Egg detection in females of the polyphagous predator <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrolophus pygmaeus</Emphasis> (Heteroptera: Miridae) by serological techniques     

K. Franco  J. Aramburu  N. Agustí  C. Castañé 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(1):1-8

Macrolophus pygmaeus is a polyphagous mirid bug native to the Mediterranean area where it is widely used in the biological control of whiteflies and other pests in vegetable crops. To assess the presence of eggs in females is important in order to optimize predator release strategies, as well as their mass rearing. This study shows an alternative to the traditional procedures of fertility assessment based on evaluation of newly hatched nymphs. A polyclonal antiserum was produced against M. pygmaeus egg proteins, and an ELISA protocol was developed to determine whether laboratory-reared or field-collected females contained egg proteins (mainly vitellin). When field-collected females were analysed, an 80% contained egg proteins indicating that they were reproductively active. Presence/absence of egg proteins was detected with an error than 1%. Since this ELISA protocol allowed also the detection of egg protein precursors, it was more precise and less time consuming than conventional techniques as abdomen dissection or egg-hatch evaluation in determining egg presence in females.  相似文献   

Genetic variation and demographic contraction of the remnant populations of Mexican Caribbean pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus caribaea</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">hondurensis</Emphasis>: Pinaceae)     

Patricia Delgado  Daniel Piñero  Virginia Rebolledo  Lev Jardón  Francisco Chi 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(1):121-128

• Introduction   

The recognition of endangered species takes into account geographic isolation and small size of populations, as is the case of two populations of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis distributed in México.  相似文献   

Multinomial logit estimation of a diameter growth matrix model of two Mediterranean pine species in Spain     

Ernesto Escalante  Valentín Pando  Cristóbal Ordoñez  Felipe Bravo 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(4):715-726

• Introduction   

Understanding diameter growth of the Mediterranean pine species is fundamental for evaluating and making appropriate strategic decisions in forest management. A matrix diameter growth model for two Mediterranean pine forest ecosystems in Spain has been developed.  相似文献   

Effects of shrub and canopy cover on the relative growth rate of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pinaster</Emphasis> Ait. seedlings of different sizes     

Encarna Rodríguez-García  Cristóbal Ordóñez  Felipe Bravo 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(2):337-346

• Introduction   

Shrubs are recognized as important tree regeneration niches. In this study, we experimentally analysed the effects of shrub presence, canopy cover (closed cover and open cover-gaps), and seedling size on Pinus pinaster growth.  相似文献   

At which spatial scale are plant species composition and diversity affected in beech forests?     

Lorena Peña  Ibone Amezaga  Miren Onaindia 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(8):1351-1362

• Context  

Landscape structure is crucial for forest conservation in regions where the natural forest is fragmented. Practical conservation is currently shifting from local stands to a landscape perspective, although few studies have tested the relative effects of different spatial scales on plant species composition and diversity in forests.  相似文献   

Volatiles emitted by Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch as a prelude for semiochemical investigations to focus on Acrobasis nuxvorella Nuenzig (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)     

Corella-Madueño MA  Harris MK  Fu-Castillo AA  Martínez-Téllez MA  Valenzuela-Soto EM  Gálvez-Ruiz JC  Vargas-Arispuro I 《Pest management science》2011,67(12):1522-1527

BACKGROUND: Plant volatiles have complex intra‐ and interspecific effects in the environment that include plant/herbivore interactions. Identifying the quantity and quality of volatiles produced by a plant is needed to aid the process of determining which chemicals are exerting what effects and then examining whether these effects can be manipulated to benefit society. The qualitative characterization of volatile compounds emitted by pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch, was begun in order to establish a database for investigating how these volatiles affect Acrobasis nuxvorella Nuenzig, a monophagous pest of pecan. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of the volatile constituents of pecan during three phenological stages (dormant buds, intact new shoot growth and intact nutlets) of the Western Schley and Wichita cultivars. RESULTS: About 111 distinct compounds were identified from the two cultivars, accounting for ～99% of the headspace volatiles. The chromatographic profiles of both varieties revealed variations in the volatile composition and proportion between cultivars, with a predominance of terpene hydrocarbons, of the sesquiterpenes class, as well as monoterpenes. CONCLUSION: The significantly higher responsiveness recorded for the larvae of A. nuxvorella to C. illinoinensis shoots indicates that the larvae may be activated by terpenes emanating from the new shoot growth. This is the first study that has examined volatiles of pecan in Mexico. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Ethylene,but not salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate,induces a resistance response against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora capsici</Emphasis> in Habanero pepper     

Rosalía Núñez-Pastrana  Guadalupe Fabiola Arcos-Ortega  Ramón Armando Souza-Perera  Carlos Alberto Sánchez-Borges  Yumi Elena Nakazawa-Ueji  Francisco Javier García-Villalobos  Adolfo Alberto Guzmán-Antonio  José Juan Zúñiga-Aguilar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(4):669-683

  相似文献   

内生细菌EBS05在小麦体内的定殖动态及其对小麦纹枯病的防治作用   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

