Leeching as initial treatment in a cat with polycythaemia vera.     

C S Nett  P Arnold  T M Glaus 《The Journal of small animal practice》2001,42(11):554-556

Polycythaemia vera was diagnosed in a three-year-old domestic shorthaired cat referred because of seizures and a high packed cell volume (PCV). Laboratory examination revealed severe erythrocytosis (PCV 79 per cent). Diagnosis was reached by excluding causes for relative and secondary absolute polycythaemia. As phlebotomy proved impossible for initial treatment due to hyperviscosity, four leeches were used to suck blood and the PCV was consequently reduced to 64 per cent. A further 24 hours later, when bleeding at the sites of sucking had stopped, the PCV was 56 per cent. Long-term management of the condition was achieved with hydroxyurea (100 mg/cat once daily) and intermittent phlebotomy. Initial treatment using leeches in cases of polycythaemia vera is a simple, non-invasive, well tolerated and effective method where phlebotomy is not possible.  相似文献   

Effect of heterogeneous digesta chemical composition on the accuracy of measurements of fiber flow in dairy cows.     

S Ahvenj?rvi  B Skiba  P Huhtanen 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1611-1620

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of unrepresentative sampling of digesta particulate matter entering the omasal canal on the accuracy of fiber flow measurements. The experimental design comprised one period, one diet, and three cows as experimental units. Within each cow, the physical and chemical composition of digesta particulate matter was assessed at seven sites within the digestive tract. Three Finnish Ayshire dairy cows, equipped with ruminal and simple-T duodenal cannulas, in extended lactation were offered grass silage twice daily on an ad libitum basis. Digesta samples were collected from the rumen (dorsal and ventral sac), reticulum, omasal canal, omasum, duodenum, and rectum to determine particle size distribution in digesta, chemical composition of various particle size fractions, and distribution of two flow markers (Cr-labeled straw and indigestible NDF [INDF]) among particle size fractions. Digesta samples were wet-sieved using sieves of 2.50, 1.25, 0.630, 0.315, 0.160, and 0.080 mm. Particulate matter was analyzed for OM, NDF, and Cr concentrations, and INDF concentration was determined based on 12-d ruminal incubation. The particle size of digesta entering the omasal canal was larger compared with the omasum or the duodenum, suggesting that omasal canal samples were not representative of particle size distribution truly escaping the rumen. The concentration of potentially digestible NDF (PDNDF) decreased with decreasing particle size. The PDNDF concentration of particulate matter retained on all sieves was greatest in the rumen and gradually decreased along the digestive tract. From the reticulorumen to the omasum, the decrease was associated with decreased particle size, reflecting selective passage of particulate matter. In contrast, from the omasum to the duodenum and rectum, the PDNDF concentration decreased within each particle size fraction without effect on particle size, indicating a nonselective passage of particulate matter between these sites. Variation between particle size fractions was slightly greater for Cr concentration than for INDF concentration, indicating that unrepresentative sampling of particulate matter had a greater effect on Cr concentration compared with that of INDF. Owing to unrepresentative sampling, NDF entering the omasal canal was overestimated by 5% using INDF and underestimated by 7% using Cr as a particle phase marker. Of total NDF digestibility, proportionally 0.90, 0.07, and 0.03 occurred in the reticulorumen, omasum, and intestines, respectively. The current results indicate that, despite unrepresentative sampling of digesta particulate matter entering the omasal canal, the errors in determined NDF flow were small. The omasum may have a greater role in postruminal NDF digestion than the intestines.  相似文献   

Rapid communication: linkage mapping of seven bovine cDNA.     

T P Smith  G L Bennett  N Tao  W A Warren 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1631-1632

  相似文献   

Capnographic documentation of nasoesophageal and nasogastric feeding tube placement in dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paula A. Johnson  DVM    F. A. Mann  DVM  MS  DACVS  DACVECC    John Dodam  DVM  MS  PhD  DACVA    Keith Branson  DVM  MS  DACVA    Colette Wagner-Mann  DVM  PhD    Mark A. Brady  DVM    Elizabeth Dunphy  DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2002,12(4):227-233

