Management of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) with fungicide seed treatments and storage practices     

Mary J. Frazier  Kiran K. Shetty  Gale E. Kleinkopf  Phillip Nolte 《American Journal of Potato Research》1998,75(3):129-135

Thiabendazole insensitive strains ofHelminthosporium solani, the causal agent of silver scurf, make controlling the disease with seed treatment difficult. Potato tuber seed treatments and environmental storage management practices were investigated as means to minimize silver scurf. Fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for control ofH. solani; disease was evaluated during the growing season, at harvest, and after 5 months of storage. Silver scurf was observed on progeny tubers eleven weeks after planting. Fungicides that reduced silver scurf incidence and severity on the seed resulted in reduced incidence and severity of the disease in the progeny tubers at harvest and significantly lower disease ratings after storage. Only small increases in disease incidence (0-8%) were seen after storage. Thiophanate-methyl with mancozeb, Captan with mancozeb, and fludioxonil were among the most effective in reducing the incidence and severity of silver scurf on seed and in progeny tubers (Incidence on progeny tubers at harvest for these three treatments were 3%, 9%, and 8% respectively). Thiophanatemethyl alone was not effective for control of silver scurf (48% incidence compared to 43% incidence for the untreated control). Environmental conditions in storage affected disease development. Reduced humidity (85%) during the curing period (0–3 weeks after harvest) significantly reduced (11%) the surface area of tubers infected with silver scurf. Free moisture on the tuber surfaces during storage significantly increased (15%) tuber surface area infection.H. solani was shown to survive in soil and on some potato storage building materials for up to 9 months. The silver scurf disease of potatoes can be suppressed using effective seed treatment and storage management.  相似文献   

Beobachtungen über den Luzerneblattnager     

Dr. Hans-Werner Nolte 《Journal of pest science》1950,23(10):150-152

Zusammenfassung 1. Ein Fünftel der Larven war nicht grün, sonder rosa gefärbt.2. Neben den normalen Fraßbildern der Altlarven wurde beiMelilotus officinalis und einigen Luzerneherkünften eine Zerstörung des Blütenstandes durch Zerschroten der Knospen und bei ersterem ein Rand-Kerbfraß an den Blättern festgestellt.3. Die Freilandbeobachtugen über verschiedene Anfälligkeit der einzelnen Herkünfte gegenüber dem Luzerneblattnager konnten durch Laborversuche bestätigt werden.5. Eine Zerstörung der Puppenkokons verhindert die Entwicklung der Puppen nicht.6. 19,2% der Larven waren durchBathyplectes curculionis Thoms. parasitiert. Als neuer Larvenparasit wurdeDegeeria luctuosa Megen. festgestellt.  相似文献   

Application of an ELISA Milk Pregnancy Test in Beef Cows          下载免费PDF全文

JN Roberts  TM Byrem  DL Grooms 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):651-658

Pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAG) are secreted by the binucleate giant cells of the ruminant placenta and enter maternal circulation at the time of placental attachment. The IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Test (IDEXX, Westbrook, ME) detects a subset of PAG in milk. Although designed as a management tool for dairy cows, there is potential for using the milk PAG test in beef cows. Our objective was to compare the performance of the milk PAG ELISA with a gold standard method for pregnancy diagnosis and determine the agreement between milk and serum PAG analysis in lactating beef cows. Angus and Angus‐crossed cows (n = 332) from two Michigan beef herds were enrolled in this study. Cows were subjected either to timed artificial insemination followed by exposure to a bull or exclusively exposed to a bull. The bulls and cows were separated 30 days prior to examination. Serum and milk samples were collected and submitted within 24 h of collection to a commercial laboratory for PAG analysis using the IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Assay (milk) and the IDEXX Bovine Pregnancy Assay (serum). Concurrently with milk and serum collection, each cow was examined transrectally by palpation or ultrasonography. When compared to transrectal examination, the performance (and 95% confidence intervals) of the milk PAG ELISA was sensitivity of 99.7% (99.0–100.0%) and specificity of 80.8% (65.6–95.9%). The lower specificity is likely due to the low prevalence (9.9%) of open cows (n = 30) in the herds examined. Of the 332 cows examined, 1.8% (n = 6) were classified as rechecks using the milk PAG ELISA. Results of the milk and serum PAG ELISA were in high agreement (kappa coefficient = 0.91). The milk PAG ELISA was accurate in predicting pregnancy status using milk collected from beef cattle between days 37 and 125 post‐insemination and may be useful for aiding management decisions in beef herds.  相似文献   

Finite element modelling of the canine and feline outer ear canal: benefits for local drug delivery?     

