First report of crown gall of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Turkey     

Y. Aysan  F. Sahin  M. Mirik  M. F. Donmez  H. Tekman 《Plant pathology》2003,52(6):793-793

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Prevalence of tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter in organic broilers during a production cycle     

Luangtongkum T  Morishita TY  Martin L  Choi I  Sahin O  Zhang Q 《Avian diseases》2008,52(3):487-490

Tetracycline (tet) resistance in Campylobacter isolated from organically raised broilers was investigated in this study. Two hundred forty-five samples from an organic broiler farm were collected weekly from the first week to the end of the production cycle, and they were cultured for thermophilic Campylobacter. Tetracycline resistance of these Campylobacter isolates was identified by the agar dilution method, whereas DNA fingerprinting profiles of tet-susceptible and tet-resistant strains were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). None of the Campylobacter isolates from the third and the fourth week of the production period were resistant to tetracycline, whereas 66.7% of the isolates from the fifth week were resistant to this antibiotic. Although the prevalence of tetracycline resistance reached 100.0% during the sixth and seventh week, less than 34.0% of the isolates from the 10th week were resistant to this antimicrobial agent. In addition, only 13.8% of Campylobacter isolates from the intestinal tracts of these organically raised broilers were resistant to tetracycline. The presence of the tet(O) gene was detected in 98.9% of tet-resistant Campylobacter isolates, and tet-susceptible and tet-resistant Campylobacter strains showed distinct PFGE genotypes. The results suggest that the Campylobacter strains isolated from the early stage of the production were susceptible to tetracycline, but they were subsequently displaced by tet-resistant Campylobacter.  相似文献   

A simple way to reduce heat stress in laying hens as judged by egg laying, body weight gain and biochemical parameters   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sahin K  Küçük O 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2001,49(4):421-430

This study was designed to test the effects of feed withdrawal and darkening on the performance, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and some blood serum metabolite and mineral concentrations of laying hens reared at high ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 degrees C. Ninety, 16-week-old hens (Ross Brown) were divided into 3 groups, 30 hens each. The first group was used as control. Hens in the second group (feed withdrawal) were subjected to feed removal from 14:00 to 18:00, and hens in the third group (darkening) were subjected to light restriction from 14:00 to 18:00 using black curtains. Liveweight, feed intake, and egg production were higher (P < 0.01) in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups, particularly in the darkening group, than in the control. Water intake was higher in the control group compared with the feed withdrawal and darkening groups (P < 0.01). T3, T4, and TSH concentrations in the serum were higher (P < 0.01), whereas ACTH serum concentration was lower (P < 0.01) in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups compared with the control. The haematocrit was higher in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups compared with the control (P < 0.01). Darkening and feed withdrawal treatments increased serum glucose, urea-N, uric acid, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, Ca, P, Na, and K concentrations, also the activities of amylase and alkaline phosphatase, but did not influence the activities of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The present study found that feed withdrawal and darkening, particularly darkening, at high temperatures during the summer months offer a good management practice to reduce heat stress related depression in feed intake and egg production in laying hens.  相似文献   

Variations in mineral element concentrations of poultry manure biochar obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures,and their effects on crop growth and mineral nutrition          下载免费PDF全文

A. Gunes  A. Inal  O. Sahin  M. B. Taskin  O. Atakol  N. Yilmaz 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(4):429-437

The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the nutritional quality of agricultural biochar is unclear, so better understanding of its properties and how it affects soil nutrient availability and plant growth is needed. Biochars obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures (250, 300, 350 and 400 °C) were characterized by thermogravimetric analyser and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biochars were applied at a rate of 10 g/kg to find out their effects on the mineral nutrition and growth of lettuce. The experimental results suggested that high biochar temperatures caused oxidation of the mineral elements, breaking of C–C and C–H bonds and removal of aliphatic and peptide groups from the pyrolysed materials. The total concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and boron (B) were increased by increasing pyrolysis temperatures, although water‐soluble concentrations of those elements were greatly reduced (with the exception of K and B). Compared to the control, dry weights of lettuce and maize crops were significantly increased by the biochar treatments obtained at 300 and 350 °C. Biochar treatments significantly increased the P and K concentrations of both plants compared to the control, while concentrations of Ca and Mg in lettuce plants were decreased. Iron, Mn and B concentration of the lettuce plants were reduced and Zn concentration of maize increased by the biochar treatments. It was concluded that in terms of an agricultural product, biochars produced at low temperature are better.  相似文献   

Soil quality index for paddy fields based on standard scoring functions and weight allocation method     

Orhan Dengiz 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2020,66(3):301-315

ABSTRACT

Rice ecosystems are currently impacted by numerous issues resulting in reduced returns from rice production. In order to sustainably increase rice yields, it is important to understand the soil quality of paddy fields. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of soil of the Çar?amba Deltaic Plain in Turkey for rice cultivation. For that purpose, the integrated Soil Quality Index (SQI) model, which is based on standard scoring functions and the weight assignment approach, was used. A total of 14 soil quality parameters, based on the key predictor variables for determining rice yield, were included in the SQI model by grouping them within three indicator classes, namely physical, chemical and nutrient element content. Soil samples were collected from 160 grid points in total in the study area which had been divided into 600 m × 600 m grid squares. Very high-quality soil was not detected in the study area. However, 36.1% of the soil was classified as high quality whereas 23.2% of the total area had low and very low soil quality for rice cultivation. The SQI model provides comprehensive guidance for land allocation for the cultivation of rice and potentially for other crops.  相似文献   

