Detection of ruminant meat and bone meals in animal feed by real-time polymerase chain reaction: result of an interlaboratory study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Prado M  Berben G  Fumière O  van Duijn G  Mensinga-Kruize J  Reaney S  Boix A  von Holst C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7495-7501

The commercialization of animal feeds infected by prions proved to be the main cause of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Therefore, feed bans were enforced, initially for ruminant feeds, and later for all feeds for farmed animals. The development and validation of analytical methods for the species-specific detection of animal proteins in animal feed has been indicated in the TSE (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies) Roadmap (European Commission. The TSE (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy) roadmap. URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/food/biosafety/bse/roadmap_en.pdf, 2005) as the main condition for lifting the extended feed ban. Methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seem to be a promising solution for this aim. The main objective of this study was to determine the applicability of four different real-time PCR methods, developed by three National expert laboratories from the European Union (EU), for the detection and identification of cattle or ruminant species in typical compound feeds, fortified with meat and bone meals (MBM) from different animal species at different concentration levels. The MBM samples utilized in this study have been treated using the sterilization condition mandatory within the European Union (steam pressure sterilization at 133 degrees C, 3 bar, and 20 min), which is an additional challenge to the PCR methods evaluated in this study. The results indicate that the three labs applying their PCR methods were able to detect 0.1% of cattle MBM, either alone or in mixtures with different materials such as fishmeal, which demonstrates the improvement made by this technique, especially when compared with results from former interlaboratory studies.  相似文献   

Innate immune response to a H3N2 subtype swine influenza virus in newborn porcine trachea cells,alveolar macrophages,and precision-cut lung slices     

Mario Delgado-Ortega  Sandrine Melo  Darsaniya Punyadarsaniya  Christelle Ramé  Michel Olivier  Denis Soubieux  Daniel Marc  Ga?lle Simon  Georg Herrler  Mustapha Berri  Jo?lle Dupont  Fran?ois Meurens 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):42

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Vespa velutina: a new invasive predator of honeybees in Europe     

Karine Monceau  Olivier Bonnard  Denis Thiéry 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(1):1-16

The yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina) is the first invasive Vespidae predator of honeybees to be accidentally introduced into Europe from Asia. In the current pollinator decline, V. velutina is an additional stressor for honeybees and other pollinators. Although V. velutina contributes to the loss of honeybee colonies, little is known about its biology and behaviour both in the native and in the invaded area. Here, we review the current knowledge of this species and describe its life cycle and life history traits (reproduction, overwintering, foraging and dispersal) in the light of the biology of other Vespidae. We also review the impact of this species on ecosystems, on the economics of beekeeping, and on human health (this species being potentially deadly for allergic people). Based on this information and on previous worldwide experiences with Vespidae invasions, we propose key research topics for the development of effective management plans. We identify methods to limit the impact and proliferation of V. velutina in Europe that are based on nest destruction, trapping, population genetics, and biological control. In our opinion, research effort on the means to detect and destroy V. velutina nests at an early stage is required in order to short-circuit the colony cycle and thus limit both its impact on honeybees and its expansion through Europe. Finally, we discuss the impact of this biological invasion on the development of methods that should be used to manage alien species in the future.  相似文献   

Ingestion of a ciliated protozoa by first-feeding larval stage of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone)     

Naoki Nagano  & Olivier Decamp 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(5):516-518

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Effect of salinity on natural community and production of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone), within experimental zero-water exchange culture systems     

Olivier Decamp  Jeff Cody  Lytha Conquest  Gary Delanoy  & Albert G J Tacon 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(4):345-355

Recent efforts have been made to culture marine shrimp in systems operating under low or zero‐water exchange and with decreased water salinity. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various salinity levels on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the natural community and, more particularly, ciliated protozoa, and compare this information with shrimp growth and survival. Tanks with 9‰ salinity were characterized by a higher pH, but also by a significantly higher concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) per weight of suspended matter (1.93 ± 0.72 µg Chl a/mg TSS) than tanks with 18‰ (1.29 ± 0.68 µg Chl a/mg TSS) or 36‰ (1.37 ± 0.61 µg Chl a/mg TSS) salinity. Concentrations of ciliates (max 6000 cells mL^?1) showed considerable fluctuations over the sampling period, reflecting the impact of water salinity, dynamic interactions between ciliates and their diverse roles within the shrimp production system. There was no significant difference between survival rates of shrimp reared at 9‰, 18‰ or 36‰, but decreasing salinity from 36‰ to 9‰ led to a significant decrease in final shrimp body weight (from 13.40 ± 0.26 g to 10.23 ± 2.72 g). Future work should address the potential of ciliates as an indicator of aquaculture water quality, as is currently being done in the wastewater industry, and the contribution of ciliates as food sources.  相似文献   

Protozoans and Meiofauna Inhabiting a Bead Filter: A Preliminary Investigation of Their Role as Potential Bioindicators of Shrimp Production System Health     

Olivier E.  Decamp  Clete A.  Otoshi  Shaun M.  Moss 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2006,37(4):481-489