文才艺  王凯旋  汪敏  王努  武哲 《植物保护学报》2011,38(6):481-486

以抗药性突变菌株为筛选标记,采用稀释倒平板法,研究了内生细菌EBS05在小麦体内的定殖动态,并通过盆栽和大田试验研究了EBS05对小麦纹枯病的防治效果。结果表明,EBS05在小麦根内具有较强的定殖能力,且能从根部向茎、叶部转移,其定殖量与菌株的接种浓度呈正相关,当接种浓度为108 CFU/mL时,EBS05能在根、茎内有效定殖,并持续向叶内转移。以菌体浓度为108CFU/mL的发酵液进行浸种或灌根处理后,EBS05在根内定殖量始终大于同时期茎、叶内的定殖量;菌株在小麦根、茎和叶内的定殖数量均表现为接种初期逐渐增加,至接种后第10～12天达到最大值,随后逐渐降低。内生细菌EBS05对小麦纹枯病的防治效果优于对照药剂25 g/L咯菌腈（flu-dioxonil）悬浮种衣剂,带菌发酵液和除菌发酵液的盆栽防治效果分别达91.2%和88.2%,大田防治效果分别为66.3%和56.2%。  相似文献   

Genetic variation and genotype-environment interactions in short rotation <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> plantations in southern Europe     

Hortensia Sixto  Jordi Salvia  Marcos Barrio  Mª Pilar Ciria  Isabel Cañellas 《New Forests》2011,42(2):163-177

Growth and production in the first year, as additional selection criteria, were assessed for nine poplar clones to be used as short rotation woody crops (SRWC) in the production of biomass for energy purposes. In order to identify the most promising clones in terms of growth and yield and also to assess their stability, trials were established at different locations in Spain. The majority of these clones, which form part of the European list of base materials, have frequently been used in plantations aimed at timber production but not for biomass in Mediterranean conditions. Others, such as those selected in Italy specifically for biomass production (currently provisionally admitted), are being tested for the first time under different soil and climatic conditions in Southwest Europe. The early selection of clones for rapid juvenile growth provides a valuable additional input to the clonal selection process, especially where very short rotations are desired (no more than 3 years). In any case, determining clonal stability in terms of growth is of great use not only when deciding on the clones to be used in plantations but also when developing breeding programs. ANOVA and Genotype plus Genotype × Environment (GGE) biplot analyses were used to analyse the growth and stability of the clones, which were then ranked according to mean performance and stability. Differences were detected between clones as well as between the different environments tested. The biplot analysis allowed different groups of clones to be identified according to their performance and degree of interaction displayed, thus providing useful information for the selection process. The production of aboveground biomass in the first vegetative period ranged from 1.7 to 8.0 Mg DM ha⁻¹ at the different sites. ‘Monviso’, ‘Guardi’, ‘AF2’ and ‘2000 verde’ were the most productive clones whereas ‘Unal’, ‘Pegaso’ and ‘USA 49-177’ were the least productive. The stability analysis identified ‘AF2’, ‘Guardi’, ‘I-214’ and ‘MC’ as more stable clones while ‘Monviso’, ‘2000 verde’, ‘Unal’, ‘Pegaso’ and ‘USA 49-177’ were found to be specifically adapted to certain environments. This implies that where information on site conditions is not available, the ‘AF2’ and ‘Guardi’ clones offer greater assurance of successful establishment and higher initial growth. The growth of ‘Monviso’ ‘2000 verde’ ‘Unal’ ‘Pegaso’ and ‘USA 49-177’ clones is highly dependent on site conditions during the establishment phase. Similarly, the SH (Shore Henares river) and LT (La Tallada) sites were identified as the most highly discriminative environments for the set of clones while CS (Cubo de la Solana) and AR (Atarfe) were identified as those where performance levels were average.  相似文献   

Functional properties of guava seed glutelins     

Bernardino-Nicanor A  Añón MC  Scilingo AA  Dávila-Ortíz G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3613-3617

Five guava seed glutelin extracts were obtained with different buffer solutions: Na(2)B(4)O(7) alone (Glut.Bo) or containing SDS (Glut.BoSDS), 2-mercaptoethanol (Glut.Bo2-ME), or a combination of both (Glut.BoSDS2-ME) and NaOH (Glut.Na). All borate buffer solutions were at pH 10. The higher yield of glutelins corresponded to the Glut.BoSDS extract (81.9% dry basis) and the lower to Glut.Bo (6.8%). The functional properties of the five guava seed glutelin extracts were determined. Glut.BoSDS, Glut.BoSDS2-ME, and Glut.Na showed high values for several properties, including surface hydrophobicity (7.7, 10.8, and 0.6, respectively), solubility at pH 10 (91.1, 77.9, and 96.7, respectively), water-holding capacity at pH 3.6 (1.7, 2.5, and 2.8, respectively), emulsifying activity index (pH 10; 503.5, 238.2, and 838.0, respectively), and foaming properties (pH 10; V(0) = 0.14, 0.25, and 0.19, respectively; V(max) = 6.1, 5.59, and 4.51, respectively; t(1/2) = 266, 255.3, and 94 s, respectively). These results suggest that the denaturing reagent (SDS or NaOH) during extraction conferred on the proteins a structure that facilitated the development of their functional properties.  相似文献