The chemical nature of the green fraction of P type humic acid     

Osamu Sato  Kyoichi Kumada 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):121-122

P type humic acid has absorption bands near 615, 570 and 450mµ in the visible region, and is a common component of many soils in north temperate regions (1, 2, 3). Its unusual spectral characteristics are due to a green fraction (Pg), which can be separated from the humic acid dissolved in aqueous alkali by chromatography on Sephadex or cellulose powder, and is precipitated as a reddish-brown substance on acidification (2). In aqueous alkali, it has λmax at 613, 568, 448, 430 (infl.) and 281mµ. The distribution of Pg in different soils is probably related to the presence of fungal sclerotia. The highest content of Pg in p type humic acid is about 10%. We have now obtained evidence that the characteristic colour of Pg is due to the presence of a derivative of 4,9 - dihydroxyperylene - 3,10 - quinone.  相似文献   

Amino acid metabolism in plant leaf     

Osamu Ito  Kikuo Kumazawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):365-372

¹⁴C-labelled sodium bicarbonate and ¹⁵N-labelled ammonium sulfate were simultaneously vacuum-infiltrated into detached sunflower leaves, and the incorporation of ¹⁴C and ¹⁵N into free amino acids was chased during 60-min period in the light and in the dark.

In the light, the ue specific activity of aspartic acid, alanine, serine and glycine rapidly increased for 5 min and thereafter decreased. On the other hand, that of gultamic acid continued to increase slowly during the entire 60-min period. In the dark, aspartic acid most actively incorporated ¹⁴C. The difference of changes in ¹⁴C specific activity between glutamic acid and other amino acids was also observed in the dark as in the light. These results suggest that the carbon skeleton of glutamic acid is synthesized from aspartic acid, alanine, serine and glycine.

¹⁵N content of glutamine was the highest of all amino acids investigated in the light, and it was followed by glutamic acid. alanine, aspartic acid, serine and glycine, in this order. In the dark, ¹⁵N content of glutamic acid fell remarkably and was lower than that of alanine up to 5 min. From these ¹⁵N tracer experiments, it is suggested that the incorporation of ammonium into glutamic acid is strictly dependent on light and that alanine incorporates ammonium by the direct amination besides the transamination from glutamic acid.  相似文献   

The chemical nature of components of PG (Green fraction of P type humic acid)     

Osamu Sato 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):485-488

P type humic acids showing characteristic absorption maxima at 615, 575, and 450 nm have been found in various types of soils around the world (3, 5, 7,8). P type humic acid was fractionated into a brown fraction (Pb) and a green fraction (Pg) by column chromatography using cellulose powder (4) or Sephadex gel (3). The Pg fraction which has a strong absorption maxima at 615, 575, and 450 nm causes the characteristic absorption pattern of P type humic acid.  相似文献   

An outbreak of rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) caused by Lagovirus europaeus GI.2/rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) in Ehime, Japan     

Akiho KATAYAMA  Ayako MIYAZAKI  Naohito OKAZAKI  Teruko NAKAYAMA  Osamu MIKAMI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):931

A total of ten 1–2-year-old rabbits died within 2 weeks at a facility in Ehime prefecture in May 2019. Necropsy revealed liver discoloration and fragility, hemorrhage of some organs and blood coagulation failure. On histopathologic examination, necrotizing hepatitis was a common finding, together with fibrin thrombi in the small vessels and hemorrhage in some organs. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus gene was detected in liver samples, and viral particles of approximately 32 nm in diameter were found in the cytoplasm of degenerated hepatocytes by electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial VP60 gene sequence classified it as Lagovirus europaeus GI.2/RHDV2. This is the first confirmed outbreak of RHD caused by globally emerging GI.2/RHDV2 in Japan.  相似文献   

Tetrodotoxin--distribution and accumulation in aquatic organisms, and cases of human intoxication          下载免费PDF全文

Noguchi T  Arakawa O 《Marine drugs》2008,6(2):220-242

Many pufferfish of the family Tetraodontidae possess a potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin (TTX). In marine pufferfish species, toxicity is generally high in the liver and ovary, whereas in brackish water and freshwater species, toxicity is higher in the skin. In 1964, the toxin of the California newt was identified as TTX as well, and since then TTX has been detected in a variety of other organisms. TTX is produced primarily by marine bacteria, and pufferfish accumulate TTX via the food chain that begins with these bacteria. Consequently, pufferfish become non-toxic when they are fed TTX-free diets in an environment in which the invasion of TTX-bearing organisms is completely shut off. Although some researchers claim that the TTX of amphibians is endogenous, we believe that it also has an exogenous origin, i.e., from organisms consumed as food. TTX-bearing animals are equipped with a high tolerance to TTX, and thus retain or accumulate TTX possibly as a biologic defense substance. There have been many cases of human intoxication due to the ingestion of TTX-bearing pufferfish, mainly in Japan, China, and Taiwan, and several victims have died. Several cases of TTX intoxication due to the ingestion of small gastropods, including some lethal cases, were recently reported in China and Taiwan, revealing a serious public health issue.  相似文献   

GM1 gangliosidosis in a Japanese domestic cat: a new variant identified in Hokkaido,Japan     