Changes in Acetoclastic Methanogenic Activity and Microbial Composition in an Upflow Anaerobic Filter     

Ince  Bahar K.  Ince  Orhan  Ayman Oz  Nilgün 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,144(1-4):301-315

Changes in the acetoclastic methanogenic activity in the effluentfrom an upflow anaerobic filter (UFAF) were studied throughout a 36 week operating period. The UFAF formed the second phase of a two-phase laboratory-scale anaerobic treatment system. TheSpecific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) test was used to measurethe acetoclastic methanogenic activity of the biomass washed outfrom the UFAF. Throughout the operating period, the SMA testswere carried out at different organic loading rates (OLR) up to6.7 kg COD m^-3 d^-1 and upflow velocities (UV), 5 m d^-1 and 15 m d^-1. The results showed that thebiomass washed out from the UFAF consisted of up to 55%(considered as a draft value) acetoclastic methanogens producing550 mI CH₄ g^-1 VSS d^-1. This high acetoclasticmethanogenic activity measured in the effluent might have beendue to the existence of Methanosaeta (formerly Methanothrix) species. Towards the end of operation,Epifluorescence Microscopic examinations in the effluent revealedthat Methanococcus species were the most dominant groupfollowed by medium rods and short rods, filaments and long rodsand the least dominant Methanosarcina species. Theperformance of the UFAF was not adversely affected by the loss ofthe active biomass and changes in their composition. The UFAFsystem achieved over 85% COD removal efficiency at thehighest OLR of 6.7 kg COD m^-3 d^-1 and UV of 15 m d^-1. Throughout most of the operation, methane yield rangedfrom 0.28–035 m³ CH₄ kg^-1 COD_removed.  相似文献   

Yield response of wheat and barley to inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at various levels of nitrogen fertilization     

Ali Ozturk  Ozcan Caglar  Fikrettin Sahin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(2):262-266

The yield response of a wheat (Kirik) and a barley (Tokak 157/37) cultivar to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense Sp246 and Bacillus sp. OSU‐142 was studied in relation to three levels of N fertilization (0, 40, and 80 kg ha^–1) under field conditions in Erzurum, Turkey, in 1999 and 2000. Seed inoculation with A. brasilense Sp246 significantly affected yield and yield components, both in wheat and barley. On average of years and N doses, inoculation with A. brasilense Sp246 increased spike number per m², grain number per spike, grain yield, and crude protein content by 7.2, 5.9, 14.7, and 4.1 % in wheat and by 6.6, 8.1, 17.5, and 5.1 % in barley, respectively, as compared to control. Inoculation with Bacillus sp. OSU‐142 significantly increased kernel number per spike in wheat, but no significant effect was determined in the other characteristics. Grain yields and yield components were also higher at all levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the inoculated plots as compared to the control. However, these increases diminished at high fertilizer levels. These results suggest that application of the growth promoting bacteria A. brasilense Sp246 may have the potential to be used as a biofertilizer for spring wheat and barley cultivation in organic and low‐N input agriculture.  相似文献   

Immunochemical screening and liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric confirmation of drug residues in edible tissues of calves injected with a therapeutic dose of the synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and flumethasone     

Van Den Hauwe O  Schneider M  Sahin A  Van Peteghem CH  Naegeli H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):326-330

A field study was performed to assess the drug residue level in edible tissues after a therapeutic application of the synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and flumethasone. Three diseased calves were injected intramuscularly with a commercial batch of dexamethasone esters and slaughtered 72 h after treatment. Another three calves were injected intramuscularly with an aqueous flumethasone preparation and slaughtered 24 h later. Residues of synthetic glucocorticoids in liver, muscle, kidney, and urine were assessed by competitive enzyme immunoassay. All dexamethasone concentrations exceeded the maximal residue level of 0.75 microg/kg in muscle and kidney and 2 microg/kg in the liver. The presence of both dexamethasone and flumethasone in the liver was confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These results indicate that liver tissue provides a suitable matrix to monitor the presence of illegal residues of synthetic glucocorticoids in slaughtered animals.  相似文献   

Effects of starvation and re-alimentation periods on growth performance and hyperphagic response of Sparus aurata     

Eroldo&#;an Orhan Tufan  Kumlu Metin  & Sezer Bar&#;&#; 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(5):535-537

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Effects of consecutive applications of gypsum in equal,increasing, and decreasing quantities on soil hydraulic conductivity of a saline‐sodic soil     

Ustun Sahin  Taskin Oztas  Omer Anapali 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(5):621-624

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of consecutive application of gypsum dissolved in leaching water on hydraulic conductivity of a saline‐sodic soil. Drainage type plastic columns with a 10 cm diameter were used in this laboratory experiment. Soil depth within columns was 30 cm with an average bulk density of 1.38 g cm^–3. Leaching water was applied in six equal portions. Total gypsum was applied at 1, 3, and 5 portions after dissolving in leaching water. In dissolution, equal (1.273 + 1.273 + 1.273 Mg ha^–1), increasing (0.637 + 1.273 + 1.910 Mg ha^–1) and decreasing (1.910 + 1.273 + 0.637 Mg ha^–1) quantities of gypsum were used. Results were compared with the control treatment, in which total amount of gypsum were mixed with surface layer of soil column before leaching. Hydraulic conductivity of soil increased in all treatments. The maximum hydraulic conductivity value was obtained at consecutive application of gypsum at decreasing quantities.  相似文献