Wefstaedt P  Behrens BA  Nolte I  Bouguecha A 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(1-2):78-82

Current therapeutic regimes of outer ear infections in dogs and cats aim at the application of efficient local therapeutics after cleaning of the acoustic meatus. One so far insufficiently answered question is if the local application of these substances results in an individually suitable drug concentration in the external ear canal. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to develop a finite element model to calculate the values of the different areas of the external acoustic meatus in dogs and cats in order to provide a tool for the benefit of an appropriate local drug dosage determination. A 3D finite element model (FEM), based on computer tomographic (CT) data sets of four dogs and two cats, was generated to determine areas and volumes of the outer ear canal. Furthermore, various ear therapeutics and cleansers were tested concerning their optimal distribution on 5 cm2 dog and cat skin. The data shows major variations of the area values of the external auditory canal in case of the different dogs but not in the examined cats. These results suggest that manufacturer's recommendations of the pharmaceuticals might be insufficient in terms of achieving an optimal drug concentration in the outer ear canal especially in larger dogs. In conclusion, the developed finite element model has shown to be suitable to calculate areas of the outer ear canal in cats and dogs and could be of help in context with the definition of optimal drug concentrations for a local drug delivery.  相似文献   

In vitro efficacy of chemotherapeutics as determined by 50% inhibitory concentrations in cell cultures of mammary gland tumors obtained from dogs.     

D Simon  J W Knebel  W Baumgartner  M Aufderheide  A Meyer-Lindenberg  I Nolte 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(11):1825-1830

OBJECTIVE: To determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC-50) of carboplatin, cisplatin, and doxorubicin in cell cultures of mammary gland tumors obtained from dogs and to assess whether in vitro efficacy was within the range of clinically relevant concentrations, SAMPLE POPULATION: 30 mammary gland tumors excised from dogs. PROCEDURE: Cell cultures were established from the 30 tumors. Cultures then were treated with carboplatin, cisplatin, or doxorubicin. Growth inhibition of cultures was assessed via DNA measurement 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. The IC-50 values were calculated by use of linear interpolation. RESULTS: Cultures varied in their pattern of susceptibility. Doxorubicin induced significantly lower IC-50 values than the platinum derivatives. Cisplatin and carboplatin had comparable effects. The IC-50 values for carboplatin and doxorubicin were in the range of clinically relevant concentrations, but only part of the cisplatin cultures had IC-50 values within clinically relevant concentrations. We did not detect differences in the in vitro susceptibility among subtypes of tumors (ie, adenocarcinoma, solid carcinoma, malignant mixed tumor). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The IC-50 values determined in this study allowed assessment of in vitro drug efficacy of chemotherapeutics in cultures of mammary gland tumors obtained from dogs. Variations in susceptibility were evident and emphasize the importance of assessing susceptibility and resistance patterns for each tumor. Prospective studies to assess direct correlations between in vitro and in vivo efficacy must be performed to determine the clinical predictive value of this in vitro chemosensitivity assay for treatment of dogs with mammary gland tumors.  相似文献   

Identification of candidate miRNAs and expression profile of yak oocytes before and after in vitro maturation by high‐throughput sequencing          下载免费PDF全文

XR Xiong  DL Lan  J Li  XD Zi  MY Li 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):886-894

Small RNA represents several unique non‐coding RNA classes that have important function in a wide range of biological processes including development of germ cells and early embryonic, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis in diverse organisms. However, little is known about their expression profiles and effects in yak oocytes maturation and early development. To investigate the function of small RNAs in the maturation process of yak oocyte and early development, two small RNA libraries of oocytes were constructed from germinal vesicle stage (GV) and maturation in vitro to metaphase II‐arrested stage (M II) and then sequenced using small RNA high‐throughput sequencing technology. A total of 9,742,592 and 12,168,523 clean reads were obtained from GV and M II oocytes, respectively. In total, 801 and 1,018 known miRNAs were acquired from GV and M II oocytes, and 75 miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed: 47 miRNAs were upregulated and 28 miRNAs were downregulated in the M II oocytes compared to the GV stage. Among the upregulated miRNAs, miR‐342 has the largest fold change (9.25‐fold). Six highly expressed miRNAs (let‐7i, miR‐10b, miR‐10c, miR‐143, miR‐146b and miR‐148) were validated by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and consistent with the sequencing results. Furthermore, the expression patterns of two miRNAs and their potential targets were analysed in different developmental stages of oocytes and early embryos. This study provides the first miRNA profile in the mature process of yak oocyte. Seventy‐five miRNAs are expressed differentially in GV and M II oocytes as well as among different development stages of early embryos, suggesting miRNAs involved in regulating oocyte maturation and early development of yak. These results showed specific miRNAs in yak oocytes had dynamic changes during meiosis. Further functional and mechanistic studies on the miRNAs during meiosis may beneficial to understanding the role of miRNAs on meiotic division.  相似文献   