Hiroshi UENO  Osamu YAMATO  Takeshi SUGIURA  Moeko KOHYAMA  Akira YABUKI  Kenjiro MIYOSHI  Kazuya MATSUDA  Tsuyoshi UCHIDE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):91-95

A male Japanese domestic cat with retarded growth in Hokkaido, Japan, showed progressive motor dysfunction, such as ataxia starting at 3 months of age and tremors, visual disorder and seizure after 4 months of age. Finally, the cat died of neurological deterioration at 9 months of age. Approximately half of the peripheral blood lymphocytes had multiple abnormal vacuoles. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bisymmetrical hyperintensity in the white matter of the parietal and occipital lobes in the forebrain on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, and mild encephalatrophy of the olfactory bulbs and temporal lobes. The activity of lysosomal acid β-galactosidase in leukocytes was negligible, resulting in the biochemical diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis. Histologically, swollen neurons characterized by accumulation of pale, slightly granular cytoplasmic materials were observed throughout the central nervous system. Dysmyelination or demyelination and gemistocytic astrocytosis were observed in the white matter. Ultrastructually, membranous cytoplasmic bodies were detected in the lysosomes of neurons. However, genetic analysis did not identify the c.1448G>C mutation, which is the single known mutation of feline GM1 gangliosidosis, suggesting that the cat was affected with a new variant of the feline disease.  相似文献   

Comparison of consumption of bluegill by Far Eastern catfish and largemouth bass     

Osamu  KATANO  Tomoyuki  NAKAMURA  Shoichiro  YAMAMOTO 《Fisheries Science》2003,69(5):989-994

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Cell wall degradation of tropical and temperate forage grasses measured by nylon bag and in vitro digestion techniques     

Natsuki KASUYA  Qin XU  Yoshinao KOBAYASHI  Kiyoharu FUKUDA  Osamu ENISHI  Kenji IIYAMA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(2):200-209

Four tropical and four temperate grasses were subjected to nylon bag fiber degradation study with fistulated Holstein cattle as well as in vitro digestion with broad spectrum cellulase, and the degradability of cell wall carbohydrate and lignin for the respective forage grasses were determined. The degradability of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber for the same plant materials appeared to be similar, but that of acid detergent lignin was constantly lower. As for the plant materials used in the present study, Italian ryegrass, orchardgrass and guineagrass showed high degradability of fibers in nylon bag incubation, while setaria, cogongrass and wheat showed smaller degradability. In both nylon bag incubation and in vitro digestion experiments, the forage samples showing relatively lower degradability exhibited notably lower disappearance of xylose than that of glucose or arabinose. It was also observed that dry matter degradability correlated negatively with the initial content of esterified and/or etherified p‐coumaric acid. These results were assumed to be caused by the difference in resistance towards rumen microbial degradation due to the concentration of lignin‐carbohydrate complex.  相似文献   

Comparison of carcass and meat characteristics of Brahman grade cattle (Bos indicus) and crossbred water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) fed on high roughage diet     

Rosalina M. LAPITAN  Arnel N. DEL BARRIO  Osamu KATSUBE  Tomomi BAN-TOKUDA  Edgar A. ORDEN  Alberto Y. ROBLES  Libertado C. CRUZ  Yukio KANAI  Tsutomu FUJIHARA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(2):210-217

The objective of this study was to compare the carcass and meat quality in crossbred cattle and crossbred water buffalo at the same younger age and fed with high roughage in the Philippines. Ten crossbred cattle and 10 crossbred water buffalo, with an average age of 22 months (18–24 months) were used in this experiment. The animals were fed a similar diet, which consisted of 85% Napier or Para grass and 15% concentrate mixture on a dry matter basis, for 180 days before slaughter. Slaughter weight of the crossbred water buffalo was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the cattle, although the dressing percentage was significantly (P < 0.01) lower for the former than for the latter. The estimated lean yield was higher (P < 0.05) in crossbred cattle than crossbred water buffalo. The muscle fiber diameter of loin in buffalo meat was smaller (P < 0.05) than that in cattle. In regard to carcass and meat quality, the crossbred water buffalo was comparable or slightly superior to the crossbred cattle in tenderness, sensory score of color (P < 0.01) and flavor (P < 0.05). These results clearly indicate that at a younger age and even under high roughage‐based fattening rations, crossbred water buffalo are able to produce good quality meat, which will be by no means inferior to that of crossbred cattle in the Philippines.  相似文献   

Growth of Glucose-uptake-deficient Mutant of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Rice Leaves     

Seiji TSUGE  Mami NISHIDA  Ayako FURUTANI  Yasuyuki KUBO  Osamu HORINO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(2):144-147

We isolated Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae mutants deficient in the phosphoenolpyruvate : carbohydrate phos-photransferase system, a major glucose transport system in bacteria, using the glucose analogue 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-d-glucose (3FG). Glucose uptake by the mutants was decreased to 15–35% of the parental strain, and growth greatly decreased in synthetic media containing glucose as a sole sugar source. Growth of the mutants in rice leaves was, however, similar to the wild type. These findings suggest that glucose is not necessarily a major carbohydrate source for X. o. pv. oryzae in rice leaves. Received 11 August 2000/ Accepted in revised form 15 December 2000  相似文献