 nm (batch L001), 103.2 nm (L002) and 121.8 nm (L003). The optimum process conditions for spray drying were found: an inlet air temperature of 160 ± 5 °C, an outlet temperature of 100 ± 5 °C and an atomizer disk rotational speed of 18,200 min⁻¹. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed the amorphous state of the CH salts. The ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of CH acetate and lactate salts verified that the spray drying process does not affect the polymer backbone. In conclusion, both laboratory and industrial-scale spray drying methods for preparing water-soluble acid salts of CH are reproducible, and the physicochemical properties of the corresponding CH acid salts are uniform.  相似文献   

Co-inoculation of soybeans and common beans with rhizobia and azospirilla: strategies to improve sustainability     

Mariangela Hungria  Marco Antonio Nogueira  Ricardo Silva Araujo 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(7):791-801

Plant–microorganism associations have long been studied, but their exploitation in agriculture partially or fully replacing chemical fertilizers is still modest. In this study, we evaluated the combined action of rhizobial and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria inoculants on the yields of soybean and common bean. Seed inoculation with rhizobia (1.2?×?10⁶ cells seed^?1) was compared to co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in-furrow (different doses) or on seeds (1.2?×?10⁵ cells seed^?1) in nine field experiments. The best in-furrow inoculant dose was 2.5?×?10⁵ cells of A. brasilense seed^?1 for both crops. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum increased soybean yield by an average 222 kg?ha^?1 (8.4 %), and co-inoculation with A. brasilense in-furrow by an average 427 kg?ha^?1 (16.1 %); inoculation always improved nodulation. Seed co-inoculation with both microorganisms resulted in a mean yield increase of 420 kg?ha^?1 (14.1 %) in soybean relative to the non-inoculated control. For common bean, seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici increased yield by 98 kg?ha^?1 (8.3 %), while co-inoculation with A. brasilense in-furrow resulted in the impressive increase of 285 kg?ha^?1 (19.6 %). The cheaper, more sustainable inoculated treatment produced yields equivalent to the more expensive non-inoculated + N-fertilizer treatment. The results confirm the feasibility of using rhizobia and azospirilla as inoculants in a broad range of agricultural systems, replacing expensive and environmentally unfriendly N-fertilizers.  相似文献   

Fusarium tricinctum associated with Head Blight on barley in Argentina: pathogenicity and potential degradation of the different hordein fractions     

Martínez  Mauro  Dinolfo  María I.  Nogueira  Soledad  Stenglein  Sebastián A. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(5):1377-1381

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The objective of the present work was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Fusarium tricinctum in barley and to determine the potential effects on grain...  相似文献   

The control of polyphenol oxidase activity in fruits and vegetables   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

M. E. M. Almeida  J. N. Nogueira 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1995,47(3):245-256

Objective of this research was to find alternative methods for the control of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in fruits and vegetables with the purpose of reducing or eliminating the use of SO₂ for this purpose. Interactions between the use of ascorbic acid, citric acid, EDTA, sodium metabisulphite and heat treatment (70 °C for 2 min) in the control of PPO activity were studied in avocado (var. Fortuna), banana (var. Nanica), apple (var. Ana, Fuji, Gala & Golden), pear (var. D'Agua), peach (var. Real), potato (var. Bintje), eggplant (var. Super F100), mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and hearts-of-palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.). The results demonstrated that PPO of avocado and eggplant was most resistant to inhibition by the methods used. The least efficient method tested for the control of PPO was the addition of ascorbic acid and EDTA, while the most efficient methods investigated included the use of ascorbic acid, citric acid, sodium metabisulphite and heat treatment. The results indicated that, with the exception of PPO from avocado, the most adequate alternative method to substitute for the use of SO₂ in the control of PPO was a combination of ascorbic acid, citric acid and heat treatment.  相似文献   

Discussions on the Agricultural Machinery Development in North Forest Region of Suihua City     

CA Shuquan  LIU Lihua  CA Shuquan 《农业科技与装备》2008,(4)

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Estimates of forest biomass in the Brazilian Amazon: New allometric equations and adjustments to biomass from wood-volume inventories   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Euler Melo Nogueira  Philip Martin Fearnside  Bruce Walker Nelson  Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa  Edwin Willem Hermanus Keizer 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008

Uncertainties in biomass estimates in Amazonian forests result in a broad range of possible magnitude for the emissions of carbon from deforestation and other land-use changes. This paper presents biomass equations developed from trees directly weighed in open forest on fertile soils in the southern Amazon (SA) and allometric equations for bole-volume estimates of trees in both dense and open forests. The equations were used to improve the commonly used biomass models based on large-scale wood-volume inventories carried out in Amazonian forest. The biomass estimates from the SA allometric equation indicate that equations developed in forests on infertile soils in central Amazonia (CA) result in overestimates if applied to trees in the open forests of SA. All aboveground components of 267 trees in open forests of SA were cut and weighed, and the proportion of the biomass stored in the crowns of trees in open forest was found to be higher than in dense forest. In the case of inventoried wood volume, corrections were applied for indentations and hollow trunks and it was determined that no adjustment is needed for the form factor used in the RadamBrasil volume formula. New values are suggested for use in models to convert wood volume to biomass estimates. A biomass map for Brazilian Amazonia was produced from 2702 plots inventoried by the RadamBrasil Project incorporating all corrections for wood density and wood volume and in factors used to add the bole volume of small trees and the crown biomass. Considering all adjustments, the biomass map indicates total biomass of 123.1 Gt (1 Gt = 1 billion tons) dry weight (aboveground + belowground) for originally forested areas in 1976 in the Brazilian Legal Amazon as a whole (102.3 Gt for aboveground only) at the time of the RadamBrasil inventories, which were carried out before intensive deforestation had occurred in the region. Excluded from this estimate are 529,000 km² of forest lacking sufficient RadamBrasil inventory data. After forest losses of 676,000 km² by 2006 – not counting 175,000 km² of this deforested area lacking RadamBrasil data – the estimated dry biomass stock was reduced to 105.4 and 87.6 Gt (aboveground + belowground and only above-ground). Thus, in 2006 the carbon storage in forested areas in Brazilian Amazonia as a whole will be around 51.1 Gt (assuming 1 Mg dry biomass = 0.485 Mg C). Biomass estimates by forest type (aggregated into 12 vegetation classes) are provided for each state in the Brazilian Legal Amazon.  相似文献