Abstract.— Protozoans are used as bioindicators of system health in wastewater treatment plants. The objective of this study was to determine if protozoans or meiofauna could be useful bioindicators of shrimp production system health. Specifically, we noted the relative abundance of protozoans and meiofauna inhabiting a propeller-washed bead filter (PBF) used in a recirculating aquaculture system for intensive shrimp production during a 12-wk grow-out trial. Based on microscopic analysis of PBF backwash, results indicate that (1) the presence of nematodes and rotifers may reflect the age and/or organic loading of the filter; (2) feed quantity affects protozoan biomass, whereas feed quality impacts the nutritional group of protozoans that survive; (3) free-living amoeba typically are surface associated in their active feeding state and were present in most PBF samples; and (4) ciliates likely play an important ecological role in PBF used in intensive shrimp culture.  相似文献   

A general framework for the quantification and valuation of ecosystem services of tree-based intercropping systems     

Mahbubul Alam  Alain Olivier  Alain Paquette  Jérôme Dupras  Jean-Pierre Revéret  Christian Messier 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(4):679-691

This study provides the first complete framework for the valuation of ecosystem services of agroforestry and uses a tree-based intercropping (TBI) system in southern Québec, Canada, as a case study. Ten ecosystem services were estimated, all of which were of interest and directly applicable to most agricultural systems worldwide: nutrient mineralization, water quality, soil quality, pollination, biological control, air quality, windbreak, timber provisioning, agriculture provisioning, and climate regulation. A mix of mathematical models for the quantification and economic valuation of various ecosystem services were used. The results revealed a total annual margin of $2,645 ha^?1 y^?1 (averaged over 40 years). The economic value of combined non-market services was $1,634 ha^?1 y^?1, which was higher than the value of marketable products (i.e. timber and agricultural products). An analysis of the present value suggested that agricultural products ranked highest among the ecosystem services taken singularly, followed by water quality, air quality, climate regulation, and soil quality maintenance. Total economic value of all ecosystem services for the rotation period was $54,782 ha^?1, only one third of which was contributed by agricultural products. Although the total value of the ecosystem services provided by TBI was high, farmers only benefited from agricultural and timber products. Thus, government incentives are needed to interest farmers in adopting practices that benefit society as a whole.  相似文献   

Using ecological trajectories to track long-term taxonomic and functional changes in benthic shallow soft-bottom communities (Bay of Saint-Brieuc,English Channel)     

Anthony Sturbois  Gaëtan Cormy  Alexandre Le Moal  Gauthier Schaal  Caroline Broudin  Eric Thiébaut  Alain Ponsero  Patrick Le Mao  Auriane Jones  Pascal Riera  Olivier Gauthier  Nicolas Desroy 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(11):3013-3033

1. Taxonomic and functional trajectories of benthic assemblages were studied in shallow soft-bottom sediments in the bay of Saint-Brieuc (Western English Channel). Changes were assessed at different spatial and temporal scales using a macrobenthic dataset based on 38 stations sampled in 1987 and 2019, coupled with data from one station sampled annually between 2005 and 2019 as part of the European Water Framework Directive monitoring programme.
2. Taxonomic trajectories indicated 1) changes in the structure and distribution of benthic assemblages, 2) an homogenization of the assemblages, and 3) significant functional shifts.
3. Fishing activities and nutrient enrichment are probably strong drivers of the observed changes, as suggested by the higher mortality rate of fragile, flexible, tubiculous and burrowing species, and the increase in the abundance of opportunistic species in the assemblages. Certain populations of macroinvertebrates seem jointly controlled by climate change and by the aforementioned local factors of disturbance.
4. The Community Trajectory Analysis framework appears as a new and interesting method to track ecological changes in marine ecosystems by measuring change with respect to a baseline state, to help define ecological recovery (station returning to the initial ecological state) and departure (station presenting increased changes over time), and to analyse trajectory similarity.
5. According to the degradation of habitat over time, we identify the need for the implementation of knowledge-based conservation strategies, especially within Natura 2000 sites.

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Challenging conservation of migratory species: Sahelian rainfalls drive first-year survival of the vulnerable Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni     

Jean-Baptiste Mihoub  Olivier Gimenez  François Sarrazin 《Biological conservation》2010,143(4):839-847

In the context of attested global changes, accurate estimation of whether climatic fluctuations impact on population demographic parameters is needed for adequate management, especially for migratory species. We present a capture-recapture analysis linking survival rates of the vulnerable Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) to annual rainfalls in the Sahel region, considered as a proxy of climatic conditions on wintering grounds. Recapture data were obtained from field observations of individuals ringed and sexed as juveniles over a 14-year monitoring period (1994-2007). We addressed a common but problematic situation in birds where: (i) sex is known with certainty for first-summer or older birds but only suspected for juveniles, and (ii) a large proportion of individuals never return to the study population (e.g. transient behavior). Transient behavior and unknown sexes were explicitly integrated considering a two age class in a multistate capture-recapture model. Survival was time-varying for juveniles (geometric mean: 0.499 ± 0.021) but constant - and higher - for adults (0.718 ± 0.013). Yearling survival probabilities were strongly correlated with rainfalls in the Sahel, suggesting a high dependence of juvenile upon the wintering conditions. While taking sex uncertainty into account, we detected no sex-dependence in survival. Incorporating the sensitivity of survival of wintering migratory birds to climatic variables such as precipitations in arid Sahelian ecosystem may allow to model conservation scenarios with a greater realism. Finally, we encourage the development of international management strategies for migratory species on wintering areas in addition to the existing conservation actions on summering Mediterranean grounds.  相似文献   

RADIOLOGY CORNER CANINE MYELOGRAPHY     

Olivier  Taeymans  DVM  Jimmy H.  Saunders  DVM  Henri  van Bree  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(6):550-551

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