Intraoperative use of a reflective blanket (Sirius^® rescue sheet) for temperature management in dogs less than 10 kg     

J. Tünsmeyer    I. Bojarski    I. Nolte    S. Kramer 《The Journal of small animal practice》2009,50(7):350-355

O bjectives : To compare the effects of the Sirius^® rescue sheet with gel pads versus gel pads alone on intraoperative body temperature in dogs less than 10 kg.
M ethods : Forty small breed dogs undergoing elective surgical procedures were randomly assigned to two groups. One group was intraoperatively laid on warmed gel pads, and the other group was additionally wrapped in a Sirius^® rescue sheet. Oesophageal body temperature was determined every 10 minutes and compared between groups. Temperature of gel pads was measured preoperatively and postoperatively to compare heat loss of the gel pads between groups.
R esults : The body temperature of dogs wrapped with the Sirius^® rescue sheet increased intraoperatively. In dogs just lying on warmed gel pads, a decrease in mean body temperature was revealed and mean body temperatures differed between groups after 40 minutes. Extent of heat loss from the gel pads did not differ between the groups.
C linical S ignificance : The Sirius^® rescue sheet, used in addition to warmed gel pads, led to higher intraoperative body temperatures in small breed dogs undergoing surgical procedures to the extremities and the head. The cost-effectiveness and ease of handling make this a useful addition to clinical practice.  相似文献   

Supplementation with Phaseolus vulgaris Leaves Improves Metabolic Alterations Induced by High-Fat/Fructose Diet in Rats Under Time-Restricted Feeding     

Ramírez-Venegas  G.  De Ita-Pérez  DL.  Díaz-Muñoz  M.  Méndez  I.  García-Gasca  T.  Ahumada-Solórzano  M.  Zambrano-Estrada  X.  Vázquez-Martínez  O.  Guzmán-Maldonado  H.  Luna-Moreno  D. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2021,76(3):297-303

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Time-restricted feeding and food enriched in polyphenols are strategies to prevent or reduce metabolic disorders. Bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a...  相似文献   

Two fiber genes of nearly equal lengths are a common and distinctive feature of Fowl adenovirus C members     

Marek A  Nolte V  Schachner A  Berger E  Schlötterer C  Hess M 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(3-4):411-417

The complete genome or the genome region containing the two fiber genes of two reference strains and one field isolate representing both serotypes of Fowl adenovirus C were sequenced. Two fiber genes were revealed in the genomes of all three isolates. Fiber-1 and fiber-2 genes of several Fowl adenovirus C isolates were sequenced as well. Both serotypes 4 and 10 have two fiber genes. The genome region containing the fiber gene was also sequenced for the reference strain of Fowl adenovirus B. Just one fiber gene was revealed in this strain. Predicted amino acid sequences were compared to already published fiber sequences of different adenovirus isolates and one amino acid substitution within fiber-2 was detected in all of the Fowl adenovirus C isolates that were isolated from chickens with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in comparison to apathogenic isolates. Phylogenetic analyses provided insights about the evolution of fiber genes in avian adenoviruses and their genetic relationships.  相似文献   

Analysis of veterinary certificates on tail docking in dogs     

Nolte I 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,113(3):102-104

Despite the fact that docking of dogs has been banned in Germany for years, many animals are still docked, mainly owing to overcome traditional thinking. This is possible by some exceptions made by the law: the import of dogs that have been docked abroad, and medical indications for docking. In order to substantiate the necessity of such medical indications, the patient material of the Small Animal Clinic of the Veterinary School Hanover was analysed and compared with a number of veterinary certificates for docked dogs that were to be shown at exhibitions, stating a medical indication. It shows that the latter predominantly cover dogs belonging to breeds that are traditionally docked, the Doberman in the first line. Contrasted with this, dogs from our own patient material showed an even breed distribution, with no Doberman at all within a five year period. Moreover, the fact that certain breeds were predominantly docked by the same veterinarian as well as the medical reasons stated were suspicious. Consequently, doubts should be raised in cases of accumulations of tail amputations in dogs belonging to a traditionally docked breed, when the reasons given are the same in several animals, and when the same veterinarian performs the operation in several dogs belonging to the same breeder. Because of the scientifically proven pain that is caused to the animal both at the time of the procedure and later, as well as the possibility of long lasting chronic health impairment owing to docking, it is necessary to consequently fight this malpractice. In order to prove the stated medical indication in individual cases, either a radiograph or photography must be submitted.  相似文献