Improving Potato Production in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia: A System Diagnosis   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Peter R. Gildemacher  Wachira Kaguongo  Oscar Ortiz  Agajie Tesfaye  Gebremedhin Woldegiorgis  William W. Wagoire  Rogers Kakuhenzire  Peter M. Kinyae  Moses Nyongesa  Paul C. Struik  Cees Leeuwis 《Potato Research》2009,52(2):173-205

Increased productivity of potatoes can improve the livelihood of smallholder potato farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia and is required to meet the growing demand. This paper investigates the opportunities for potato system improvement that could result in improved productivity. Through a diagnosis of the potato systems in the three countries on the basis of surveys and stakeholder workshops, seed potato quality management, bacterial wilt control, late blight control and soil fertility management were identified as key technical intervention topics. For effective problem solving in these areas, the functioning of the potato innovation system requires improvement to better deliver the functions of potato marketing as well as knowledge development and information exchange. With use of a ‘system failure framework’ the shortcomings of the potato innovation system are identified and discussed and options for improvement are suggested.  相似文献   

Study of antimicrobial activity of aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin on cotton, wool, and rabbit hair   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. Ammayappan  J. Jeyakodi Moses 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(2):161-166

Aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin were applied in alone and in combination with each others on cotton, wool and rabbit hair by exhaustion method for the assessment of their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these natural ingredients was better in peroxide treated cotton, formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrates than their corresponding intact ones. Aloevera shown better antimicrobial activity than chitosan and curcumin when applied alone and its antimicrobial activity was enhanced by addition of both chitosan and curcumin. The application of aloevera+chitosan+curcumin combination on peroxide treated cotton and formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrate was fast up to twenty five washing cycles.  相似文献   

Pigeonpea improvement: An amalgam of breeding and genomic research     

Sameer Kumar Chanda Venkata  Ganga Rao Nadigatla Veera Prabha Rama  Rachit K. Saxena  Kulbhushan Saxena  Hari D. Upadhyaya  Moses Siambi  Said N. Silim  Kothapally Narasimha Reddy  Anupama J. Hingane  Mamta Sharma  Shivali Sharma  Stephen Dominic Lyimo  Rose Ubwe  Meshack Makenge  Kananji Gad  Paul Kiprotich Kimurto  Manuel Amane  Kennedy Kanenga  Yuventino Obong  Emanuel Monyo  Chris Ojiewo  Nagesh Kumar Mallela Venkata  Jaganmohan Polineni Rao  Prashanthi Lakkireddy  Sudhakar Chourat  Indraprakash Singh  Sobhan Sajja  Shruthi Hirikara Beliappa  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):445-454

In the past five decades, constant research has been directed towards yield improvement in pigeonpea resulting in the deployment of several commercially acceptable cultivars in India. Though, the genesis of hybrid technology, the biggest breakthrough, enigma of stagnant productivity still remains unsolved. To sort this productivity disparity, genomic research along with conventional breeding was successfully initiated at ICRISAT. It endowed ample genomic resource providing insight in the pigeonpea genome combating production constraints in a precise and speedy manner. The availability of the draft genome sequence with a large‐scale marker resource, oriented the research towards trait mapping for flowering time, determinacy, fertility restoration, yield attributing traits and photo‐insensitivity. Defined core and mini‐core collection, still eased the pigeonpea breeding being accessible for existing genetic diversity and developing stress resistance. Modern genomic tools like next‐generation sequencing, genome‐wide selection helping in the appraisal of selection efficiency is leading towards next‐generation breeding, an awaited milestone in pigeonpea genetic enhancement. This paper emphasizes the ongoing genetic improvement in pigeonpea with an amalgam of conventional breeding as well as genomic research.  相似文献   

The first report of Histophilus somni pneumonia in Nigerian dairy cattle     

Odugbo MO  Ogunjumo SO  Chukwukere SC  Kumbish PR  Musa A  Ekundayo SO  Okewole PA  Nwankpa ND  Itodo AE  Haruna G 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,181(3):340-342

Clinical signs of severe bronchopneumonia, including anorexia, coughing, nasal discharge, dyspnoea, diarrhoea, distension of the neck, lethargy, recumbency, lameness preceding collapse, and death were observed among a herd of Holstein–Friesian dairy cattle. The outbreak occurred over a 30-day period, and attack and case-fatality rates were 0.4% and 50%, respectively. At necropsy, extensive consolidation in the cranioventral parts of the lungs was observed. Histologically, a severe acute bronchopneumonia with slight pleuritis was present. Both pathological and bacteriological evaluation of the lungs incriminated Histophilus somni (heavy growth). Supplementary laboratory investigations also isolated Clostridium and Klebsiella species (scanty growth) from the lungs. Histophilosis in cattle was confirmed for the first time in Nigeria.  相似文献   

Ecogeographical distribution of wild, weedy and cultivated Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in Kenya: implications for conservation and crop-to-wild gene flow     

Evans Mutegi  Fabrice Sagnard  Moses Muraya  Ben Kanyenji  Bernard Rono  Caroline Mwongera  Charles Marangu  Joseph Kamau  Heiko Parzies  Santie de Villiers  Kassa Semagn  Pierre Sibiry Traoré  Maryke Labuschagne 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(2):243-253