Objective: To evaluate the ability of capnography to document proper placement of nasoesophageal (NE) and nasogastric (NG) feeding tubes. This study was conducted in 3 phases. Phase I of this study was designed in order to test the efficacy of capnography to distinguish placement of a feeding tube in the alimentary tract versus the respiratory tract. Phase II was designed in order to document that carbon dioxide (CO₂) could be measured through a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) feeding tube. Phase III was performed in order to evaluate the technique of continuous monitoring during insertion of the feeding tube into the esophagus and stomach as would be performed during a clinical‐tube placement. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: 24 adult dogs. Interventions: In Phase I, sedated dogs were instrumented with an intratracheal catheter and an 8 French feeding tube placed nasally into the distal esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase II, dogs were anesthetized and an 8 French feeding tube was placed down the endotracheal tube, then into the esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase III, sedated dogs were instrumented with an 8 French feeding tube inserted intranasally and then advanced to the level of the nasopharynx, distal esophagus and, lastly, the stomach. Fluoroscopy was used in order to determine location of the feeding tube. Measurements and main results: Phase I measurements included respiratory rate and CO₂ from the trachea, esophagus, and stomach and pH of gastric fluid sample. Phase II measurements included respiratory rate and CO₂ from the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the distal esophagus, and feeding tube in the stomach. Phase III data collection included respiratory rate and CO₂ as the tube was passed through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, esophagus and stomach. Phase I fluid samples were collected from 5 of the 9 dogs and had pH values from 1.68 to 4.20. In both phases, values for the respiratory rate and CO₂ from the esophagus and stomach were 0 ± 0, significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the values from the trachea. In Phase II, there was no significant difference between the respiratory rates (P = 0.886) and CO₂ (P = 0.705) readings obtained from the endotracheal tube compared to readings from the feeding tube in the endotracheal tube. In Phase III, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the respiratory rates and CO₂ readings obtained from the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx when compared to those readings obtained from the esophagus and stomach. Measurement of CO₂ and respiratory rate resulted in a reading of 0 every time the feeding tube was in the esophagus or stomach. Conclusions: Capnography may be used in order to detect airway placement of NE and NG tubes.  相似文献   

The Application of GIS in Small Watershed Classification in Loess Plateau     

Zhu Jinzhao  Wu Bin  Bi Huaxing  Zhou Changqing College of Soil  Water Conservation  Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing  P.R.China 《中国林学(英文版)》1994,(2)

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Disappearance of acetic acid from the bovine reticulorumen at basal and elevated concentrations of acetic acid.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J P Peters  R Y Shen  J A Robinson 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(5):1509-1517

Disappearance of acetic acid was quantified to determine whether removal of this acid from the reticulorumen is altered when ruminal acetic acid concentrations are elevated. Ruminally fistulated beef steers (n = 3 per experiment; BW = 320 +/- 9 kg) were fed eight times daily a 46% corn-based concentrate:54% mixed hay diet to meet maintenance energy requirements (3.5 kg of DM/d). In situ production of acetic acid, determined by pulsed-continuous infusion of [1-14C]acetic acid, was 530 mmol/h (CV = 12%). Disappearance from the reticulorumen (i.e., presumed absorption) was 460 mmol/h (CV = 2%) or 87% (CV = 2%) of ruminal production. Variation is described within an operational steady state. Acetic acid concentrations were increased by continuous infusion of unlabeled acetic acid into the reticulorumen. Ruminal disappearance (mmol/h) increased when this simulated production was elevated up to and exceeding in situ rates reported previously (530 to 2,700 mmol/h). These data suggest that two-thirds to three-fourths of ruminal acetate production disappeared across the reticuloruminal wall when concentration was elevated; the complement exited from the rumen with the liquid phase. The reticulorumen has an additional capacity to remove acetic acid; however, it does so with an apparent reduced efficiency at higher production rates. Liquid out-flow may affect the efficiency of reticuloruminal disappearance. Sites distal to the rumen become quantitatively important when ruminal acetic acid concentrations are increased.  相似文献   

0–7–21 Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Canine Oral Melanoma     

Karen E. Bateman DVM  MSc    Pamela A. Catton  Paul W. Pennock  Stephen A. Kruth 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1994,8(4):267-272

