Apple peel polyphenols protect against gastrointestinal mucosa alterations induced by indomethacin in rats     

Carrasco-Pozo C  Speisky H  Brunser O  Pastene E  Gotteland M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(12):6459-6466

The stability of an apple peel polyphenol extract (APPE) with powerful antioxidant activity was evaluated under acidic conditions in vitro, and its protective effect against gastrointestinal damage was investigated in rats treated with indomethacin. The antioxidant activity of APPE remained stable at pH 2.0 for 4 h. In rats treated with indomethacin (40 mg/kg ig), the previous administration of APPE protected the gastric, intestinal, and colonic mucosa from oxidative stress by preventing increased malondialdehyde concentrations and decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio. APPE also displayed anti-inflammatory effects by preventing neutrophil infiltration in the mucosa, as evidenced by the lower myeloperoxidase activity. These protective effects of APPE resulted in the prevention of macro- and microscopic damage and of barrier dysfunction along the gastrointestinal tract of the indomethacin-treated animals. This study supports the concept that apple peel polyphenols may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated side effects.  相似文献   

Factors associated with childhood obesity in Spain. The OBICE study: a case-control study based on sentinel networks     

Zurriaga O  Pérez-Panadés J  Quiles Izquierdo J  Gil Costa M  Anes Y  Quiñones C  Margolles M  Lopez-Maside A  Vega-Alonso AT  Miralles Espí MT;Recent OBICE Research Group 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(6):1105-1113

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Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis in Maize Grown in a Calcareous Soil     

Rafael Magallanes-Quintanar  Ricardo David Valdez-Cepeda  Emilio Olivares-Sáenz  Oscar Pérez-Veyna  José Luis García-Hernández  José Dimas López-Martínez 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):2019-2033

ABSTRACT

Preliminary compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) norms for maize (Zea mays L.) were developed from a small database as means and standard deviations of row-centered log ratios V _X of five nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] and a filling value R, which comprised all nutrients not chemically analyzed and quantified in 72 leaves of hybrid ‘Pioneer 3044.’ Norms were derived from maize grain yields higher than 7.7 t ha^?1. Principal-component analysis performed using CND nutrient indexes allowed us to identify an antagonism between N and Mg explained by the calcareous nature of the soil and the relevant N fertilization with ammonium (NH₄ ⁺), and a positive interaction between P and K, and P-Ca and K-Ca antagonisms. Maize plants tended to take up lower amounts of N and K and higher amount of Mg in our calcareous soil than the concentrations of these nutrients reported to be optimum.  相似文献   

Growout of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Stocked into Production Ponds at Three Different Ages   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Oscar  Zelaya  David B.  Rouse  D. Allen  Davis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2007,38(1):92-101

This study was designed to determine the production characteristics of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, stocked into grow‐out ponds at three different sizes and ages. To meet this goal, three groups of postlarvae (PL) were obtained. The first group was placed in a nursery system for 21 d (N21), the second for 14 d (N14), and the third was stocked directly into ponds (DS). Shrimp from each nursery treatment (three tanks per treatment) were pooled and then subdivided for stocking into four replicate 0.1 ha ponds per treatment, another four ponds were stocked directly (DS) with PL₈. All 12 ponds were stocked on the same day at a density of approximately 35 PL/m², and cultured over a 16‐wk period and then drain harvested. After harvest, mean average weights (15.4, 16.9, and 14.9 g), survivals (63, 62, and 64%), FCRs (2.7, 2.5, and 2.7), and average yields (3592, 4005, and 3374 kg/ha) were determined for N21, N14, and DS, respectively. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed among treatments. Regardless of nursing time, nursed juveniles did not differ significantly in production characteristics from shrimp stocked directly from the hatchery.  相似文献   

Supra-canonical 26Al/27Al and the residence time of CAIs in the solar protoplanetary disk     

Young ED  Simon JI  Galy A  Russell SS  Tonui E  Lovera O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5719):223-227

The canonical initial 26Al/27Al ratio of 4.5 x 10(-5) has been a fiducial marker for the beginning of the solar system. Laser ablation and whole-rock multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma-source mass spectrometry magnesium isotope analyses of calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) from CV3 meteorites demonstrate that some CAIs had initial 26Al/27Al values at least 25% greater than canonical and that the canonical initial 26Al/27Al cannot mark the beginning of solar system formation. Using rates of Mg diffusion in minerals, we find that the canonical initial 26Al/27Al is instead the culmination of thousands of brief high-temperature events incurred by CAIs during a 10(5)-year residence time in the solar protoplanetary disk.  相似文献   

Feeding of yeast (Candida spp.) improves in vitro ruminal fermentation of ifbrous substrates     

