A hyperpolarizing component of the receptor potential in the median ocellus of Limulus   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

J Nolte  J E Brown  T G Smith 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,162(854):677-679

There are two classes of photoreceptor cells in the median ocellus of Limulus. One class of cells respond to long wavelength (visible) stimuli with a depolarizing receptor potential and to near ultraviolet light with a biphasic, initially hyperpolarizing, receptor potential. The other class of receptors respond with a depolarization to near ultraviolet and with a biphasic response to visible light. In the latter type of cell, visible light can counteract the depolarization elicited by near ultraviolet light. The evidence suggests that there are two photopigments in each cell and that both are involved in the generation of receptor potential.  相似文献   

Yellow traps as an aid in fish farming     

S. ERHARD  H. KRATOCHVIL  M. LÖDL 《Aquaculture Research》1993,24(1):129-131

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Computer-assisted gait analysis of the dog: comparison of two surgical techniques for the ruptured cranial cruciate ligament     

B?ddeker J  Drüen S  Meyer-Lindenberg A  Fehr M  Nolte I  Wefstaedt P 《Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology》2012,25(1):11-21

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Immunohistochemical investigation of Foxp3 expression in the intestine in healthy and diseased dogs     

Junginger J  Schwittlick U  Lemensieck F  Nolte I  Hewicker-Trautwein M 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):23

ABSTRACT: Intestinal immune regulation including development of oral tolerance is of great importance for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Concerning this, regulatory T cells (Tregs) occupy a pivotal role in cell-mediated immunosuppression. Dysregulation of mucosal immunology leading to an abnormal interaction with commensal bacteria is suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in men and dogs. The aim of this study was to characterise the expression of Foxp3 in the normal canine gut of 18 dogs (mean age: 6.03 years), in 16 dogs suffering from IBD (mean age: 5.05 years), and of 6 dogs with intestinal nematode infection (mean age: 0.87 years) using immunohistochemistry. In the duodenum, Tregs in healthy dogs declined from villi (median: 10.67/62 500 μm2) to crypts (median: 1.89/62 500 μm2). Tregs were further increased in the villi of middle-aged dogs (median: 18.92/62 500 μm2) in contrast to juvenile (median: 3.50/62 500 μm2) and old (median: 9.56/62 500 μm2) individuals. Compared to healthy controls, animals suffering from IBD revealed reduced numbers of Tregs in duodenal villi (median: 4.13/62 500 μm2). Dogs with intestinal nematode infection displayed increased numbers of Tregs (median: 21.06/62 500 μm2) compared to healthy animals.Age-related changes indicate a progressive establishment of oral tolerance and immunosenescence in the canine elderly. The results further suggest that a defect in Treg homeostasis may be involved in the pathogenesis of canine IBD. In contrast, increased numbers of Tregs in the duodenum may be due to nematode infection.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and bacteremia [corrected] of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in cats from Bavaria and Lower Saxony (Germany)     

Hamel D  Bondarenko A  Silaghi C  Nolte I  Pfister K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(3-4):163-167

Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum is a tick-transmitted obligate intracellular bacterium and has been identified in a wide range of mammalian species, causing febrile disease in some. Few reports show that it can also cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in cats. As data on the occurrence of A. phagocytophilum in cats from Germany is limited, a total of 326 serum and 306 EDTA-blood samples from cats from Germany were screened by direct (Giemsa-stained blood/buffy coat smears, real-time PCR) and indirect (IFAT) methods. Of 274 Giemsa-stained blood smears which could be evaluated none was positive for morulae, but one blood sample (< or =0.1%; 1/306) was positive for A. < or = phagocytophilum-DNA in PCR. Antibodies (cutoff > or = 1:64) were detected in 53 out of 326 samples (16.2%). Altogether, the results show a high seroprevalence rate of anti-A. phagocytophilum antibodies in cats in Germany while the low detection rate of this bacterial agent by direct methods is similar to those of other studies on A. phagocytophilum infections in cats.  相似文献   

The therapy of chronic diseases of the respiratory tract in dogs and cats]     

I Nolte 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1992,20(3):301-305

Chronic conditions of the respiratory system are a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic challenge to the veterinarian. In the majority of cases the protective structures, e.g. the vibrating epithelium, have already been irreversibly damaged, so that therapy can only relieve the trouble, but not lead to a full recovery. Prior to initiating a long-term therapy that requires a lot of patience from the veterinarian as well as the owner, it is therefore crucial to carry out a thorough diagnostic procedure. This is a review of the pathophysiological basis and the resulting diagnostic consequences of chronic diseases of the respiratory system. A few selected cases are discussed and recommendations for medical treatment are given.  相似文献   

Computertomographic characteristics of primary brain tumors in dogs and cats     

Fuchs C  Meyer-Lindenberg A  Wohlsein P  Nolte I 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(9-10):436-442