Eighteen dogs with malignant melanoma of the oral cavity were treated with high-dose per fraction (0–7–21) radiation therapy. Eight hundred cGy was administered on days 0, 7, and 21 for a total dose of 2,400 cGy in 3 weeks. Of 17 dogs evaluated, 9 (53%) had a complete remission and 5 (30%) achieved a partial remission with an overall response rate of 83%. Local failure occurred in 2 of the 9 dogs where a complete response was initially observed. One dog died of intercurrent disease, and one died of metastatic disease without evidence of local recurrence. Five dogs are alive and free of disease 9 to nineteen months from the initiation of therapy. The 0–7–21 protocol was well-tolerated, and acute radiation reactions were low-grade and limited to the skin. The results of this study demonstrate that oral melanomas in dogs are responsive to radiation. 0–7–21 radiation therapy offers a viable alternative to radical excision, especially when tumor volume or location would require cosmetically or functionally debilitating surgery.  相似文献   

A field study on reproductive efficiency of mares maintained predominately on native pasture     

P.G. Gibbs  K.E. Davison 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1992,12(4)

A field study utilizing 145 mares of various age and breeding status was conducted to determine reproductive performance under native range conditions with only limited supplemental feeding. All mares had an average initial body condition score of 4.5 and a final score of 5.1 by the time breeding was completed and mares returned to pasture. Average foaling rate was 80%, and mares that had not conceived during the previous breeding season had a foaling rate of 94%, which was higher (P<.05) than 74% for lactating mares. Mares 16 years and older had a significantly lower foaling rate (P<.05) than younger mares. Old mares that were lactating at time of breeding had only a 37% foaling rate, which was less (P<.05) than for young lactating mares. The 94 mares bred by natural cover or artificial insemination that actually foaled required 1.43 cycles per conception. Lactating mares in the oldest age group required more cycles per conception (P<.05) than open mares, and these older, lactating mares also required more cycles per conception than younger mares with foals at side. Those mares diagnosed as pregnant or open at 45 days post breeding had a pregnancy rate of 97%. Average pregnancy loss for all mares was 7.7%. These data indicate that lactating mares in moderate body condition tended to skip a breeding season and that a body condition score of 5 was only marginally acceptable, especially in the case of lactating mares. Authors' address: Equine Science Program, Department of Animal Science, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843. Technical Article Number 30023, Texas Agr. Exp. Sta.  相似文献   

Uroendoscopy. Evaluation of the lower urinary tract.     

K L Cannizzo  M A McLoughlin  D J Chew  S P DiBartola 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2001,31(4):789-807, ix

Recent advances in uroendoscopy have allowed diagnostic evaluation of the lower urinary tract in most of our canine and feline patients. By providing a magnified view of the luminal surfaces of the lower urinary tract, uroendoscopy provides useful diagnostic information that is not readily available even by more invasive techniques.  相似文献   

Transesophageal monitoring of aortic blood flow during nonemergent canine surgeries     

Piper L. Wall  DVM  PhD  DACVECC  ; Maisha M. Rudison  BS  ; Tatjana Lazic  DVM  Dean H. Reidesel  DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2002,12(1):1-8

Objective: To establish baseline values for descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters as determined with a transesophageal combined M‐mode and pulsed Doppler ultrasound‐based monitoring method. Design: Preliminary observational study. Setting: University small animal teaching hospital. Animals: The study population consisted of anesthetized canine patients undergoing nonemergent surgeries. Prospectively set criteria for inclusion were adequate body size for placement of the esophageal probe and a nonemergent reason for surgery. The criterion for exclusion was recent trauma. Interventions: Placement of the transesophageal probe. Measurements and main results: Data was collected during 15 surgeries. Data from three dogs was excluded from data analysis (two recently hit by motor vehicles, one recently having undergone a total hip replacement). Each parameter was stable across time within each individual dog. The ranges of the descending thoracic aortic parameters across the 12 nonemergent cases were as follows: blood flow, 0.038–0.085 L min^?1 kg^?1; blood flow per beat, 0.31–0.84 mL kg^?1; blood acceleration, 6–29 m s^2?1; blood peak velocity, 38–105 m s^?1; left ventricular ejection time interval 331–492 ms; and diameter, 0.30–0.93 mm kg^?1. Conclusions: The range of descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters encountered in this small group of dogs during nonemergent surgeries was broad; however, each parameter was quite stable across time with little change occurring in any dog during monitoring.  相似文献