Yoandra Marrero  Yamicela Castillo  Oscar Ruiz  Eduviges Burrola  Claudio Angulo 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2015,(3)

In vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) was used with the objective of determining the inclusion effect of live cel s of two strains of Candida yeast on in vitro ruminal fermentation of two ifbrous s...  相似文献   

Bread-making performances of durum wheat semolina,as affected by ageing     

Fabio Licciardello  Valeria Rizzo  Oscar Grillo  Gianfranco Venora  Giuseppe Muratore 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

The present study addresses the influence of ageing on the bread-making performances of durum wheat semolina by bread image analysis. Bread loaves were produced from semolina samples stored in 4 different packaging materials for up to 150 days. Sampling and bread-making trials were performed every 15 days. Results showed that ageing does affect durum wheat semolina bread-making performances, highlighting that storage time, rather than the type of packaging material, is the main factor determining quality changes in the final bread samples. In particular, a change in the crust colour parameters and a reduction of the bread slice area and height by 20–35% were observed with increasing semolina storage time, along with a slight increase of crust % area. The change in farinographic parameters of dough suggests that the observed reduction of technological quality might be due to increased stiffness and reduced extensibility of gluten occurring in aged semolina. Unlike common wheat flours, which usually improve their technological features during ageing, durum wheat semolina is negatively affected in its quality by storage. The study highlights the importance of considering bread-making performances among the quality parameters to be taken into account for the shelf life evaluation of durum wheat semolina.  相似文献   

Detection of reaginic antibodies against Faenia rectivirgula from the serum of horses affected with Recurrent Airway Obstruction by an in vitro bioassay     

Gabriel Morán  Hugo Folch  Oscar Araya  Rafael Burgos  Miguel Barria 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(8):719-726

Reaginic antibodies, mainly of the IgE and some IgG subclasses, play an important role in the induction of type I immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These antibodies bind through their Fc fragment to high affinity receptors (FcεRI) present in the membrane of mast cells and basophils. Previously, several studies have investigated the role of reaginic antibodies in the pathogenesis of RAO. However, whereas immunological aspects of RAO have been extensively studied, the precise sequence of events is still not well understood and role of IgE in this disease still remains controversial. Therefore, in this study a bioassay was developed for reaginic antibody determination in serum from RAO-affected horses in order to determine the etiology of disease. The technique involves measuring in vitro calcium mobilization in RBL-2H3 cells following incubation with horse serum from RAO-affected or unaffected horses and one of the RAO antigens (Faenia rectivirgula). Results demonstrated that 15% of samples from the RAO-affected horses reacted positively in this in vitro bioassay, whereas the samples from unaffected horses did not. This bioassay indicates that reaginic antibodies could be involved in the immunological mechanism leading to RAO; and this technique may facilitate future research in other allergic diseases in horses.  相似文献   

Key issues and challenges in whole wheat flour milling and storage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andres F. Doblado-Maldonado  Oscar A. Pike  Jess C. Sweley  Devin J. Rose 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

Whole wheat flour is increasingly popular as research continues to reveal the benefits of whole grains and the food industry offers more whole grain options for consumers. The purpose of this review is to address milling and shelf-life issues that are unique to whole wheat flour. No standard methods are available for whole wheat flour milling, resulting in very different bran particle sizes. Literature suggests that moderate bran particle size is the best for bread production, while small particle size is better for non-gluten applications. Shelf-life of whole wheat flour is shorter compared to white flour due to the presence of lipids and lipid-degrading enzymes. Lipolytic degradation leads to reduction in functionality, palatability and nutritional properties. Strategies to stabilize whole wheat flour have focused on controlling lipolytic enzyme activity and have marginally succeeded.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus persica</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">platycarpa</Emphasis> (Tabacchiera Peach): Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Pulp,Peel and Seed Ethanolic Extracts     

Monica R. Loizzo  Deborah Pacetti  Paolo Lucci  Oscar Núñez  Francesco Menichini  Natale Giuseppe Frega  Rosa Tundis 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2015,70(3):331-337

A comparative analysis of ethanol extracts from peel, pulp and seed of Prunus persica var. platycarpa (Tabacchiera peach) was done. The total phenol, flavonoid and carotenoid content as well as the antioxidant properties by using different in vitro assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, Fe-chelating, β-carotene bleaching test) were evaluated. Pulp extract was subjected to liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were identified as main constituents. Pulp extract was characterized by the highest total phytonutrients content and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in all in vitro assays (IC₅₀ values of 2.2 μg/mL after 60 min of incubation by using β-carotene bleaching test and 2.9 μg/mL by using Fe-chelating assay). Overall, the obtained results suggest that P. persica var. platycarpa displays a good antioxidant activity and its consumption could be promoted.  相似文献