Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in warmblood horses with heart valve regurgitations     

Heidrun Gehlen PD  Dr Med Vet  Dipl ECEIM  Till Sundermann Dr Med Vet  Karl Rohn Dr Med Vet  Peter Stadler Prof  Dr Med Vet 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2007,9(2):99-101

ObjectivesThis study measured plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration in horses with heart valve regurgitations (HVR) with and without atrial and ventricular dilatation.BackgroundIn humans and small animals, plasma ANP concentration is increased in heart disease and correlates with the severity of clinical signs and heart enlargement.Animals, materials and methodsTen healthy horses (control) and 36 horses with HVR were evaluated by auscultation, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and determination of plasma ANP.ResultsControl horses demonstrated mean plasma ANP concentration of 21 ± 5.4 pg/mL. Of the 36 horses with HVR, 17 horses possessed normal echocardiographic heart size (group 1), 10 horses had a left atrial dilatation (group 2) and 9 horses had both left atrial and ventricular dilatation (group 3). Mean plasma ANP concentration of groups 1, 2 and 3 was 20.1 ± 5.6 pg/mL, 22.9 ± 11.0 pg/mL and 27.6 ± 17.4 pg/mL, respectively. The plasma ANP concentrations of HVR and control horses were not significantly different. The highest ANP concentrations were observed in horses with atrial and ventricular dilatation. No correlation between left atrial or ventricular size, weight, or sex and the plasma ANP concentration was found.ConclusionsNo significant differences in plasma ANP concentration was observed between groups. Further study, especially in horses with clinical signs of heart failure is needed.  相似文献   

Relation between Soil Health, Wave-like Fluctuations in Microbial Populations, and Soil-borne Plant Disease Management     

Ariena H. C. van Bruggen  Alexander M. Semenov  Anne D. van Diepeningen  Oscar J. de Vos  Wim J. Blok 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(1):105-122

A healthy soil is often defined as a stable soil system with high levels of biological diversity and activity, internal nutrient cycling, and resilience to disturbance. This implies that microbial fluctuations after a disturbance would dampen more quickly in a healthy than in a chronically damaged and biologically impoverished soil. Soil could be disturbed by various processes, for example addition of a nutrient source, tillage, or drying-rewetting. As a result of any disturbance, the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria and of individual species start to oscillate, both in time and space. The oscillations appear as moving waves along the path of a moving nutrient source such as a root tip. The phase and period for different trophic groups and species of bacteria may be shifted indicating that succession occurs. DGGE, Biolog and FAME analysis of subsequent populations in oscillation have confirmed that there is a cyclic succession in microbial communities. Microbial diversity oscillates in opposite direction from oscillations in microbial populations. In a healthy soil, the amplitudes of these oscillations will be small, but the background levels of microbial diversity and activity are high, so that soil-borne diseases will face more competitors and antagonists. However, soil-borne pathogens and antagonists alike will fluctuate in time and space as a result of growing plant roots and other disturbances, and the periods and phases of the oscillations may vary. As a consequence, biological control by members of a single trophic group or species may never be complete, as pathogens will encounter varying populations of the biocontrol agent on the root surface. A mixture of different trophic groups may provide more complete biological control because peaks of different trophic groups occur at subsequent locations along a root. Alternatively, regular addition of soil organic matter may increase background levels of microbial activity, increase nutrient cycling, lower the concentrations of easily available nutrient sources, increase microbial diversity, and enhance natural disease suppression.  相似文献   

Assessment of real-time PCR as a method for determining the presence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verticillium dahliae</Emphasis> in different Solanaceae cultivars     

Carmen Gayoso  Oscar Martínez de Ilárduya  Federico Pomar  Fuencisla Merino de Cáceres 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):199-209

Real-time PCR was used to detect and quantify Verticillium dahliae and to assess the susceptibility of four Capsicum annuum cultivars (Luesia, Padrón, SCM331 and PI201234) and the Capsicum chinense cv. C118 to this pathogen. The symptoms which developed after infection included stunting and yellowing, and were more acute in the cv. SCM331, which also suffered defoliation in later stages of the disease and in C118, which suffered severe stunting. Quantification of the pathogen DNA in roots 23 and 34 days post-inoculation (dpi) revealed that there were significantly higher amounts of Verticillium dahliae DNA in C118 than in the other cultivars, followed by SCM331, Padrón and PI201234. The lowest amounts of fungal DNA in roots were found in Luesia. In hypocotyls, the highest amounts of fungal DNA were found in SCM331, while Luesia, Padrón and PI201234 had much lower amounts, and C118 had intermediate levels. When a compatible versus an incompatible system was studied, using the near-isogenic tomato lines LA3030 (susceptible) and LA3038 (resistant to V. dahliae), we were able to detect fungal DNA in both lines. As expected, the fungus/plant DNA ratio was lower in LA3038 than in LA3030 and it decreased with time in LA3038. The amount of Verticillium dahliae DNA in the roots of LA3030 remained constant between days 23 and 34 post-inoculation, but increased 10-fold in collars. Finally, when real-time PCR was applied as a diagnostic method to samples from pepper plants, soil and water collected from farms in northwest Spain, we were able to detect V. dahliae DNA in these samples even when symptoms of the disease were not evident.  相似文献   

Potato brown rot incidence and severity under different management and amendment regimes in different soil types     

Nevain A. S. Messiha  Ariena H. C. van Bruggen  Anne D. van Diepeningen  Oscar J. de Vos  Aad J. Termorshuizen  N. N. A. Tjou-Tam-Sin  J. D. Janse 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):367-381

Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt), is an economically important disease in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. In view of previous reports on suppression of the disease by organic amendments, and the expansion of organic agriculture, it was timely to compare the effects of organic and conventional management and various amendments on brown rot development in different soils (type: sand or clay; origin: Egypt or the Netherlands). Brown rot infection was only slightly reduced in organically compared to conventionally managed sandy soils from Egypt, but organic management significantly increased disease incidence and pathogen survival in Dutch sandy and clay soils, which correlated with high DOC contents in the organic Dutch soils. There was no correlation between disease incidence or severity and bacterial diversity in the potato rhizosphere in differently managed soils (as determined by 16S DGGE). NPK fertilization reduced bacterial wilt in conventional Egyptian soils but not in Dutch soils. Cow manure amendment significantly reduced disease incidence in organic Dutch sandy soils, but did not affect the bacterial population. However, cow manure did reduce densities of R. solanacearum in Egyptian sandy soils, most probably by microbial competition as a clear shift in populations was detected with DGGE in these and Dutch sandy soils after manure amendment. Amendment with compost did not have a suppressive effect in any soil type. The absence of a disease suppressive effect of mineral and organic fertilization in Dutch clay soils may be related to the already high availability of inorganic and organic nutrients in these soils. This study shows that the mechanism of disease suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens may vary strongly according to the soil type, especially if quite different types of soil are used.  相似文献   

Zur Dynamik und Intensität des Abbaues einiger organischer Stoffe     

Karl Steinbrenner  Dietrich Grabert 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1-3):179-191

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Nonne und Vogelwelt     

Karl Haenel 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1933,55(14):473-477

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

W?lder und Waldwirtschaft in Bulgarien     

Karl Maximilian Müller 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1928,50(6):177-192

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Die Rotfäule     

Karl Maner 《European Journal of Forest Research》1919,41(5):185-195

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Professor Dr. Heinrich Weber     

Karl Abetz 《European Journal of Forest Research》1935,57(2):33-35

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Der Hagelschlag vom 27. Juli 1829 in den oberbayerischen Staatsforsten     

Karl Crug 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1928,50(20):687-694

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献