The potential gene flow between a crop and its wild relatives is largely determined by the overlaps in their ecological and geographical distributions. Ecogeographical databases are therefore indispensable tools for the sustainable management of genetic resources. In order to expand our knowledge of Sorghum bicolor distribution in Kenya, we conducted in situ collections of wild, weedy and cultivated sorghum. Qualitative and quantitative morphological traits were measured for each sampled wild sorghum plant. Farmers’ knowledge relating to the management of sorghum varieties and autecology of wild sorghum was also obtained. Cluster analysis supports the existence of several wild sorghum morphotypes that might correspond to at least three of the five ecotypes recognized in Africa. Intermediate forms between wild and cultivated sorghum belonging to the S. bicolor ssp. drummondii are frequently found in predominantly sorghum growing areas. Crop-wild gene flow in sorghum is likely to occur in many agroecosystems of Kenya.  相似文献   

Thermal characteristics of Metarhizium anisopliae isolates important for the development of biological pesticides for the control of cattle ticks     

Polar P  de Muro MA  Kairo MT  Moore D  Pegram R  John SA  Roach-Benn C 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,134(1-2):159-167

Experiments were conducted to determine if Metarhizium anisopliae isolates which are capable of growth at cattle surface temperatures could produce pathogenicity to Boophilus microplus in laboratory and field studies. The diurnal temperature fluctuation on the surface of cattle was monitored. The temperature tolerance of M. anisopliae isolates (ARSEF3297 and IMI386697) was determined and their pathogenicity to B. microplus compared at a standard bioassay temperature (28 degrees C) and at a temperature similar to the cattle surface (31-35 degrees C). The effect of the two isolates on the B. microplus population on cattle under field conditions was determined. The temperature of the fore udder, rear udder, ribs and neck regions of the mixed Holstein cattle fluctuated between 30 and 35 degrees C, in a similar pattern to the prevailing environmental temperature. However, wider fluctuations were obtained on the ears (28-35 degrees C) and spine (30-41 degrees C). The colony radius of both isolates declined as temperature increased, however, the growth of IMI386697 was five times greater than ARSEF3297 at 34 degrees C. At 28 degrees C, the pathogenicity of both isolates to B. microplus was similar, however, at 31-35 degrees C, IMI386697 was more pathogenic than ARSEF3297. Both isolates reduced the B. microplus population on cattle in comparison to the control formulation. However, IMI386697 (8.5+/-0.64 ticks/animal) produced a greater reduction in tick numbers than ARSEF3297 (19.1+/-0.64 ticks/animal). M. anisopliae was re-isolated from 8.9% of the ticks collected from IMI386697 treated cattle as compared to 2.8% of ticks from ARSEF3297 treated cattle.  相似文献   

Modeling the spatially dynamic distribution of humans in the Oregon (USA) Coast Range     

Kline  Jeffrey D.  Azuma  David L.  Moses  Alissa 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(4):347-361

A common approach to land use change analyses in multidisciplinary landscape-level studies is to delineate discrete forest and non-forest or urban and non-urban land use categories to serve as inputs into sets of integrated sub-models describing socioeconomic and ecological processes. Such discrete land use categories, however, may be inappropriate when the socioeconomic and ecological processes under study are sensitive to a range of human habitation. In this paper, we characterize the spatial dynamic distribution of humans throughout the forest landscape of western Oregon (USA). We develop an empirical model describing the spatial distribution and rate of change in historic building densities as a function of a gravity index of development pressure, existing building densities, slope, elevation, and existing land use zoning. We use the empirical model to project changes in building densities that are applied to a 1995 base map of building density to describe future spatial distributions of buildings over time. The projected building density maps serve as inputs into a multidisciplinary landscape-level analysis of socioeconomic and ecological processes in Oregon's Coast Range Mountains. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Letters to the Editor ◆ Lettres À La Rédaction: The interpretation of “scientific” — A reply          下载免费PDF全文

Moses Milstein 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2001,42(1):5

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Effects of mode of testing on susceptibility to various insecticides of adults or larvae of Lucilia sericata,Chrysomya putoria and Musca domestica L     

James R. Busvine  Moses O. E. Iwuala 《Pest management science》1975,6(5):481-490

Relative potency of eight compounds (four pairs of similar types) to adults and old larvae of three species of cyclorhaphous diptera was determined by injection, oral or topical application. The following points emerged from comparisons of equitoxic doses: (a) C. putoria was consistently more susceptible than L. sericata. M. domestica was more susceptible to organochlorines than either of the blowflies, but less susceptible to organophosphorus, carbamate or pyrethroid insecticides; (b) the most potent insecticides (bioresmethrin, diazinon) were about equally toxic to adults and larvae of all species; but some compounds (especially DDT, gamma-BHC and propoxur) were relatively much less effective against larvae; (c) LD₅₀ values for oral treatments were higher than by injection, and those for contact treatments higher still. These “penetration factors” were highly correlated within each of the stages. This could be due to similarity in the cuticular barrier and (or) detoxication; (d) experiments with various synergistic compounds showed higher synergistic factors for larvae than adults (with DDT, bioresmethrin and propoxur). This probably indicates a more efficient detoxication system in the larvae, which is consistent with findings (b) and (c).  相似文献   

Case report: isolation of mycoplasma gallisepticum from bobwhite quail. (Colinus virginianus)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D L Madden  W H Henderson  H E Moses 《Avian diseases》1967,11(3):378-380

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