Since computed tomography (CT) was introduced to veterinary medicine in the beginnings of the 80s, the CT of the skull has mainly been used for the diagnosis of brain tumors. The present study includes 18 dogs and five cats, all patients of the Clinic of Small Animals of the School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. After a CT of their skull was made, a primary intracranial neoplasm was confirmed by a pathomorphological and -histogical examination post mortem. Four of the five cats had a meningioma, one cat an astrocytoma. With five cases the meningioma also predominated in the dogs, followed by primary lymphoma with four cases. An astrocytoma, an oligodendroglioma and a choroid plexus papilloma were diagnosed respectively in two dogs. A pituitary gland tumor, a germ cell tumor and a medulloblastoma represented individual cases. Based on the pathomorphologically and -histologically confirmed diagnosis, characteristics of these primary brain neoplasms can be found in their CT image. However, changes are not pathognomonic for a certain type of tumor; a definitive diagnosis cannot be made from the CT image.  相似文献   

A comparison of corneal sensitivity between healthy cats and cats with corneal sequestra     

Wagner F  Meyer-Lindenberg A  Heider HJ  Görig C  Nolte I 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(9-10):427-431

In order to establish reference values for corneal sensitivity in ophthalmologically healthy persians (n = 40) and domestic short hair cats (n = 60) a prospective study was conducted. Furthermore corneal sensitivity in 48 cats with a corneal sequestrum was measured. Corneal sensitivity was recorded with the help of the aesthesiometer according to Cochet and Bonnet in five different corneal locations (central, nasal, dorsal, temporal, and ventral). The sensitivity for the central corneal region was recorded as amounting to 3.58 +/- 0.56 cm in ophthalmologically healthy domestic short hair cats and to 2.97 +/- 0.58 cm in healthy persian cats. The sensitivity of the central corneal area of a cat with a corneal sequester only amounts to 2.03 +/- 0.53 cm. Between the diseased and the healthy eyes no statistical difference could be demonstrated for any of the measured corneal locations. The sensitivity of the peripheral corneal locations is significantly lower than that of the central corneal region in all three groups examined.  相似文献   

Comparison of the influence of different anesthetic protocols in the development of post-anesthetic arrhythmia in the dog     

Buhl K  Kersten U  Kramer S  Mischke R  Fedrowitz M  Nolte I 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,110(10):407-412

Post-anesthetic holter monitoring was performed in 2 patient groups in order to compare the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias as a result of different anesthetic protocols. The 2 groups differed in their anesthetic protocol. Both groups received levomethadone as pre-anesthetic. The dogs in group A (n = 30) additionally received diazepam, the dogs in group B (n = 30) received propofol instead. Anesthesia was maintained by isoflurane in group A and a propofol constant rate infusion in group B. In each patient 2 holter monitorings were performed. The first recording began directly after anesthesia. As a comparison a second recording was performed on the 5th post-operative day. The recorded number of arrhythmias was low and no statistical difference was demonstrated between the 2 patient groups.  相似文献   

Analysis of systematic effects on congenital sensorineural deafness in German Dalmatian dogs     

Juraschko K  Meyer-Lindenberg A  Nolte I  Distl O 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2003,166(2):164-169

We have analysed the systematic influences, phenotypic colour markers and the additive genetic variation for congenital sensorineural deafness (CSD) in German Dalmatian dogs in order to help elucidate the importance of phenotypic breed characteristics for genetic differences of CSD. Linear animal models using restricted maximum likelihood methods were employed to estimate variance components. Data were obtained from all three German Dalmatian kennel clubs associated with the German Association for Dog Breeding and Husbandry (VDH). CSD was recorded by standardized protocols for brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER). The material included 1899 German Dalmatian dogs from 354 litters in 169 different kennels. BAER testing results were from the years 1986 to 1999. Pedigree information was available for up to seven generations. The animal model regarded the fixed effects of sex, coat colour, eye colour, presence of patches, litter size, percentage of examined puppies per litter, kennel club, and inbreeding coefficient. The common environment of the litter and kennel as well as the additive genetic effect of the animal were taken into account as randomly distributed effects. The fixed effects of eye colour, percentage of puppies examined per litter and kennel club were significant in the mixed model analysis. A significant proportion of additive genetic variation could be shown despite corrections for phenotypic colour variants. The heritability estimate for CSD in German Dalmatian dogs was h(2)=0.27+/-0.07. The additive genetic correlation of CSD with presence of blue eyes was r(g)=0.53+/-0.41 and with presence of patches r(g)=-0.36+/-0.24. We concluded that additional genes other than those associated with phenotypic colour markers in German Dalmatian dogs significantly contribute to the occurrence of CSD.  相似文献